...Explain the relationship of the illustrations in Dorothy Tranck de Estrada’s article, “Indian Children in Early Mexico” to her thesis. In Dorothy Tranck de Estrada’s article “Indian Children in Early Mexico” she argues the ideas about childhood which reflected the development of a new culture. This new culture melded Indian and European cultures together and used education towards the emotion of love not fear. Teachers were seen as symbolic which many of the illustrations have shown. The illustrations in this article relate to the thesis because they show the constant change in culture and the influence teachers had on their students. Early practices that evolved and affected later practices of childhood show how “it is necessary to learn in order for historians to understand later developments” [p.11]. The Calmecac School is where the sons of the nobles studied and lived. This is where they learned sacred rites of the priestly class and legal and military studies and could enter at age 5 or early adolescence [p.16]. The illustration of the Calmecac School on pages 16 and 17 shows a drawing of Aztec boys sitting together while their teacher is speaking to them. This relates to her thesis because this is where we get the concept of having an educational background today. Schooling has developed greatly over the years and we have adapted to the idea of living away from home to learn rituals that help us later on in life. The primitive Aztecs started schooling at an early age...
Words: 857 - Pages: 4
...As I twist my mind thinking about the topic that has given to me. I fist thought that this topic is very easy. In connection to easy, it is very short. Now the problem comes up, how I will balance my thoughts into wording in a ten pages essay? It is hard for us to expand the issue of these laconic ideas that build my theme. On the day that this essay project introduced to us, professor said that he asked other seminarian especially the higher year, and they said that the ten pages essay is not enough for them. Yes, for them, but for us, a beginner in the turf of philosophy, it is very difficult to us to do this work and just say 'job well done'. This article of essay project will measure are transcendental ability, to go beyond our limit. Moreover, I think this is lessons that I will learn from this work. We are learning our subject and in the same time, we are exceeding our potentials and widening our mind in the society or community we belong. While I am thinking on how to set up my theme into organized details, brain storming and concept mapping pop in the lead. In addition, I found out that my topic was full of vast ideas. Thinking that my topic was so easy, yes it is so easy but full of thoughts. For me enable to swim this wide ocean of ideas, I need to configure my thoughts and get the pearl of the orient of each subject matter that are included here. The title of my essay is technology and morality. It has a two parts; first, the part one, “the effect of computer...
Words: 2924 - Pages: 12
...‘If’ and ‘Vitai Lampada’ Essay The poem “If-“ is about making possibilities into realities. A good example of this is a boy turning into a man, with the father making a guide to success. "If-" contains a multitude of characteristics deemed essential to the ideal man. They almost all express stoicism and reserve – the classic British "stiff upper lip." It is a didactic poem in the form of a dramatic monologue from the father. The three main ideas behind the poem defining a man are: Patience, Determination and risk-taking. The poem was written in 1895 by Rudyard Kipling, the same time as the Jameson Raid happened in South Africa against Paul Kruger’s Transvaal republic. He states in his 1937 autobiography that this war was the main drive behind writing this poem. We can infer from this that the poem was written as a form of hope after the British failed they’re raid against the Boers. The first theme I will be discussing is patience. The father provides didactic advice to his son to encourage him to remain patient: “If you can keep your head when all about you/Are losing theirs and blaming it on you” Kipling uses the second person pronoun to direct his monologue to the audience in question, his son. The poet asks us to patiently wait for our efforts to reach fruition because all good things take time: If you can wait and not be tired by waiting, Or being lied about, don't deal in lies, Or being hated, don't give way to hating, And yet don't look too good, nor talk too...
Words: 980 - Pages: 4
...A Brief History of Philippine Literature in English I. Pre-Colonial Period - Consisted of early Filipino literature passed down orally; oral pieces have a communal authorship – it was difficult to trace the original author of the piece since oral literature did not focus on ownership or copyright, rather on the act of storytelling itself; - Many oral pieces became lost in the wave of the new literary influence brought about by the Spanish colonization; however, according to the Philippine Literature: A History & Anthology, English Edition (Lumbera, B. & Lumbera C.), the pre-colonial period of Philippine literature is considered the longest in the country’s history; - Literature in this period is based on tradition, reflecting daily life activities such as housework, farming, fishing, hunting, and taking care of the children as well; - Oral pieces told stories which explained heroes and their adventures; they attempted to explain certain natural phenomena, and, at the same time, served as entertainment purposes; - Pre-colonial literature showed certain elements that linked the Filipino culture to other Southeast Asian countries (e.g. oral pieces which were performed through a tribal dance have certain similarities to the Malay dance); - This period in Philippine literature history represented the ethos of the people before the arrival of a huge cultural influence – literature as...
Words: 2082 - Pages: 9
...helped to ruin her relationship with her mother since she was so curious to know about death. As a child Annie should not have been exposed to the concept of death, because it not only changed her view of the world, but also her view of her mother since her mother tried to keep it away from her. A second topic Kincaid explored in "Annie John” was post colonialism. This topic is present throughout the book in the setting, the characters and their mindset, and the Antiguan culture. Post colonialism plays a large role in the storyline, because it is though this setting that Annie struggles to find her identity as a postcolonial subject. Annie is a postcolonial subject, because she is born in Antigua where she is exposed to the aftermath of the colonial powers destruction to her culture. Annie learns to accept that the British are also a part of her culture, despite the corruption the British have caused in her once strong Antiguan culture. In chapter five Annie struggled to find herself while...
Words: 2017 - Pages: 9
...described as “folklore,” “folk literature,” or “mythology,” are spoken aloud. This oral tradition predates written history and prior to the 1700’s there was little evidence of a childhood culture. The stories of oral tradition shared during those times were told to both children and adults (Kiefer, 2010, p.65). These oral stories such as Beowulf, King Arthur, and other ballads were often told by minstrels, adjusted to suit the audience (Kiefer, 2010, p.66). Some early books, such as Elucidarium, were written to provide children with general knowledge. Many children adopted fanciful tales and books for entertainment, such as Gulliver’s Travels and The Arabian Nights, but as these stories were written for adults, they contained adult content beyond the understanding of children readers (Kiefer, 2010, p.67). In 1744, John Newberry, an English publisher, printed Little Pretty Pocket-Book, which is recognized as the first book categorized as children’s literature. This book remains a stark contrast to the early folklore and tragic myths that have been told over the ages because it has easily read games and rhymes to help with the memorization of the alphabet (Kiefer, 2010, p.69). The successful publishing of the first children’s literature brought about a new era of children’s books during the time of Colonial America. These early writings were inspired by John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau, and David Hume who all suggested that education can be improved by letting children read...
Words: 756 - Pages: 4
...My "Eight Cow" Bracelet "Beauty is only skin deep" was a phrase I heard quite often during my awkward childhood. When I was a baby, I had two chins, Michelin Tire legs, and hair that stuck straight up even though it was easily over two inches long. My mom would often dress me in only a diaper on hot days inspiring my uncle to label me with the name of "Marshmallow Butt." It was a name he was quite fond of calling me, even years later. As I grew, the double chin turned into one and a half, the legs stretched into colonial columns, and the hair eventually lay flat. This all happened just in time for puberty-acne and my first training bra when I was only ten. It was during this transitional point in my life that my father began to teach me a valuable and significant lesson regarding beauty and the power of words. During my childhood, my family indulged in a weekly ritual we called family night. We used this time for various activities. We would hold family councils where we truly believed we had a say in important subjects. We would play games and have lessons such as "being kind to your family" or some other moral issue of the time. Sometimes we would sing songs, hear stories from Dad who could rival Mark Twain any day, or spend an hour to two eating ice cream and playing at the park. I am the second child and oldest daughter in a family of ten children, so these weekly "get-togethers" rarely went without some type of fiasco. These fiascoes varied from kicking at...
Words: 1105 - Pages: 5
...Actualizing Free Primary Education in Kenya for Sustainable Development by Mbatha Mathooko, Ph.D. pmathooko@yahoo.com Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya Abstract The right to education is one of the basic human rights stipulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948. In Kenya, this right has recently been livened through the launch of the Free Primary Education program (hence FPE) by the newly elected NARC government. The FPE program is faced with major challenges that range from lack of facilities, few teachers, over-age children, street children, no books, lack of finances and socio-cultural impediments such as HIV-AIDs. The FPE has been received with mixed feelings from different sections of the society. While some have expressed feelings of discontentment, failure, betrayal among others, many low income members of the population view it as a God sent opportunity. While a lot of concern has been raised, little has been advanced concerning the propagation of the actual learning itself. This paper seeks to underscore some of the pertinent issues concerning actual instruction in the FPE program. A glaring gap, which poses a major challenge to the success of the FPE, exists in terms of the language of instruction. The existing language policy disregards mother tongues as tools of disseminating knowledge and does very little to promote them. The paper suggests the training of teachers to equip them with skills in mother tongue instruction...
Words: 3601 - Pages: 15
...Literary Theory and Schools of Criticism Introduction A very basic way of thinking about literary theory is that these ideas act as different lenses critics use to view and talk about art, literature, and even culture. These different lenses allow critics to consider works of art based on certain assumptions within that school of theory. The different lenses also allow critics to focus on particular aspects of a work they consider important. For example, if a critic is working with certain Marxist theories, s/he might focus on how the characters in a story interact based on their economic situation. If a critic is working with post-colonial theories, s/he might consider the same story but look at how characters from colonial powers (Britain, France, and even America) treat characters from, say, Africa or the Caribbean. Hopefully, after reading through and working with the resources in this area of the OWL, literary theory will become a little easier to understand and use. Disclaimer Please note that the schools of literary criticism and their explanations included here are by no means the only ways of distinguishing these separate areas of theory. Indeed, many critics use tools from two or more schools in their work. Some would define differently or greatly expand the (very) general statements given here. Our explanations are meant only as starting places for your own investigation into literary theory. We encourage you to use the list of scholars and works provided for each...
Words: 11786 - Pages: 48
...yet it contains the remnants of the once powerful Zulu tribe. The history of the Zulu people is rather short in comparison to other tribes in Africa. In this essay I hope to briefly discuss the Zulu history, what makes them unique, the Zulu religion, the interaction with the British colonial groups, how the Zulu nation came to come into power, and where the present day Zulu people stand in society today. It is not known exactly when or how the Zulu tribe came into existence, but it is thought it originated around the 1620’s. Because there is no real evidence that describes the origin of the Zulu people, one has to filter through some of the local folklore of the native people of what is now Natal. It is said that a man named Malandela and his wife, Nozinja, are said to have lived a nomadic life in the Babanango which is located in the northern part of Natal. In their search for grazing land for their cattle and better hunting grounds, Malandela and Nozinja eventually came upon an area of Natal where thy discovered the Mandawe Hill. This hill lies a few miles outside the present day town of Eshowe and provided an excellent view of his grazing cattle and an incredible amount of wild game. This legend continues with Malandela leaving the Mandawe Hill and going back to the Babanango to “join his ancestors.” 1 After Malandela’s death, Nozinja decided to immigrate north and take her son, Zulu. As the little household belonged to a patriarchal society, Zulu became its...
Words: 1848 - Pages: 8
...Impact of Societal Social Institutions on People These embody all the ideas and beliefs of members of the society about how they think their lives should be organized. Dominant ideas and beliefs are those usually of the ruling class or the rich and powerful and tend to be the ones people find legitimate. Minority and weaker beliefs are also apart of the social institution but are not felt to be legitimate by the majority of the society and so may be suppressed and alienated. These ideas are normally in competition with one another for supremacy. So how can ideas be the building block of an entire society. Each institution becomes tangible through social organizations. So religious beliefs of the Christian are made tangible through the church. The ideas and beliefs forming the institution become concrete in the society through social organisations which reflect how these ideas are held. In each institution there are values (ideas on how something should be ranked in society), norms (yardsticks and standards that have evolved on how we should act), statuses (assigned positions or locations), and roles (expectations of behaviour). They are then the fundamental building blocks of society and vary over time and are based on the ideals which the people of the society have on accomplishing the tasks of living together collectively The Family Nancie Solien defines the family as "group of people bound by that complex set of relationships known as kinship ties“. It is the basic unit within...
Words: 4039 - Pages: 17
...Bicol University College of Social Sciences and Philosophy Daraga, Albay Philippines: It’s Cultural Elements Prepared by: Christian M. Baleta Lyka A. Madrid Jhomarisse Mijares AB English 4-A A. Introduction Official Flag Comprehensive Maps (Philippines at Day, Night and Political maps) FACT FILE ABOUT THE PHILIPPINES | OFFICIAL NAME | Republic of the Philippines | FORM OF GOVERNMENT | Republic with two legislative bodies (Senate and House of Representatives) | CAPITAL | Manila | AREA | 300, 000 sq.km (115, 830 sq.miles) | TIME ZONE | GMT + 8 hours | POPULATION | 92,681,453 (2008 estimate) | POPULATION DENSITY | 264.5 per sq.km (685 per sq.mile) | LIFE EXPECTANCY | 70.8 years (2008 estimate) | OFFICIAL LANGUAGES | Filipino, English | OTHER LANGUAGES | About 87 indigenous languages | LITERACY RATE | Total 96.3 percent (2005 estimate) Female 96.2 percent (2005 estimate)Male 96.3 percent (2005 estimate) | RELIGIONS | Roman Catholic (83%), Protestant (9%), Muslim (3%), Buddhist and Other (3%) | ETHNIC GROUPS | Malay (95.5%), Chinese (1.5%), Other (3%) | CURRENCY | Philippine Peso | ECONOMY | Services (48%), Agriculture (42%), Industry (10%) | GNP Per Capita | US$1,050 | GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP in U.S.$) | $117.6 billion (2006) | CLIMATE | Tropical with wet season June to November | HIGHEST POINT | Mount Apo (2, 954 m, 9, 692 feet) | LARGEST CITIES (BY POPULATION) | Quezon City 2,390,688 (2005 estimate)...
Words: 10682 - Pages: 43
...Belonging This essay discusses defines belonging. It identifies some elements of belonging, and focuses on selected few. It discussed concept of belonging from my perspective and looks at the significant of that from Aboriginals perspective based on research. It gives a brief history of the cruel nature of colonisation, its impact on Aboriginals and how this colonial mentality is perpetuated through discrimination to the Indigenous Australian disadvantage. It states why the policy introduced by the government does not sound promising, what the Aboriginals wants and human rights implications in the issues facing the Aboriginals. Definition of belonging Belonging is the connection and relationship of individual with the world around him/her. (Jacques Dufresne….) Even though belonging has physical components, it can be felt individually, and develops to diverse stages with time and circumstances. This means that human state of belonging is not permanent. The status of belonging can be explicated by the choices that people make. The concept of belonging Analysing and reviewing sense of belonging I approached it by applying to my own being-that I belong to a family, my mother and fatherland, an ethnic/cultural group, a religious, professional and community groups. Within these groups I have forged good relations. The thrives that keep this profound affiliation going for me is the values we share, that include honesty, caring, sharing, participation, inclusion and respect...
Words: 4541 - Pages: 19
...The Psychology of Racism Introduction Throughout history the superiority of the winners has been connected to a denial of feelings - what, in the British empire, was called the stiff upper lip. The conquerers of nature and "natives" claimed their right to the world as their possession because they had first conquered themselves. Powerful people get others to do their bidding. It is the people that they subordinate who are forced to make adapt their lives to their masters bidding. The people with power can look aloof, calm and collected because they find it is easier to appear to be like this. They have the easier life, they are not being treated like beasts of burden, they are not being robbed and murdered. The ideology and culture of power often turns things upside down. Distress is the result of subordination and in human relationships the emotional display of distress then becomes the proof of inferiority. It proves that you need "protection". It becomes part of the power way of thinking, embedded in the culture, that the unemotional life style is evidence of superiority. The "Stiff upper lip" is the way you hold your face so as not to smile, snarl or cry. It is colonialism in facial expression when times, occaisionally, don't go so well. In contrast the emotional excitability of "the natives" proves their inferiority, it proves they have to be 'civilised'...
Words: 5489 - Pages: 22
...The End of Democracy 5 5.0 The Process of Re-equilibration 5 6.0 Conclusion 6 LIST OF MODELS Model 1: Relationship of Legitimacy, Efficacy and Effectiveness towards Stability and Performance 3 THE BREAKDOWN OF DEMOCRATIC REGIMES: CRISIS, BREAKDOWN & REEQUILIBRATION Introduction Many existing literature on the collapse of the democracy concentrated on rises of nondemocratic political powers or the fundamental structural tension that lead to the breakdown of democratic institution. In this publication, author, Juan J. Linz is giving attention to dynamic of the political process of breakdown by referring to tragic consequences of democratic collapse in German, Spain and Chile. This attention has begun during the author childhood where he was concerned with the fate of Spanish democracy, the fate his as citizen. This concern later had shared with Alfred Stepan who writes a dissertation on the breakdown of democracy in Brazil. Both of them get support and attention from many people and agencies. The focus firstly gets attention at the Seventh World Congress of Sociology at Varna, Bulgaria in 1970. In year 1973, with the support from the Concilium of International and Area Studies of Yale University, and the Joint Committee on Latin America of Social Science Research Council and the American Council of Learned Societies, Linz and Stepan chaired the conference. With the contribution of their publication later on has influence other contributors to give attention to...
Words: 1773 - Pages: 8
