...Evaluate the evidence for borderline personality disorder being (a) caused by adverse events in childhood, and (b) treatable? Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is psychiatric disorder characterised by a ubiquitous pattern of instability and impulsivity. Those with BPD struggle to maintain interpersonal relationships due to social inhibition and impulsive aggression. They also tend to find it difficult maintaining a positive self-image, often resulting in a nagging feeling of inadequacy. Of the general population, 1-2% are affected by BPD-Many psychologists have suggested that BPD balances on the line between mood and personality (Tyrer, 2009), which means that there can often be some confusion when diagnosing. A range of factors have...
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...ETIOLOGY Individuals with borderline personality disorder have an increased likelihood of decreased size of the amygdala and the hippocampus, both associated with emotion and motivation. There is also evidence in decreased production or transmission of serotonin, which is a neurotransmitter. Decreased levels of serotonin has been associated with mood disruption, such as depression, irritability, and anger along with impulsive behavior (Bateman & Krawitz, 2013, p23). Additionally, there has been noted decreased neurological electrical activity in those with BPD. There is a genetic factor to the development of borderline personality disorder. First-degree relatives of sufferers of BPD have five times greater risk of the disorder than the general population. Additionally, they display an increased risk for substance abuse, antisocial personality disorder, and depressive disorders including...
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...Borderline Personality Disorder or Bipolar Disorder James Tierney University of Maryland University College Abstract Many movies have portrayed characters with either a form of Bipolar disorder or a type of Personality disorder whether it is for dramatic purposes or to engage the viewer into the mindset of a psychological thriller. Whatever their reasoning, more often than not, the portrayal is inaccurate. There is however a film that I have chosen that borderlines accuracy to a degree. Girl Interrupted is based on the memoirs of an actual person who was diagnosed with a borderline personality disorder. Although an adaption of her biography with the usual artistic liberties, it can be used as a case study in the theory of psychology. I intend to show the similarities between borderline personality disorder verses bipolar disorder. Susanna Kaysen, with whom the movie was based, was diagnosed as borderline back in 1967, if she were seen today by a mental health professional, would she now be considered bipolar? Borderline Personality Disorder or Bipolar Disorder Susanna Kayson was a young woman who was admitted into Mclean hospital at age 18 after a suicide attempt. A movie called Girl Interrupted was made chronicling her stay at this hospital. There she was diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. In the movie although they portrayed some of her symptoms accurately, it focused more on her friendship and experiences with other patients instead of her in particular...
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...Borderline Personality Disorder: DSMDiagnosing and Empirically-Based TreatmentKelli RodriguezCapella University1 Borderline Personality Disorder AbstractThe DSM-IV is widely used in the mental health field. Some of its many uses include providinga common language among professionals about psychopathology and delineating criteria for diagnosing individuals with mental disorders. This paper explores the purpose, history, andlimitations of the DSM diagnostic approach. A case study is provided and the DSM-IV-TR isused to diagnosis borderline personality disorder. The disorder is described and an empirically- based treatment plan is offered.2 Borderline Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder: DSM Diagnosing and Empirically-Based TreatmentThe APA (2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is widelyused by mental health professionals. It provides a common language about psychopathologyamong clinicians, researchers, students, and other mental health professionals. Since its inceptioninto the field of mental health, it has made a huge impact on clinical practice, research, andeducation. Although it has advanced the field of mental health, there is still criticism of theDSM classification system. Despite its limitations, it continues to be considered an importantreference for mental health professionals. This paper will explore the DSM’s use within the fieldof psychopathology. Then it will be applied to a case study of a 15 year-old girl with...
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...face to face with an individual who has a personality similar to a mine field? In other words where or when he/she will explode is never known. This type of personality disorder is called borderline personality disorder. Borderline Personality Disorder is one of the most scariest and hidden disorders that have baffled our society as well as many health professionals for many years. The DSM IV defines borderline personality disorder as an AXIS II disorder which has symptoms of impulsivity and emotional dysregulation. A person with borderline personality disorder has feelings of abandonment and emptiness, and has frantic efforts to avoid abandonment, going to extremes to keep someone from leaving. He or she is emotionally unstable and forms intense but unstable interpersonal relationships. They also have a very unstable self-image or sense of self. They show impulsive behavior, such as spending money, reckless driving, sex, binge eating and other types of eating disorders, and substance abuse. They tend to have recurrent suicidal behavior, and tend to self-mutilate. Some patients with borderline personality disorder have chronic feelings of emptiness, and intense anger or difficulty controlling it (Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental disorders ). After reading the DSM IV’s definition, the true meaning of borderline personality disorder still wasn’t clear. Excluding fancy words, the reality of borderline personality disorder is simple-a person has a low opinion of...
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...Adolescents with Borderline Personalities that Self-Mutilate Terri Lynn McCarley, RN Ohio Christian University Nursing Research NR3300 Professor Snider Adolescents with Borderline Personalities that Self-Mutilate The purpose of this paper is to discuss adolescents who self-mutilate and how the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder has an effect on it. This author will describe traits of a borderline personality disorder, some of the suggested reasons for self-mutilation and the correlation between the two. This author will provide a synopsis of two literature reviews. Question The question is in adolescents, what is the effect on borderline personality disorders as evidence by self-mutilating compared with adolescents with no mental health disorders? Why This Population is Important? This specific population, adolescents, was chosen because of the impact it has on the future generation. It has a large impact on the children that are coming up in life behind the adolescents. Children are usually influenced by the generation before them and this influence impacts the next generation. Adolescents are known as the “what’s happening now” in society today. This specific population is challenging and full of new views of how they see the world. Is this a phase or an actual mental health disorder for adolescents? The importance of this paper is to look at adolescence receiving earlier treatment and diagnosis. Another important...
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...INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY of the CARIBBEAN SAVANNA-LA-MAR CAMPUS COURSE: Guidance and Counseling / Psychology (year 3) Borderline Personality Disorder TERM PAPER IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT of the COURSE: Abnormal Psychology PRESENTED TO: MS. Loi Perry PRESENTED BY: Kerese Mckenzie ID#: 1220654 Date: March 24, 2016 The current diagnostic criteria set for Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is taken from the American Psychiatric Association’s DSM-5 (APA, 2013). Patients must meet five of nine criteria in order to be diagnosed with BPD. Patients who partially, but incompletely, meet this criteria set may be considered to have borderline personality traits or features. Although not fulfilling criteria for the full disorder, such a formulation may nonetheless be useful in guiding treatment decisions. Borderline personality disorder is said to be one of the most misunderstood diseases. According to John Grohol, it is a condition marked by a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following: 1. Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. Note: Do not include suicidal or self-mutilating behaviour, as it is covered in Criterion 5. 2. A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation...
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...1: MENTAL DISORDERS AND CRIME 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO MENTAL DISORDER A mental disorder is depicted as a significant behavioral or psychological pattern, which leads to distress or impairment in important areas of functioning or a higher risk of suffering from pain, disability, loss of freedom and death (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Mental disorder affects a person’s mood, thinking and also behavior. The general types of mental disorders include mood disorder, anxiety disorders, personality disorders and psychotic disorders. 2.0 SIGNS & SYMPTOMS OF MENTAL DISORDERS These signs may include the feelings of excessive anxiety, intense fear, odd speech or thinking patterns, marked changes in behavior and mood, withdrawal from social interaction and the lost of interest in activities that are normally enjoyed. 3.0 THE LINK BETWEEN MENTAL DISORDERS AND CRIME Personally, I think that there is a positive correlation between mental disorders and crime. However, not all individuals with mental disorders are certain to commit crime. The possibility of crime being committed by these individuals may depend on external factors which trigger their biological predisposition to violate the rights of others. In the following discussion, I have included several studies which stated that mental disorders may lead to crime. 3.1 SOCIAL DISCRIMINATION & AGGRESSION Results from a study have shown that individuals with psychotic disorders were responsible...
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...Therapy to Treat Borderline Personality Disorder Kari Deutscher University of Saint Francis Abstract Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is a specific type of cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy initially developed by Marsha Linehan for the treatment of individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and additional psychiatric disorders associated with emotion dysregulation. DBT is currently the most frequently investigated psychosocial intervention for Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). DBT’s treatment program includes weekly skills training group led by two therapists, individual therapy, telephone consultation, and consultation team meetings. Over the years, DBT has been proven to be beneficial in treating...
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...Contents Introduction 2 DSM-IV Criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder 2 Diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorders 4 Instruments Available for the Assessment/Diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder 5 Problems Related to Assessing and Classifying/Diagnosing 16-20 Year Olds 5 Conclusion 8 Bibliography 9 Introduction I will discuss the problems related to assessing and classifying / diagnosing 16 to 20 year olds with patterns of impulsivity, instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image and affect. These criteria are directed toward a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (here forth referred to as the DSM-IV-TR) personalities are defined as enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself. Personality traits are prominent aspects of personality that are exhibited in a wide range of important social and personal contexts. Only when personality traits are inflexible and maladaptive and cause either significant functional impairment or subjective distress do they constitute a Personality Disorder.(Association, 2000) The manifestations of personality disorders are often recognized in adolescence and continue throughout most of adult life. DSM-IV Criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder According to the DSM-IV-TR the fundamental feature of borderline personality disorder is a persistent pattern of “instability of interpersonal...
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...Case Study of John Hinckley Janeen Tipton PSY/410 July 22, 2012 Dr. Johnson Case Study of John Hinckley In the field of psychology, a science evolved nearly 100 years ago, named Abnormal Psychology. This field addresses those with mental illnesses/disorders with diagnosing, treatment, and other forms of therapies such as behavioral and cognitive therapies. In order to properly diagnose an individual with any form of disorder, if one exists, it is imperative that the client divulge all feelings, behaviors, thoughts, and emotions for a proper diagnosis. There are individuals who are predisposed for certain disorders which are found at an early age, and then there are others that symptoms seem to arise later in life such as in the case of John Hinckley, who also failed at being honest about symptoms, behaviors, thoughts which due to this, proper psychiatric care could not be implemented leading to the attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan, a former U.S. President. John Hinckley’s Childhood John Hinckley had what is to be considered a normal childhood as that of his peers. By the age of nine years Hinckley and his family had moved twice within the same State; however the second move at nine years of age seemed hard for Hinckley as he lost some of his friends and social status (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009, p. 325). After graduating high school in 1973, he moved again to Colorado only to return in 1974 to attend college. Hinckley only...
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...Borderline Personality Disorder Diagnosis, criteria, symptoms Personality disorders are estimated to affect about ten to twenty percent of the general population (Sadock & Sadock 2007). Individuals with borderline personality disorders fall under the category of Cluster B personality disorders, which are characterized by dramatic, impulsive, and erratic features, which include narcissistic, antisocial, borderline, and dramatic personality disorders. (Sadock & Sadock 2007) According to the DSM-IV-TR Diagnostic for Borderline Personality Disorder, the criteria for Borderline Personality is “A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following: 1. 1.Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment 2. A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by 3. alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation 4. identity disturbance, markedly and persistently unstable self image or sense of self 5. impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging 6. recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self mutilating...
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...Borderline personality disorder is a disordered behavior pattern that develops by early adulthood, and is characterized by multiple types of psychological instability and impulsiveness, often involves intense and frequent mood changes, fear of abandonment, and a risk of suicide according to Merriam-Webster.com. In Oldham’s article “Personality Disorders” he states that in many important ways, we are what we do. It is easier to determine the “what” of our personality rather than the “why”. We all have unique personalities and no two people are the same, for instance like our fingerprints. Individuals’ temperament is a key component of a person’s developing personality, along with the shaping and molding influences of family, caretakers, and environmental experiences. Personality disorders are diagnosed by a classical system of descriptive psychopathology within a framework adopted by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) and published in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) (). The DSM has had many revisions with the latest revision being published in 2000. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV-TR) is used to diagnose psychiatric illness. The DSM-IV TR has a multiaxial approach that includes five dimensions. Axis I: Clinical Syndromes, Axis II: Personality and Mental Retardation, Axis III: Medical Conditions, Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental Problems, and Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning...
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...Antionette Bell Borderline Personality Disorder April 23, 2012 According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine, border line personality disorder is defined as a condition in which people have long-term patterns of unstable or turbulent emotions, such as feelings about themselves and others. These inner experiences often cause them to take impulsive actions and have chaotic relationships, www.us.national.libraryofmedicine.com. The development of borderline personality disorder (BPD) is complex; there are likely a variety of borderline personality disorder causes. Most experts believe that BPD develops as a result of biological, genetic and environmental factors. The factors that may cause BPD are discussed below. However, it is important to keep in mind that the exact causes of BPD are not known yet. Right now these are theories that have some research support but are by no means conclusive. More research is needed to determine how and why the factors discussed below are related to BPD. http://bpd.about.com/od/causesofbpd/a/CausesBPD.htm There is strong evidence to support a link between distressing childhood experiences, particularly involving caregivers, and BPD. The types of experiences that may be associated with BPD include, but are not limited to, physical and sexual abuse, early separation from caregivers, emotional or physical neglect, emotional abuse, and parental insensitivity. Marsha Linehan, the developer of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) for BPD, believes...
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...” Borderline Personality Disorder is a condition characterized by impulsive actions, rapidly shifting moods, and chaotic relationships, most commonly found in women. The individual usually goes from one emotional crisis to another making it difficult to form close connections with people. Often there is dependency, separation anxiety, unstable self-image, chronic feelings of emptiness, and threats of self-harm such as suicide or self-mutilation. In the movie “Girl, Interrupted”, main character Susanna Kaysen is diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder. Initially in denial of her disorder and suicide attempt upon entry to the psychiatric institution Claymoore, she learns to cope with her disorder, accept who she is, and learns to make meaningful lasting friendships. In order to be diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder, impairments of personality functioning (within self and interpersonal) must be present as well as pathological personality traits. With this disorder, the person can often function "normally" in society, but the internal emotional pain can be unbearable. People suffering with this disorder can be very moody, can have feelings of desperation, insecurity, and isolation. They tend to be impulsive and suffer from bouts of depression. They also tend to live recklessly and engage in self-damaging behavior. Those with BPD may hurt themselves as an outlet to dealing with their chronic feelings of emptiness and identity...
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