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Bella Makes Life

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Submitted By Kadi1995
Words 256
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كيمياء

قوانين الغازات

عمل الطالب: يزيد ناهض
قانون بويل
مختص بالضغط والحجم

"عند درجة حرارة معينة, فإن ضغط كمية معينة من غاز ما يتناسب عكسيا مع حجم الحيز".

قانون شارل
مختص بالحجم والحرارة

"ان حجم كمية معينة من الغاز تحت ضغط ثابت تتغير طرديا مع درجة الحرارة".
قانون غاي- لوساك
مختص بتغير الضغط عند درجة الحرارة

"اذا وضعت كمية من الغاز في وعاء مغلق ذي حجم ثابت فإن ضغط الغاز يتناسب طرديا مع درجة الحرارة".

قانون الغاز المجمع

وهو يجمع بين القوانين الثلاثة الاولى

قانون أفوجادرو

"تحتوي احجام متساوية من غازات مختلفة عند نفس درجة الحرارة والضغط على عدد متساو من الجزيئات."

قانون الغازات المثالية

حيث:
P: الضغط، (الوحدات المستخدمة: ضغط جوي).
V: حجم الحيز، (الوحدات المستخدمة: لتر). n: كمية المادة (تقريبا عدد المولات في الغاز).
R: ثابت الغازات العام، (الوحدات والعدد المستخدم: 0.0821 لتر * ضغط جوي / مول * كلفن).
T: درجة الحرارة، (الوحدة: كلفن)
تعد هذه القوانين دقيقة تماما في حالة الغازات المثالية فقط، والتي تتجاهل التفاعلات الجزيئية داخل الغازات، إلا أن قانون الغازات المثالية يعد تقريبا جيدا لمعظم الغازات العادية في ظروف ضغط وحرارة متوسطين.
لهذا القانون عدة ملحوظات هامة:
1- إذا ظلت كل من الحرارة والضغط ثابتين، يكون حجم الغاز متناسب طرديا مع عدد الجزيئات في الغاز.
2- إذا ظلت كل من الحرارة والحجم ثابتين، يكون ضغط الغاز متناسب طرديا مع عدد الجزيئات في الغاز.
3- إذا ظل عدد جزيئات الغاز ثابتا وظلت الحرارة ثابتة، يكون ضغط الغاز متناسب عكسيا مع الحجم.
4- إذا ظل عدد جزيئات الغاز ثابتا وتغيرت الحرارة، فلن يتغير أيا من (أو كلا من) بشكل طردي مع الحرارة.

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