...WOMEN UNIVERSITY IN AFRICA FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND GENDER DEVELOPMENT STUDIES PROGRAMME : MSc DEVELOPMENT STUDIES COURSE : PERSPECTIVES IN DEVELOPMENT INTAKE : 5 NAME : NOBUKHOSI NCUBE STUDENT ID : W120979 LECTURER : DR E.S MAKURA ASSIGNMENT: Karl Marx theory shed light on the understanding of relations of people in the society. Discuss. DUE DATE : 06 APRIL 2013. Karl Max’s theory shed light on the understanding of relations of people in the society. Discuss The epistemology of the Karl Marx theory is of the premise that the history of all existing societies is the history of class struggles. Scholars have had a long standing debate on the significance of Karl Marx’s theory of class conflict. The other party argues that the theory of class conflict helps in the understanding of relations of people in society. In contradiction, there are scholars who believe the theory does not help much in understanding societal relations. This essay seeks to establish how the Karl Marx Theory shed light on the understanding of relations of people in the society. In this context society is defined as a group of people in general living together in organized communities with laws and traditions controlling the way that they behave towards one another. Society is divided into three classes namely aristocrats in the upper class, bourgeoisie in the middle and the down liners...
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...reaction that reflects the views of conflict theory. The Occupy Movement arose worldwide in September of 2011 as a protest against social and economic disparity. Protesters flooded Wall Street in protest of corruption, greed, and general inequality. Occupy Wall Street inspired the world, sparking occupy protests across 82 different countries, taking place in over 950 cities. Because the movement became so massive, the Occupy Movement suffered for the same reason it prospered; though many took part in the protest, the more people showed up, the more the motive became less and less clear, no one leader being present among the entire protest who was able to represent the entire protest....
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...Control and Conflict Theories Ben Lott CJA/542 March 26, 2012 Cheryl Reyes Comparison of Social Control and Conflict Theories Social Control Theory These two theories have been open for discussion for many years, and have become two of the major theories concerning crime. These two theories examine the inner portions of crime to family environments as well as the social aspects of crime. This paper aims to compare the two theories, and by opinion choose the one that I think directly relates to crime issues in the present state. Social Control Theory touches bases relating to social norms, such as social bonding, commitment, moral values, and beliefs as to regarding why people do not commit crime while also it believe that these same portions of the theory will cause the commission of crimes. Most people view this theory as an “motivational” while dismissing the motivational evidence as a leading contributor to crime. One more prominent Social Control theorists is Travis Hirschi. According to Hirschi (1969) viewed the motivations as so “natural to human beings that no special forces were necessary to explain law-breaking” (Hirschi, 1969, pg.1). Human beings are very busy objects, and they will run wild if not controlled by some form of social control or norms to curb their behavior. Supporters of this theory believe that...
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...and attainment. This essay will Identify and evaluate key policy developments in education provision designed to bridge the gap of gender inequality in British education. The role of education in society has been among the major issues in contemporary sociological and political debate. According to Iannelli and Paterson (2005) education is a major factor that helps determine the jobs and social class positions of individuals in society. As an institution of sociology, education plays a dominant role in transmitting prevalent ideologies of society by providing pupils with the curriculum and hidden curriculum as well as the skills that will prepare them physically, mentally and socially for their life chances (Clark 2005). Educational institutions play a very important role in reducing social inequalities. Over the last century British schools experienced very important changes and moved from a selective system to a comprehensive one in the 1960s and 70s. Much research has shown that the move from a selective to a comprehensive system in the UK had a positive effect in reducing gender and social inequality (Leicester et al 2000; Ianneli and Paterson 2005). Gender has been viewed as one of the most important influence on educational attainment in the UK and other parts of the world. Across European and British schools there has been a much greater awareness of gender equality...
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...Social Conflict Social Conflict theory states that society is controlled by the struggle between social classes for resources, essentially the rich controlling the poor. The main cause of problems, according to the social conflict theory, is the exploitation and domination of the less fortunate groups by those more fortunate Conflict theorists view inequality as wrong. Conflict theory sees social change as rapid, continuous, and inevitable as groups seek to replace each other in the social The social conflict theory often focuses on questions such as how does society divide its population, how do advantaged people protect their privileges or how do the disadvantaged challenge the system and seek change? One example of this would be Crime; Conflict theorists would argue that both crime and the laws defining it are products of a struggle for power. They say that a few powerful groups control the legislative process and that these groups ban behavior that threatens their interests. For example, laws prohibiting trespassing, and theft are said to be designed to protect the wealthy from attacks by the poor. But laws against such things as murder and rape are not clearly in the interests of a certain social class, the poor and powerless are much more likely than the wealthy to be arrested if they commit such crimes. Conflict theorists also see class and ethnic exploitation as a basic cause of many different kinds of crime. Much of the high crime rate among the poor, they argue...
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...The Impact of Sociological Theories in Education SOC101 Sheila Schmitz May 7, 2012 Education is the key to success in a person’s life. Not being educated people would be hurting just to try and get through day to day life situations. There are three main theories that help with understanding education and that is functionalist theory, the conflict theory, and the interactionist theory. Theory helps us comprehend why different groups may disagree about how they view social problems, but why they all believe they are right (Vissing, Y., 2011, Chap 1.6). Education could be the difference from getting a low paying job or a high paying job. Education also plays a huge role in helping you to understand things better, it helps your social skills, the way people view you and also the way you view yourself. Functionalism Functionalism approach held that all social structures (institutions or stable units of society) exist because they fulfill some specific functions (Vissing, Y., 2011, Chap 1.6). They view schools as an institution to educate the next generation to give them the knowledge and skills to prepare the youth in their future occupational jobs and leadership roles. The functionalist theory also views all the ways education serves the need of society. Functionalists such as Parsons and Durkheim believe that the school environment is a microcosm (small version) of the adult occupational world and therefore prepare students for their future (Casey Kingsland...
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...Karl Marx: The conflict theory Joann Gardner SOC 101 (GSP1237D) Christopher Sites September 21, 2012 INTRODUCTION: The conflict theory focuses on the negative aspects of our changing society. This Theory rests on the premises that the history of society of class struggles, and over Powered with wealth and power, throughout this paper I will explain my personal View of sociology and provide evidence of the conflict theory, which will lead to The reasons for choosing this theory. Karl Marx (1818-1883) argued that it is tension and conflict that motivates us to Think and act differently (Vissing, Y. 2011). My personal view of this theory is that it Argues that the competition of individuals and groups for wealth and power is Fundamental process shaping social structure. There are so many people that are Overthrown with wealth and power until they forget the society and what it faces. Our economy is suffering with no help from those with all the power, rather than Working together to solve the problem, they are fighting against one another, our Attitudes and behavior plays a great deal in the way we think...
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...Groomer Behavioral Theory Analysis Conflict Theory The Conflict Theory holds that crime results from conflict in society among the different social classes, and that laws actually arise from necessity as a result of conflict, rather than a general consensus (2014, 01). For the conflict theorist, the answer has to do with the balance of power and privilege in society. Everything from, material goods to quality education to religious freedom is in short supply, and therefore the typical relationship among groups in society are in competition and conflict. Conflict theorists are typically categorized according to which inequalities they prioritize (2014, 02). Deviance and Power, this theory suggests that who or what is labeled as deviant depends on who has the most power. The so called small “power elite” in our society are much less likely to carry the stigma of deviance than anyone else in t he community (2012, 01). Even if they have committed deviant behavior it is much less likely they will be labeled as deviant because of their power status. Consider a president of a company and a garbage truck driver,. They both get caught with heroin, it is most likely you will never hear about the president being caught because he has the money and power to get off lightly. The garbage truck driver however, will receive full punishment and everyone will know about it. Your social status goes a long way in...
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...Self-Control Theory of Crime Evaluation Jonathan Fowler AJS542 February 5, 2014 Chris Kowalski Self-Control Theory of Crime Evaluation The social control theory and the conflict theory have differences and various similarities. Both theories have been used to talk about the occurrence of from in contemporary American society, and it is important to discuss them both. The effects of both positive and negative reinforcement on crime must be considered in these theories and their structure. Criminality is a large part of any society within the United States, that the way we handle the criminals, and why they develop their criminal behavior are important considerations in an effort to reduce the amount of criminal activity in our society. There are many different theories that try and figure out how criminal behavior is learned and grown and creates itself inside a person. Some people believe that there are some people that are just born to be bad, but most theories have an idea that they are taught the behavior in which they act. When a person is born into a neighborhood and are raised in a community that promotes criminal behavior as a way to live, it becomes a part of them. An individual can choose a different path to live by, if they set their minds to doing something else, on something better, the individual can avoid criminal behavior Conflict Theory Conflict theories focus on the political nature of the crime and examine the creation and application of criminal...
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...morning we will be discussing the topic, Social Stratification. In this presentation we will define Social Stratification and compare and contrast the functionalist and conflict perspectives on this topic. We will also discuss some of the major problems associated with Social Stratification as well as some of the major agents that teach our gender roles and social class. So what is Social Stratification? Social Stratification refers to a situation in which people are divided into distinct groups ranked at different levels. In other words it is the hierarchical arrangement of social classes within a society. An example would be the Hindu caste system, where different castes have different levels of status depending on their supposed degree of religious purity. Social Stratification is patterned social inequality, by saying that inequality is patterned indicates that differences occur on a wide-scale, with regularity and along the lines of certain specific, identifiable characteristics. For example race, class or gender. And it is also the unequal distribution of societal resources. Stratification is based on three major premises; power, prestige and property. Power which refers to the ability to impose one’s will on others. Prestige, the respect given to others and then there is Property which is the different forms of wealth. There are four fundamental principles of Social Stratification. The first is Social Stratification is a characteristic of society...
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...Conflict Theory Corey Ware The conflict theory was developed by Karl Marx in order to figure out what brings about civilization. Civilization is brought out by Marx as an aspect that is influenced by conflicts. According to Karl Marx, there are two social classes of people; capitalists and the working class. These two classes represent the ruling class as well as the subject class. Karl Marx explained that the subject class is always under the ruling class. The ruling class controls all the aspects of productivity. This can be further explained by what happened during the colonial period. During that time, the ruling class was more domineering and they used their influence to control the rest of the society. This group of individuals can also be defined as the capitalists. The capitalists control and have direct access to all the social and political positions. The working class is misused by the capitalists in order to produce and generate huge amounts of income for the ruling class (Shepard, 2009, p. 22). According to the theory, individuals are always involved in conflicts in order to control others. This means that individuals will always struggle to reach the ruling class in order to earn more money, to accumulate enough capital that might help them rule the rest of the community. There are many benefits that are associated to the ruling class. One of them is that these individuals have total control over many resources. This...
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...Structural theories One of the theories is Marxism who studies society on a macro perspective so they generate a lot of statistics. They concentrate a lot on class and believe there is conflict between two opposing classes’ bourgeoisie and working class. They have a similar view to the social action theory and that view is in society there is struggle between the powerful and the powerless. They also have a view on feminism and that is it’s not just men who exploit women but also capitalist. Their view is capitalism is the root of all exploitation which also creates competition between social classes. They have views on the role of the family and they believe family maintains capitalism. They have a very strong opinion on school and believe education reproduce a passive workforce for capitalism as in students are taught workers should accept their position and that causes less conflict for the capitalists. They also believe education creates class inequality as in upper class are meant to succeed whilst lower class are meant to fail. They believe school is just preparation for the work force as in the rules students are told follow. This creates ideological dominants by the school as they promote the rich stay rich and the poor stay poor. They also believe that education reproduces the public structure. The Marxist theory has been criticised by other theories which is typical in sociology. Functionalists believe they focus too much on class and need to look more at ethnicity...
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...sociologists interpret social life and place the theory into one of three major frameworks. A theory is a statement pertaining to how some parts of the world fit together and how they work. (Henslin, 2013) The three theories sociologists have created are based on observations made while examining social life during interactions at the macro level and micro level. These theories include: symbolic interactionism, functional analysis and conflict theory. The main focus of symbolic interactionism is that symbols, those to which we formulate meaning, help us to understand how we view the world and communicate with one another. (Henslin, 2013) Symbolic interactionism observes face-to-face interaction on the microsociological level. When we look at objects and give them meaning, we know how to behave in the various relationships of our world. Symbolic interactionism is present everywhere in our daily lives. If we view a stop sign while driving, we know that this symbol requires us to stop. George Herbert Mead (1863-1931) is a sociologist and one of the founders of symbolic interactionism. Mead taught his views on symbolic interactionism at the University of Chicago. After his death, many of his lectures were compiled into a book, Mind, Self and Society. (Henslin, 2013) The second theory, functional analysis, is based on the idea that society is made up of interrelated parts that work together in harmony as a whole. (Henslin, 2013) Functional analysis theory observes events that...
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...The Marxist model of class structure and conflict with reference to the Caribbean. Class refers to one’s position in the socialhierarchy based on accessibility to wealth, power, privilege and ownership of the means of production. Sociology has a number of sociological theories that attempt to explain how society works. A sociological theory is a set of ideas that attempt to explain a particular problem. One of these sociological theories is called Maxism. This was developed by Karl Marx and is considered to be a macro theory. This theory seeks to explain society as a whole and to find general laws about human behaviour. In Marx’s explanation of society, he came up with the explanation of class structure and class conflict. According to the Marxist model of class structure society is divided into two major classes. Firstly, there is the bourgeoisie (ruling class) who owns the means of production. However, there was another class called the proletariat (working class) who worked for the bourgeoisie. Marx was of the view that class is related to the ownership of the means of production. Hence, he believed that those who owned the businesses were of the ruling class while those who worked and produced belonged to the working class. Marx viewed society as being structured in such a manner where there will be a ruling class (bourgeoisie) who would from the labours of the working class (proletariat). In this way, the power of the ruling class to exploit and take advantage...
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...FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND SOCIAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITI SELANGOR BACHELOR OF EDUCATION (HONS) TESL CPS 2313 EDUCATION SOCIOLOGY ASSIGNMENT: THEORIES AND RESEARCH IN EDUCATION SOCIOLOGY PREPARED BY: MOHAMAD AZHAARI SHAH BIN SULAIMAN 4123003611 IZZAT WAZZIR IMAN BIN 4123000401 PREPARED FOR: TUAN HAJI BAGHAWI SARBINI 2.1 Definition of Educational Sociology Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) who is regarded as the ‘father’ of sociology of education clearly defines sociology of education as “a systematic study sociological perspective”. This definition of sociology of education is suitable because it speaks much of what goes on in education system. It clearly states that it is important to know sociology before knowing what sociology of education is. This is because sociology is related sociology of education. The statement “sociological perspective” stresses the social context in which people live such as society. Society is a group of people who share a certain culture and a territory. Perspective is a view of the world and it is referred to as a sociological preservative or sociological imagination. Durkheim’s statement helps us to understand that sociological perspective opens a window to another world or unfamiliar world. As we look at other world or our own, sociological imagination casts another form of light on us. This in return enables us to gain a new vision of social life. In other words it helps us to find out why people do what they do like...
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