...2016 Dr. Teralyn Sell Regulatory Behavior The nervous system and its function regulate the human body. Everything runs smoothly with no issues during normal circumstances. Fear has an impact on how the nervous system works. An individual is examined when concerning the nervous system, and the ways that fear affects it is through body temperature regulation. When fear is present, it brings on the production of specific hormones that cause certain responses within the body leading to the flight or fight situation. With health, the abnormality is always possible to any function of the body. Knowing the common characteristics can impair an individual’s body to maintain its internal core temperature that will give people a step up against having issues later in life. An elaborate system was broken into two significant sections of the nervous system. One is the Central Nervous System, which vertebrates consists of the brain and the spinal cord. The second system is the Peripheral Nervous System includes the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord, the neural elements. The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems work simultaneously to play a significant role of influencing the behavior. Without the nervous system, there would be no way to get information indicating the brain to the rest of the body. The systems receive and respond to the factors in the external and internal environment that will cause a nervous response. According to National Institute of Health, the...
Words: 1315 - Pages: 6
...Emotions Paper The presence of emotion on human lives is a combination of many events, from our natural biological constructs, to our environment and how that aided our development. Emotions play a pivotal role as to how we act towards motivation. Two intrinsically different historical theories arise which illustrate polar views on the source of human emotion. One being James-Lange’s theory where physiological symptoms trigger emotional response, and the second being Cannon’s theory where both physiological and emotional response occur at the same time. Two research methods include word association, how language can label human emotions, and evolutionary theory that is based on the idea that emotions aided early human survival. Finally Darwin had a structural facial component known as facial feedback hypothesis, wherein an event-appraisal-emotional sequence was formulated. All these theories play a major role in human emotion being the driving force behind motivation. Emotion is an important aspect of motivation because it is the source of action when the environment acts as an incentive (Davidson, Jackson, & Kalin, 2000). The historic background of arousal and motivation includes the James-Lange theory of emotion and the Cannon theory. James proposed that physiological symptoms occur directly before a stimulating event or emotional experience (Davidson, Jackson, & Kalin, 2000). Specifically, the physiologic response is the reason for the emotional event...
Words: 1084 - Pages: 5
...steady state of equilibrium within bodily systems. A system is returned to a resting level through motivational states that energise and direct homeostasis-restoring behaviours. ! • Thus, homeostatic systems include several features: 1. Set Point: biologically optimal level the system strives to maintain. 2. Feedback mechanisms: provide information regarding the state of the system with respect to variables being regulated. 3. Corrective mechanisms: restore the system to its set point when needed. Physiological needs describe a deficient biological condition. Occur with tissue and bloodstream deficits, as from water loss, nutrient deprivation or physical injury. ➡ If water loss occurs below an optimal homeostatic level (around 2%) this creates the physiological need that underlies thirst. defined as • THIRST iswater deficit.a consciously experienced motivational state (drive) that readies the body to perform behaviours needed to replenish ➡ So drive is a psychological (not biological) term. Conscious manifestation of an underlying biological need that has motivational properties (to energise and direct behaviour). ➡ How does thurst arise? Water lies inside (intracellular fluid contributes 40% body weight) and outside (extracellular fluid contributes 20% body weight) cells. ! We may distinguish between osmometric (intracellular) and volumetric (extracellular) thirst. ➡ How does our body know when to stop drinking? negative feedback system…several possible locations. Intra-Organismic...
Words: 3516 - Pages: 15
...Understanding the Gift of Consciousness 2008 Timothy Lynch COMP 111 5/14/2008 The brain is the most complex and most fundamental of all the human organs. It is the essence of life. It is the vehicle through which man perceives reality, experiences, interprets his body’s sensory information, and coordinates all communication through billions of neural connections to various organs and systems, regulating and maintaining homeostasis (processes for maintaining internal stability). One’s experiences of life, their acquired skills, and the lessons learned are contained within a brain’s wrinkled, corrugated, and almost alien structures as memories. Two main categories of memory exist independently and simultaneously, short-term and long-term. Short-term, also known as working memory, is the mind’s way of temporarily storing any relevant information and task-specific data. There are at least two varieties of Short-term memory. One of the memory types is called by the name ‘phonological loop.’ This is how your brain stores linguistically encoded information for short periods of time (only seconds). The other is the visuospatial sketchpad, the mind’s way of maintaining, its visuospatial relationship(s) for the same short time as the phonological loop.(Foster, 972). The alternative memory format is Long-term or, declarative memory. The three inherent and pre-determined protocols the brain uses to remain functioning to translate a person’s experiences as this...
Words: 7410 - Pages: 30
...signals: neurotransmitters that transfer signals across synapses. Drugs lead primarily to a intoxication or emergence of a dependency syndrome. They change the awareness and the perception of the consumer during their impact and beyond. They affect three primal parts of the brain: • The brain stem which is in charge of all of the functions our body needs to stay alive • The limbic system links together a bunch of brain structures that control our emotional responses. • The cerebral cortex is the mushroom-like outer part of the brain. In humans, it is so big that it makes up about three-fourths of the entire brain. It’s divided into four areas, called lobes, which control specific functions. Some areas process information from our senses, enabling us to see, feel, hear, and taste. The front part of the cortex, known as the frontal cortex or forebrain, is the thinking center. It powers our ability to think, plan, solve problems, and make decisions. How do they proceed in our brain ? Drugs are chemicals. They work in the brain by tapping into its communication system and interfering with the way nerve cells normally send, receive, and process information. Some drugs can change the brain in ways that last long after the person has stopped taking drugs, maybe even permanently. This is more likely when a drug is taken repeatedly. Some drugs, such as marijuana and heroin,...
Words: 2408 - Pages: 10
...The brain is the largest and most complex part of the nervous system. It weighs about 3 pounds (1.3 kilograms), and contains about 100 billion neurons. Bateman, J. Fremont. "The Brain and Nervous System." The New Book of Popular Science. Grolier Online, 2013. Web. 12 Aug.2013. Cerebrum, one of the major divisions of the brain. "Cerebrum." Encyclopedia Americana. Grolier Online, 2013. Web. 12 Aug. 2013. Cerebrum The cerebrum, which comprises about 85% of the weight of the human brain, is involved in the ability to plan, to exercise creativity, and to store information in memory. On its surface is the cerebral cortex, a sheet of gray matter named for its wrinkled appearance (cortex being the Latin word for tree bark). Cerebral Cortex. Varying in thickness from about 0.06 to 0.2 inch (1.5 to 4.5 mm), the cerebral cortex not only receives and processes information regarding taste, touch, sight, sound, and smell but also governs muscle movement, thus allowing humans to analyze their surroundings and to respond to them as well. The cerebral cortex is divided into three areas, with two less structurally developed areas respectively processing emotion and smell, and the more elaborate neocortex processing all other functions. The three-layered archicortex is the emotional portion of the brain and is the simplest of the three. The three- to five-layered paleocortex is the olfactory portion of the brain. The neocortex is a more complex six-layered structure...
Words: 4599 - Pages: 19
...Harvard Business School 9-698-004 July 8, 1997 We’ve Got Rhythm! Medtronic Corporation’s Cardiac Pacemaker Business The legacy of Medtronic Corporation, the company that created the cardiac pacemaker industry, is a proud one. Starting from its earliest pacemakers, which had to be carried outside the body, Medtronic had achieved dramatic improvements in the functionality, size and reliability of these devices. In so doing it had extended the lives, and improved the quality of life, for hundreds of thousands of people in whom pacemakers had been implanted. The pacemaker has been designated as one of the ten most outstanding engineering achievements in the world over the past 50 years, along with the digital computer and the Apollo 11 moon landing. 1 Medtronic, which in 1995 booked operating profit of $300 million on revenues of $1.7 billion, had been founded in 1957 in Minneapolis, Minnesota by Earl Bakken, a researcher and inventor who had to his credit patents on several of the crucial technologies that led to the modern heart pacemaker. Pacemakers were small, battery-powered devices which, when implanted within a patient, helped a malfunctioning heart to beat in a steady, fixed rhythm. Because Medtronic was the first entrant into the pacemaker field and built a strong technological lead, it enjoyed a substantial portion (over 70%) of the market share for cardiac pacing through the 1960s. Building upon Medtronic’s legacy of leadership was not easy, however...
Words: 8613 - Pages: 35
...4.2 4.3 ISBN 0-558-78571-9 Resting Membrane Potential Generation and Conduction of Postsynaptic Potentials Integration of Postsynaptic Potentials and Generation of Action Potentials Conduction of Action Potentials 4.5 4.6 4.7 Synaptic Transmission: Chemical Transmission of Signals among Neurons Neurotransmitters Pharmacology of Synaptic Transmission and Behavior 4.4 Biopsychology, Eighth Edition, by John P.J. Pinel. Published by Allyn & Bacon. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. 76 Chapter 4 ■ Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission hapter 3 introduced you to the anatomy of neurons. This chapter introduces you to their function—how neurons conduct and transmit electrochemical signals through your nervous system. It begins with a description of how signals are generated in resting neurons; then, it follows the signals as they are conducted through neurons and transmitted across synapses to other neurons. It concludes with a discussion of how drugs are used to study the relation between synaptic transmission and behavior. “The Lizard,” a case study of a patient with Parkinson’s disease, Roberto Garcia d’Orta, will help you appreciate why a knowledge of neural conduction and synaptic transmission is an integral part of biopsychology. C The Lizard, a Case of Parkinson’s Disease “I have become a lizard,” he began. “A great lizard frozen in a dark, cold, strange world.” His name was Roberto Garcia d’Orta. He was a tall thin man in his sixties...
Words: 14184 - Pages: 57
...ISSUE BRIEF November 2009 Understanding the Effects of Maltreatment on Brain Development What’s Inside: • How the Brain Develops This issue brief provides basic information on brain development and the effects of abuse and neglect on that development. The information is designed to help professionals understand the emotional, mental, and behavioral impact of early abuse and neglect in children who come to the attention of the child welfare system. • Effects of Maltreatment on Brain Development • Implications for Practice and Policy • Summary U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Administration on Children, Youth and Families Children’s Bureau Child Welfare Information Gateway Children’s Bureau/ACYF 1250 Maryland Avenue, SW Eighth Floor Washington, DC 20024 800.394.3366 Email: info@childwelfare.gov www.childwelfare.gov Understanding the Effects of Maltreatment on Brain Development www.childwelfare.gov In recent years, there has been a surge of research into early brain development. New technologies, such as neuroimaging (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging or MRI), provide increased insight into how the brain develops and how early experiences affect that development. One area that has been receiving increasing research attention involves the effects of abuse and neglect on the developing brain, especially during infancy and early childhood. Much of this research is providing biological explanations for what practitioners...
Words: 8037 - Pages: 33
...file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Deskto...0BILL%20-%20BUSINESS%20AT%20THE%20SPEED%20OF%20THOUGHT.TXT BUSINESS AT THE SPEED OF THOUGHT by bill Gates ALSO By BILL GATES The Road Ahead BUSINESS AT THE SPEED OF THOUGHT: USING A DIGITAL NERVOUS SYSTEM BILL GATES WITH COLLINs HEMINGWAY 0 VMNER BOOKS A Time Warner Company To my wife, Melinda, and my daughter, Jennifer Many of the product names referred to herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. Copyright (D 1999 by William H. Gates, III All rights reserved. Warner Books, Inc, 1271 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020 Visit our Web site at www.warnerbooks.com 0 A Time Warner Company Printed in the United States of America First Printing: March 1999 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN: 0-446-52568-5 LC: 99-60040 Text design by Stanley S. Drate lFolio Graphics Co Inc Except as file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Admini...SINESS%20AT%20THE%20SPEED%20OF%20THOUGHT.TXT (1 of 392)12/28/2005 5:28:51 PM file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/Administrator/Deskto...0BILL%20-%20BUSINESS%20AT%20THE%20SPEED%20OF%20THOUGHT.TXT indicated, artwork is by Gary Carter, Mary Feil-jacobs, Kevin Feldhausen, Michael Moore, and Steve Winard. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I first want to thank my collaborator, Collins Hemingway, for his help in synthesizing and developing the material in this book and for his overall management of this project. I want to thank four CEOs who read a late draft of the manuscript and...
Words: 146627 - Pages: 587
...NOTE: This PDF document has a handy set of “bookmarks” for it, which are accessible by pressing the Bookmarks tab on the left side of this window. ***************************************************** We are the last. The last generation to be unaugmented. The last generation to be intellectually alone. The last generation to be limited by our bodies. We are the first. The first generation to be augmented. The first generation to be intellectually together. The first generation to be limited only by our imaginations. We stand both before and after, balancing on the razor edge of the Event Horizon of the Singularity. That this sublime juxtapositional tautology has gone unnoticed until now is itself remarkable. We're so exquisitely privileged to be living in this time, to be born right on the precipice of the greatest paradigm shift in human history, the only thing that approaches the importance of that reality is finding like minds that realize the same, and being able to make some connection with them. If these books have influenced you the same way that they have us, we invite your contact at the email addresses listed below. Enjoy, Michael Beight, piman_314@yahoo.com Steven Reddell, cronyx@gmail.com Here are some new links that we’ve found interesting: KurzweilAI.net News articles, essays, and discussion on the latest topics in technology and accelerating intelligence. SingInst.org The Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence: think tank devoted to increasing...
Words: 237133 - Pages: 949
...CR TOPIC-WISE EXERCISES (700-800 LEVEL) 1 The 700-800 Club Critical Reasoning Critical Reasoning Topic 1: CONCLUSION 1. • • • • • 2. In the United States, about $5,200 per person per year is spent on health care, while in Britain the amount is about half that. A recent study indicated that middle-aged white Americans have a significantly higher rate of diabetes and heart disease than do middle-aged white Britons. Even after eliminating from the study the lifestyle differences of diet, exercise, smoking, and drinking, the data showed that the Americans have poorer health than their British counterparts. The statements above, if true, best support which of the following assertions? Health care spending in the United States should be reduced by 50%. More expensive health care causes a higher incidence of certain diseases. The money spent on health care in the United States is not being used effectively. The average health care spending for middle-aged white Americans is probably less than the average health care spending for Americans in general. Something other than diet, exercise, smoking, and drinking must account for the difference in health for the two groups in the study. Spokesperson: In the 2006 election of the city mayor, 55% of the voters were female. All the voters were between ages 18 and 70 and 2/3 of them supported the incumbent mayor. The incumbent mayor won the election with a substantially greater number of votes than any other...
Words: 52762 - Pages: 212
...The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali Introduction, Commentaries, and Translation What are the Yoga Sutras and who is Patanjali? Over fifty different English translations of the Yoga Sutras are extant, standing as a human testament to how Universal Truth is celebrated in terms of a rich diversity. Rather than the common and external type of knowledge (emanating from book knowledge), the following translation and commentary are a result of an intimate familiarity and direct experience both with an authentic yogic tradition and with western culture, psychology, and language that has been refined, tested in fire, and integrated for over thirty five years of intense practice (sadhana). This work is dedicated toward revealing the universal message of authentic yoga that the sage, Patanjali, first wrote down approximately 2000 years ago. Patanjali is not the inventor of yoga, but rather yoga's most popularly known scribe. What has become known simply as the "Yoga Sutras" (sutra means thread) or almost equally as common, as the "Yoga Darshana" (the vision of Yoga), is actually a compendium of an ancient pre-existing oral yoga tradition consisting of both practical advice and theoretical context. The most accepted format of the Yoga Sutras consists of four chapters (called padas) written in the Sanskrit language approximately 2000 years ago in Northern India while utilizing the terminology of the time, i.e., Samkhya philosophical trappings. The dates ascribed to the Yoga Sutras...
Words: 147649 - Pages: 591
...New Medical Devices in the US August 13 2010 Table of Contents 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………2 2. Background and Framework……………………………………………………………………………………………………………4 2.1 Priority Medical Devices for the Netherlands…..……………………………………………………………………4 2.2 The US Vision: From see and treat to predict and prevent……………………………………………………6 2.3 Conclusions…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..7 3. Medical device sector in the US………………………………………………………………………………………………………8 3.1 Economic Impact…..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………8 3.2 The Sector by State…..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………10 3.3 Key Institutes: Patent Applications in the Cluster Areas…..………………………………………………….13 3.4 Conclusions…..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….20 4. Turning research into novel medical devices………………………………………………………………………………….22 4.1 The Medical Device Development Process…..……………………………………………………………………..22 4.2 CIMIT: A Structure for Medical Device Innovation…..………………………………………………………….23 4.3 Stanford Biodesign: Innovation as a Discipline…..………………………………………………………………..26 4.4 Conclusions and Recommendations…..……………………………………………………………………………….28 5. Summary and Conclusions…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….30 6. Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….32 7. References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….33 Appendices A1 Selection of Key Institutes A2 Results Patent Analysis A3 Research...
Words: 34578 - Pages: 139
...Dominic O’Brien is renowned for his phenomenal feats of memory and for outwitting the casinos of Las Vegas at the blackjack tables, resulting in a ban. In addition to winning the World Memory Championships eight times, he was named the Brain Trust of Great Britain’s Brain of the Year in 1994 and Grandmaster of Memory in 1995. He has made numerous appearances on TV and radio and holds a host of world records, including one for memorizing 2,385 random binary digits in 30 minutes. In 2005 he was given a lifetime achievement award by the World Memory Championships International in recognition of his work to promote the art of memory all over the world; and in 2010 he became the General Manager of the World Memory Sports Council. By the same author (all published by Duncan Baird Publishers) How to Develop a Brilliant Memory: Week by Week How to Pass Exams Learn to Remember Never Forget: A Name or Face Never Forget: A Number or Date This edition published in the UK in 2011 by Watkins Publishing, Sixth Floor, Castle House, 75–76 Wells Street, London W1T 3QH Copyright © Watkins Publishing 2011 Text copyright © Dominic O’Brien 2011 Illustrations copyright © Watkins Publishing 2011 Dominic O’Brien has asserted his moral right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identified as the author of this work. Mind Maps® is a registered trade mark of Tony Buzan in the UK and USA. For further information visit www.thinkbuzan.com. All...
Words: 51768 - Pages: 208
