...How has the concept of childhood changed though history? Children have been apart of history as long as human beings have existed, however Prior to modern day notion of childhood, Children and childhood appears to be something that traditional historians have never considered, one of the many reasons that became of interest was due to the idea that childhood was a social construction. However the traditional view for a long time is that children were essentially little adults and the most famous proponent of this theory was a French historian named Philippe Aries he wrote a controversial book called the centuries of childhood. His view was that the crucial point in the construction or invention of childhood is something that happened, especially in the 18th and the early nineteenth century, however since 1985 and 1990 there have been a vast amount of theories which have criticised Aries concepts on childhood. Aries tapped into a common belief about the middle ages, which is if the Middle Ages generally was different than it must have been different in terms of children too, so they must not have loved their children and they must not have taken good care of them. Thus taking us to the centre of the argument, being that people in the middle ages and early modern Europe had a lot of children as a sort of self defence mechanism to not invest as much in their children because they knew that half of their children would die before they reached adolescents or adulthood . For...
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...Topic; Non-traditional families are becoming the new normal in the United States. Discuss and compare the traditional family and non-traditional families. Family pattern has changed greatly due to industrialization and urbanization since the nineteenth century. Another factor which has been involved in those changes is the growing intervention of the state, by legislative action, in the domestic affairs of the family. As a result of these trends, the modern “nuclear” family has been substituted for the traditional extended family. The increase of values such as individualism and egalitarianism has influenced the patterns of modern family. Although traditional and modern families share similarities in terms of constitutional concept and milieu of love and care, they have several differences in term of family size and gender roles. Traditional and modern families share a lot of similarities. As the traditional family was, modern family is still an institutional component of western societies. In other words, both are a “unit structure” or “basic organism” of which society is composed. As an institution, traditional and modern families similarly have to complete functions such as procreation and socialization of children. For example, even though the modern family has decreased in size, it is still the common environment where children are born; receive a moral education, where their tendencies are disciplined and where their aspirations are encouraged. Therefore, to reassure...
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...Between Traditional and Modern Society From the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century till the present day, the shift between tradition and modernity has developed incredibly. The relationship between traditional and modern society, also known as ‘Mass society,’ is distinguished between the past and present, along with continuity and change. The establishment of different inventions and customs from traditional society have been handed down from generations to generations, which help shape modern society. However, one may wonder, what are the main features from traditional society that have made a dramatic impact for life today? Also, is one more sympathetic to one society, than the other? Traditional and modern families have several differences in terms of family honour, gender roles in the labour force and marriage, along with the role of government on legitimate killings and the food markets. Furthermore, technology from the industrial revolution, such as, the automobile, coal mines, and steam engines also played a great role. Thus, through the many different concepts, the role of family, government and technology, one can see that modern society is better developed and more individualistic than traditional society. FAMILY In traditional society, the honour of one’s family is based on the behaviour of the family as a whole. An individual who does something wrong, can affect not only their own honour, but also the honour of the entire family. This results in a downfall...
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...illnesses medical, spiritual, and psychological care. A physician named Dame Cicely Saunders first proposed the thought of specialized care for the terminally ill in 1963, and in 1967 she founded the first modern hospice in a residential suburb of London (“History of Hospice Care,” 2010). This was the beginning of modern day hospice care which provides patients the humane and compassionate care that is beneficial to people that are in their last phases of incurable diseases, so that they may live as much as possible and as comfortably before they pass away (“Hospice Care,” 2011). The Hospice viewpoint is that death is the final stage of life, they support life, and neither rush nor delay death (“Hospice Care, 2011). The ultimate goal of any hospice is to assist patients live their last days on earth as a alert and as pain-free as possible (“Hospice Care,” 2011). Hospice care is helpful when a patient can no longer benefit from any type of treatment for his or her disease. Instead of a traditional hospital that treats the disease as opposed to the person, hospice strives to treat the person not just what is causing him or her to be ill (“Hospice Care,” 2011). There is more of an emphasis on palliative treatment rather than curative treatment; quality of life is more significant...
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...my opinion, of the classical sociologists, Emile Durkheim stands out as the most relevant to modern sociology. I believe that his first-hand exposure to societies shift into an industrial nature, although temporally brief, allowed him to a more comprehensive view of how sociology would impact the future. In addition, Durkheim through his writing sought to encompass the large picture of society through the concept of structural functionalism. By analyzing social morality Durkheim attempted to bring a greater understanding to how our day to day interactions were knitted into the social fabric. The rules of how we should and should not behave, have a clear bearing on our interactions with others as well as the development of others perceptions....
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...Modernism in the Metamorphoses and the depiction of Modern man The modernist movement in literature began around the turn of the century and created a dramatic change in the way that authors viewed their work. The new breed of writers were extremely affected by the new perception of the world and our place as human beings in it. WW2 was on the verge of the beginning, and the literary world was expressing their fears and attitudes toward their impending doom through their writing. Modernism has a few key themes that Franz Kafka follows throughout his piece ‘The Metamorphosis”. One of the most common themes among popular modernist literature are the rejection of literary tradition through experimentation with a darker style writing. Surrealism was common among pieces which often involved the decaying of the human existence that was occurring in the (at the time) current, more face-paced, disconnected society. In this paper, my goal is to show modernism in “Metamorphoses” and highlight the factors which make Gregor, the epitome of modern man. The isolation and despair that Gregor experienced is obvious from the start. From the very first sentence of the story we notice this solitude. Gregor is lying on his bed in a shape of a gigantic insect and there is nobody around to help him. This theme of isolation is even more present in the rest of the story as we see that Gregor can't depend on anyone for support. He locks himself in his room when he is...
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...everyone should have the right to make choices about their lives and healthcare options. However their deaths are a whole different story. A quality of death is as important as a quality of life. However, modern technology has made it easier to live than to die. Everyone should have a choice concerning both their lives and their deaths. These choices should be based on an individual level, as everyone has their own level of well-being. Euthanasia and the Right to Die The voluntary moral permissibility of active euthanasia is based on the values of self-determination and individual well-being. Although euthanasia involves the deliberate killing of an innocent person, so does withdrawing life-sustaining treatment at a patients request and allowing the patient to die. The concept of a good death is something humans have contemplated since the beginning of time. It is also a concept that has changed significantly over time. In prehistoric time death was nonparticipartory, meaning that the person dying did not play apart in his or her own death, but rather death was experienced by the survivors. In premodern time death happened at home involving the dying person, the family, and the community. In modern times death would occur in hospitals controlled by physicians. The dying person and his or her family member had little to no participation in determining goals of care. Nowadays death occurs both at home and in institutions with a major emphasis on patient’s autonomy and respect for...
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...than optimal because they are unable to pay for services because of lack of insurance (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). Ethnicity is a reference to a collective identity, a sense of uniqueness within the larger society, and a distinction from nonmembers. Ethnicity denotes a sharing of customs, food, dress, music, religion, and of symbols, such as language, among those who see themselves as fellow members of the group (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). An ethnic group may have “common geographic origins, family patterns, language, religion, values, traditions, symbols, music, dietary preferences, and employment patterns” (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). The ethnic group includes those members with the sense of belonging to the collective identity. A traditional method of maintaining, protecting, and restoring health requires the knowledge and understanding of health related resources from within a given person’s cultural heritage and community. These methods may be used instead of or along with modern...
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...avoided producing children. I ask few of friends and my family if they were in marriageable age whether they would get married or not. Most of people’s answer is that they would get married. But the marriageable age is no longer twenty-five or twenty-six, it transforms maybe after thirty. And their reason is because in recent year the news which about the marriage is always not good. So they say that the bad news will affect those women who postpone marriage. Women will not have confidence in marriage. And they need to face the problem that is from two different families, it is because of the concepts of two families are not exactly so match. When the relationship which is boyfriend and girlfriend is simple, they just think anything about themselves. But when they become a marriage relationship, they need to consider anything about two families. That is why someone will deem that single is better than marriage. I analyzed the various factors why women would postpone the marriage. First, this is the twenty-firth century, all women have been educated. In recent year, the women mean is not like the mean in olden days. The women mean have been raised, and the recent mean about sexes is equality. Married women in modern life do not rely on their husbands as much as women used to do; instead, they have their own ideas and opinions. Now, women have decision-making power and economic power. Those changes result in the concept of marriage. Women want to maintain the right of themselves...
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...The Importance of Islamic Accounting in Modern Era by: Chusnul Asfadillah Student of Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia +62899 372 1772 Ines Nur Latifah Student of Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia +62878 8432 3738 DR. Raditya Sukmana Lecturer of Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia + 62 878 5421 6776 ABSTRACT Purpose – This paper aims to determine the importance of the Islamic Accounting in modern era. In particular, the paper analyzes the values of the Islamic principles in the accounting process that prevent the unexpected activity such as fraud, dishonest etc to appear in reality. Arthur Anderson case was a result of the fraudulent activities that lead to its termination. Certainly this kind of case is expecting not to be happened in the future. Design/methodology/approach – The paper adopts the descriptive analysis and elaboration of the important element of the Islamic principles used in the accounting process. Furthermore, this paper attempt to make clear distinction between values underlying the Islamic accounting and that of the conventional accounting. Findings – the comparison of those two systems leads to the conclusion that the value in Islam such as honest, fair, truth (which is important in the Islamic accounting process) has more meaning than the similar value of in the conventional accounting. Hold firmly the Islamic value obviously leads to the decrease fraudulent practices and other unexpected activities. Moreover, it increases the social...
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...SCLY1 (Old Specification) Past Exam Questions Although June 2016 will be a new specification and exam structure much of the material you have learnt in families and households applies to the new exam. Below are examples of questions taken from the old exam papers that you should practice writing plans for as they are still relevant. However there are a few key differences: * The question you will answer will be worth 20 marks not 24 marks. * You will have 30 minutes to write a 20 mark answer. * The essays will consist 4 paragraphs and a conclusion containing new information. How to use this document: * Use the extract from the mark scheme and examiners’ advice to create essay plans of the questions. * You may not have heard of all of the concepts in the mark scheme but there should be at least some that are familiar to you. * The examiner’s advice usually outlines bad, moderate and good answers to the question so pick out the ways in which you can achieve top band and incorporate this into your plan. June 2015 Examine the impact of government policies and laws on family life. [24 marks] From the mark scheme: Concepts and issues such as the following may appear: patriarchy; familism; surveillance; ideological control; gender regimes; marital breakdown; family structure; family diversity; welfare dependency; underclass; reserve army of labour Policies/laws on abortion; divorce; contraception; reproductive technology; marriage; adoption; pensions; benefits; taxes;...
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...as well as the life of others around the world. They emphasize emotions and reveal what is accepted as important in a society. These literary techniques are not reserved for books but also include plays, movies, and other mediums. William Shakespeare uses his play, “Macbeth,” to demonstrate the importance of universal human concepts,...
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...Nursing theory is assumed as the body of information, which is used to assist the nursing practice. Nursing models are created with theories and perceptions. They are used to assist nurses assess, plan and implement patient care by delivering an outline within which to work. Nursing models also assist the nurses to accomplish consistency and unified care. This presentation shall examine the importance of Dr. Jean Watson’s theory of caring in today’s nursing practice, its relation to metaparagidm concepts and how the theory help us to improve the current nursing practices. Watson delivers many valuable impressions for nursing practice. •Watson ties different theories together which are frequently being used in clinical nursing practice. •The comprehensive explanations of the care factors which can provide direction to the nurses who desire to train as a bedside nurse or do nursing research. “Her accomplishments are the following - Recipient of numerous awards counting: an international Kellogg Fellowship in Australia, a Fulbright Research Award in Sweden and six Honorary Doctoral Degrees, including 3 International Honorary Doctorates (Sweden, United Kingdom, and Quebec) She was the 1993 recipient of the National League for Nursing Martha E. Rogers Award, which identifies a nurse academic who has made substantial donations to nursing information that advances the science of caring in nursing and health sciences. New York University recognized her as a Distinguished Nurse...
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...question..." (Act III, Scene I). This quote is not only one of the most popular quotes in history of literature, but also one that describes Hamlet’s dramatic situation after his father’s death, when he contemplates suicide as an option. This dramatic story is considered one of the greatest in history and, for many people, the best book written by Shakespeare. The influence of Shakespeare’s Hamlet in many modern narratives can be easily identified. Scott Leslie’s presentation is a good example of how Hamlet’s tragedy has influenced modern authors to write similar stories like “The Lion King”. In fact, Scott literally said, “The Lion King is the light version of Hamlet”. The story of Hamlet is based on revenge and Hamlet’s internal conflicts. Revenge is a concept that is not well considered today due to the strong moral values the society seems to have. However, anyone with my same perception of both modern justice and honor will claim that Hamlet’s revenge is justified. The first point to be discussed in order to demonstrate that Hamlet’s revenge is justified is the concept of justice. Many people will state that revenge has nothing to do with justice and it is nothing else than a primitive behavior. However, what is justice? According to Oxford’s dictionary, “justice is the quality of being fair and reasonable”. However, it can be said that today’s justice is based on punishment and in many occasions on mistreatment. Justice does not treat very differently a person that steals...
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...The Perpetual preservation of modern society In the world we see around us today society is ever evolving due to a number of factors which consists of economics, politics, geography etc. but the most vital factor that is indeed affecting this society is no doubt the sociology of the world. “Sociology is based on the assumption that variations in the behavior of persons or groups in the society are attributable to their class or other strategic position in the social structure and that individuals so differentially placed will vary systematically in their interests, attitudes and conduct on the basis of distinct social attributes”(Bell,155). In simpler terms this would no doubt just be the anthropological understanding of the world around us. An academic definition of sociology would be the study of social behaviour which would comprise of authentic sources, expansion, organizations and instuations. Furthermore if we look back in history from the time of the industrial revolution till current times you will notice a major change within our society. Within this critical essay I will examine from various angles the differentiation between modernity and tradition. Modern society has proven to be a positive aspect in the world we are living in today, therefore it is essential that we abide and adopt to this from of understanding in our lives . Tradition in 21st century is seen as “old”, Barbaric and uncilivzed. Modernity on the other hand in current times is perceived to...
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