...main parts: the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. The forebrain consists of the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus .The midbrain consists of the tectum and tegmentum. The hindbrain is made of the cerebellum, pons and medulla. Most the time the midbrain, pons, and medulla are called to go together as the brainstem.The cerebrum or cortex is the largest part of the human brain, associated with higher brain function such as thought and action. The cerebral cortex is divided into four sections, called lobes , the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe. The frontal lobe is the cause with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving. The parietal lobe is associated with movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli. The occipital lobe has to do with visual processing. The temporal lobe is associated with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech.A deep furrow divides the cerebrum into two halves, known as the left and right hemispheres. The two hemispheres look mostly symmetrical yet it has been shown that each side functions slightly different than the other. Sometimes the right hemisphere is associated with creativity and the left hemispheres is associated with logic abilities. The corpus callosum is a bundle of axons which connects these two hemispheres.Nerve cells make up the gray surface of the cerebrum which is a little thicker than your thumb. White nerve fibers underneath carry signals...
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...childhood, appear to be unaffected. * Has difficulty feeling, expressing, and controlling his emotions since the accident, even when he is in a situation that should provoke an emotional response, such as learning his girlfriend was also injured in the accident. Other times Mark’s emotions seem to be exaggerated, especially when frustrated. * Reports making poor decisions and behaves impulsively on occasion. For example, he decided to throw a party for 75 people in his one bedroom apartment and he bought a new iPad although he has no money in his bank account. Mark’s behavior has become somewhat erratic and irresponsible. Forebrain Largest of the three brain divisions and the last to evolve. Contains many structures, such as the cerebrum (cerebral cortex), the limbic system, the thalamus, and the basal ganglia. The different parts of the forebrain help to control cognitive, sensory, and motor functioning. The forebrain also regulates temperature, reproductive functions, eating, sleeping, and the display of emotions. As you can see, the forebrain is pretty important to daily life. Thalamus Known as the "great relay station" because all sensory information is routed through the thalamus and relayed to the cerebral cortex for processing. When you taste a piece of pizza, your thalamus gets a taste too! Midbrain Smallest region of the brain, and it primarily plays a role in processing auditory, visual, and pain information. The midbrain is also responsible for initiating...
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...According to the Biology textbook, the human brain begins as a simple neutral tube. Their are three regions, the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain. The cerebrum is the largest portion of the brain in humans. It is the last to receive sensory input and carry out before commanding voluntary motor responses. The cerebrum carries out higher thought processes required for learning and memory and for language and speech. The frontal lobe is located in the front of the hemispheres and is related with memory, emotion, planning, judgement, and aggression. The parietal lobes is located posterior to the frontal lobe and are troubled with sensory reception, and also with taste. The temporal lobe is founded laterally and is related with the learning, memory, hearing, smell, visual recognition, and emotional behavior. Lastly, the occipital lobe is the most posterior lobe and directly serves as the visual center. The KIAA0319 gene is associated with the development of dyslexia. Dyslexia “is a learning disorder characterized by difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and leading how they relate to letters and words”. Their are various amount of symptoms such as late talking, leading new words slowly, reading well below the expected level for your child’s age, difficulty spelling and memorizing, trouble learning a foreign language, and problems with remembering the sequence of things etc. What causes dyslexia? Dyslexia has been linked to certain genes that control...
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...part of the body. The brain takes the message from the sensory nerves and makes sense out of it before sending back a response. Nerves form a network, sending messages to and from the brain every single second. The human brain has four major components the cerebrum, the cerebellum, the brain stem and the limbic system. The cerebrum It is also known as the cortex. It is the largest part of the human brain. Therefore, it goes hand I hand in handling the most critical function of the brain, thoughts ad actions. It is further divided into four sections known as “lobes”. We have the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and temporal lobe. The frontal lobe is concerned with reasoning or thinking, our human speech, our movement and locomotion, emotions and how we solve our problems. The parietal lobe is associated with recognizing people or objects, response to stimuli , our orientation to objects or surrounding and our movement too. The occipital lobe is associated with our vision. The temporal lobe is concerned with helping us recognize stimuli, our memory and also how we speak (our speech). The cerebral corfox is highly folded to give the brain a larger surface area to contain more neurons in it. A deep trench divides cerebrum into two halves; the right and left hemispheres. The hemispheres are symmetrical but they function differently from each side. The...
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...The brain is the control center of the human body. It is protected by the skull and is made up of three main parts, the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the Brainstem. The brain is the boss of the body, it runs the show and controls just about everything one does, even when one’s asleep. (Kidshealth, n.d.) During this brief tour guide of the brain, one will see how the brain fits into the Central Nervous System, how the main parts work together, and what would happen if one of those main parts were damaged. In humans, the nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS), which consist of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which contains all the nerves that run everywhere in the body. The brain and the spinal cord serve as the main processing center for the entire nervous system, and control all the workings of the human body. They work together to let messages flow back and forth between the brain and the body. The biggest part of the brain is cerebrum. The cerebrum is the thinking part of the brain and it controls the voluntary muscles, the ones that move when you want them to. When one is thinking hard, trying to solve a math problem or trying to figure out a video game, one is using the cerebrum. (Kidshealth, n.d.) The cerebrum is made up two sides, the left and right hemispheres. The right half of the cerebrum controls the left side of the body and the left side controls the right side. These two are connected by long neuron branches...
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...The Basal ganglia is located within the cerebral hemispheres which is located in the cerebral hemispheres. The Basal ganglia controls cognition, movement coordination and voluntary movement. 2. Corpus callosum - The Corpus collosum is a thick band of nerve fibers. The fibers divide the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres and it also connects allowing both hemispheres to communicate. The functions of the corpus collosum are; eye movement, the balance and arousal of attention and tactile localization. 3. Temporal lobe - The temporal lobe is one of the four main lobes of the cerebral cortex. The functions of the temporal lobe are; auditory perception, memory, speech and emotional responses. 4. Occipital lobe - The occipital lobe is another one of the four main lobes of the cerebral cortex. The functions of the occipital lobe are; visual perception and color recognition. 5. Frontal lobe - The frontal lobe is one of the four lobes of the cerebral cortex as well and its functions are; problem solving, decision making and planning. 6. Cerebrum - The cerebrum is the biggest part of the brain and also the most developed part of the brain. The functions of the cerebrum are; motor function, touch sensation, it helps to determine your intelligence level and your personality, thinking, perceiving, to name a few. 7. Spinal cord - The spinal cord is composed of nerve fibers and runs from the brain through a canal in the center of the bones of the spine. The spinal...
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...The brain contains a staggering one hundred billion nerve cells, or neurons. The left hemisphere of the brain controls the right side of the body while the right hemisphere of the brain controls the left side of the body. Our brains are made mostly of water 78 percent, fat 10 percent, and protein 8 percent. A living brain is so soft that you could cut it with a butter knife. The brain is not just a mass of tissue; the brain serves as the seat of human consciousness: it stores our memories, enables us to feel emotions, and gives us our personalities. In short words the brain dictates the behaviors that allow us to survive and makes us who we are. The brain consists of three major divisions: (1) the massive paired hemispheres of the cerebrum, which include the Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, and Temporal Lobes on the left and right hemispheres. (2) The brainstem, consisting of the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus, midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.(3) And the cerebellum. The Frontal Lobes are considered our emotional control center and home to our personality. They’re mainly involved in motor function, problem solving, spontaneity, memory, language, initiation, judgment, impulse control, and social and sexual behavior. The front lobes are extremely vulnerable to injury due to their location at the front of the cranium, their...
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...during a synapse. During a synapse the neuron is stimulated and releases sacs which release neuro transmitters to cross and attach onto receptors of the receiving cell. The brain is divided into the forebrain, mid brain, and hindbrain. The hindbrain, which includes the brain tem, upper spinal cord, and cerebellum, coordinates vital bodily functions including respiration and heart rate. Next, the midbrain, located at the upper part of the brain stem, controls reflexes, eye movements, and various voluntary movements. The last division of the brain is the forebrain. The forebrain is the largest and most advanced part of the brain. The forebrain’s core is the cerebrum. The cerebrum holds memories, planning strategies, the ability to imagine and think, read and understand, play games, and recognize friends. The cerebrum has two hemispheres that communicate with each other through nerves that lay at the division of the hemispheres. Interestingly, the right hemisphere controls left body movements and the left hemisphere controls the right body movements. The hemispheres are divided into lobes. The two front lobes, behind the forehead, allow for the ability to plan, imagine, and reason. Behind the frontal lobes are the parietal lobes, which provide for the interpretation of taste, aroma, and texture of food. The third...
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...1. There are a number of clients at the Shady Pines Nursing Home who have suffered neurological damage. Given the limited, and admittedly oversimplified, information provided in your course handbook about the patients at Shady Pines Nursing Home, make an educated guess as to the part of the brain that has been damaged. a. Jo-Marie: Jo-Marie could possibly have damaged her prefrontal cortex which is responsible for executive planning. This could be the explanation for her inability to make future plans and being to impulsive. The prefrontal cortex forms part of the cerebral cortex in the cerebrum, which is located in the forebrain. b. Leonardo: Leonardo’s paralysis of the right side of his body is an indication of damage to the left hemisphere...
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...A Tour of the Brain Nicole Wegner Rasmussen College Author Note This paper is being submitted on July 22, 2014 for Clint Powell’s G148 General Psychology course. A Tour of the Brain I feel there are five major parts of the human brain. These parts are the lobes, brain stem, limbic system, cerebrum, and cerebellum. I would like to take you on a tour of the brain to discuss these parts. We will go over their functions, and the things that contribute to each major part. We will also look at how important the brain is to the central nervous system, and what might happen if you incur damage to a part of your brain. Let us start by looking at the cerebrum, which makes up about 80% of the brain by weight. The cerebrum is the covered by a sheet of neural tissue known as the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex houses the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland. The thalamus is responsible for relaying information from the brain stem and spinal cord to the cerebral cortex. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland control functions like body temperature, sexual response, aggression, and pleasure. The cerebral cortex also holds about 90% of the of the brain’s neurons. The cerebral cortex is made up of four lobes. The frontal lobe is responsible for conscious thought and higher mental functions like, decision making. It also plays an important part in processing short-term memories, and retaining long-term memories. The parietal lobe integrates sensory information from the...
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...The human brain is a specialized organ that is ultimately responsible for all thought and movement that the body produces. This allows humans to interact with their environment by communicating with others and interacting with inanimate objects near their positions. If the brain is not functioning properly, the ability to move, generate accurate sensory information or speak and understand language can be damaged as well. The human brain is interconnected however, three major components an be identified; the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the brain stem. Parts of the brain: Cerebrum: the cerebrum, also known as the forebrain, is the largest portion of the brain, making up 75% of the brain by volume and 85% by weight, and it contains tools responsible for most of the brains function. It is divided into four sections: the temporal lobe, the occipital lobe, parietal lobe, and the frontal lobe. The cerebrum is further divided into a right and left hemisphere. • Frontal Lobe: the frontal lobe is one of the four lobes in the cerebral hemisphere. This lobe controls several elements including creative thought, problem solving, intellect, judgment, behavior, attention, abstract thinking, physical reactions, muscle movements, coordinated movements, smell, and personality. • Parietal Lobe: the parietal lobe is located in the cerebral hemisphere, which focuses on comprehension. Visual functions, language, reading, internal stimuli, tactile sensation, and sensory comprehension are monitored...
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...The Brain Kelly Hart PSY/240 February 14, 2016 Pamela Reeves The Brain The brain is such a fascinating and complex area of the human anatomy. Let’s take a few minutes to learn about the five major structures of the brain, and what they do. As we begin, let’s take a look at the telencephalon first. The telencephalon is part of the cerebral hemisphere, located in the forehead, and is by far the largest division of the brain. The telencephalon, along with the help of the cerebral cortex, the basal ganglia, the hippocampus, and the amygdaloidal nucleus control an array of functions. The telencephalon is instrumental in promoting our language function, voluntary movements, takes in and assesses sensory input, and reconciles complex cognitive systems like learning problem solving, and as mentioned above, language. The basal ganglia located within the telencephalon and the diencephalon contributes to motor function. The hippocampus and the amygdaloidal nucleus located in the lower cortex, play an essential role in emotional expressions. The cerebral cortex brings the telencephalon, basal ganglia, hippocampus, and amygdalin nucleus together coordinating all their functions and maintain the memory of these functions. The diencephalon is divided into two elements: the thalamus and the hypothalamus. The diencephalon is located in the forebrain, and controls a lot of the autonomic functions (subconscious functions) of the peripheral nervous system. The thalamus is a two lobed area...
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...The Brain The brain weighs about three pounds and involves about 10 million neurons ("Major Structures of the Brain", 2008). Cells that support the brain system are known as Glial cells. The brain consists of three major divisions known as the forebrain, the midbrain, and the hindbrain ("Major Structures of The Brain", 2008). The neurons in the brain process information and are the nervous systems transmitting device. Most neurons are broken down into four structures: o The Soma – the cell body which houses and protects the nucleus. o The Dendrite – the branch-like mechanism that the neuron receives information through. o The Axon – the long, thin tube-like structure that carries the information sent from the soma to the terminal buttons. o Terminal Buttons – small knob-like structures at the end of each branch of the axon. These buttons secrete neurotransmitters. The forebrain consists of the telencephalon and the diencephalon. The midbrain consists of the mesencephalon which is then broken down into the tectum and the tegmentum. The hindbrain consists of the metencephalon which is broken down into the cerebellum, pons, and the myelencephalon which is comprised of the medulla oblongata. The telencephalon is at the anterior part of the brain and is made up of the basil ganglia, the cerebral cortex, the olfactory bulb, and the corpus striatum. The functions of the telencephalon are: o Determines Intelligence o Determines Personality o Interprets Sensory Impulses o Organization...
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...Associate Level Material Appendix C Brain Response of Behavior Part I Note: Parts II and III follow below, complete all three. Write a 350- to 700-word response to the following: Explain the communication process of neurons in the brain. List some common neurotransmitters and describe their effect on behavior. Through an electrochemical process, the communication of neurons takes place. Neurons processes all the information in the human body. Neurons are responsible for the transmission of communication in the brain and several parts of the nervous system. Sensory receptors interact with stimuli such as sound, light, pain and temperature which transform into a code that is then carried to the brain by a chain of neurons. When this takes place, systems of neurons within the brain interpret this information. Dendrites play the role for receiving impulses from other neurons and then transmit them to the neuron that they are in. Axons are the fiber that carries the impulses to other dendrites of other neurons.The information is carried along axons and dendrites because of changes in electrical properties which we call action potential. An action potential is initiated when a messenger attaches itself to a receptor. When that occurs, an electrical signal is triggered to be generated through the neuron. Once the signal reaches the end of an axon, which is at the end of a neuron, a neurotransmitter is released and the process repeats. Because of this communication...
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...Color blindness or color vision deficiency is the inability or decreased ability to see color, or perceive color differences, under lighting conditions when color vision is not normally impaired. "Color blind" is a term of art; there is no actual blindness but there is a fault in the development of one or more sets of retinal cones that perceive color in light and transmit that information to the optic nerve Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a group of muscle diseasesthat weaken the musculoskeletal system and hamper locomotion.[1][2] Muscular dystrophies are characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, defects in muscle proteins, and the death of muscle cells andtissue.[3] Blood disorders can lead to poor blood clotting and continuous bleeding. The disorders can result from defects in the blood vessels or from abnormalities in the blood itself, such as in blood clotting factors or in platelets. Ichthyosis (plural ichthyoses) is a heterogeneous family of at least 28,[1] generalized, mostly genetic skindisorders. All types of ichthyosis have dry, thickened, scaly or flaky skin.[1] In many types there is cracked skin,[2] which is said to resemble the scales on a fish; the word ichthyosis comes from the Ancient Greek ιχθύς (ichthys), meaning "fish. Fragile X syndrome (FXS), Martin–Bell syndrome, orEscalante's syndrome (more commonly used in South American countries), is a genetic syndrome that is the most commonly known single-gene cause of autism and the most...
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