...Danielle Fitz-Randolph TOK 11A Knowledge Question Number 6 Essay Robust knowledge requires consensus and disagreement. Discuss. Anyone who has needed surgery knows the risks of going under the knife. A broken elbow lead me to the emergency room one evening, and it was concluded that after chipping the bone that surgery was needed. Getting the opinion of many doctors and discussing the best course of treatment is necessary to provide any family with ease and confidence with the surgeon. Individuals who have needed a surgery know the necessity of getting many consults and opinions from doctors, many of which result in a different course of action. The different surgery methods and procedures are beneficial for the patient to find a doctor that they feel both confident in and provides...
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...In the last decade, DNA analysis has become a mainstay of the criminal justice system the gold standard for identification (Liptak). The role of deliberation in the integration of technology and society examines where we, as a society, have reached a consensus or should on the use of DNA in the justice system, and also points to the unsettled areas of debate in which there remains room for reasonable disagreement. DNA technology has been rapidly and fairly easily integrated into the courtroom; its integration into the pre and post-trial areas has been slower and more complex. Nevertheless, some broad areas of agreement exist, or should exist, in these areas, including: that some level of post-conviction relief is warranted; and that some forms of DNA databases are effective and appropriate investigatory tools. Areas of Consensus There are two broad areas of consensus. First, that DNA changes the meaning of time in the justice system. From this principle follows a number of measures to take in consideration: that evidence must be preserved; that there should be statutory criteria for post-conviction access and review of evidence; and those statutes of limitation should be increased or abolished. The second area of consensus is that DNA databases in some form, at least are legitimate and effective investigatory tools. Time has been deeply programmed into justice both pre conviction, with respect to statutes of limitation, and post-conviction, in limitations on bringing...
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...Erving, Goffman. 1959. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, New York:p 1-16. _____________________________________________________________________ Goffman analyses the study of everyday life through the perspective that, ones actions cannot be purely acted out for the sake of that action, but rather all actions are “social performances” (Goffman 1959). Three main ideas central to Goffman’s argument (within the prescribed pages 1-16) include; the differences between the two forms of expression amongst social interaction, the symmetry and asymmetry between these two forms of expression, as well as the level of agreement referred to by Goffman as the “working consensus” (Goffman 1959:p10). According to Goffman, an individual’s expressiveness is portrayed in two different forms of communication, “the expression that he gives, and the expression that he gives off (Goffman, 1959:p2). Through the use of language, verbal communication is the first form as it is the traditional and intended form of expression. Non-verbal communication in most situations is the unintentional form of expression whereby the individual is able to communicate through their physical facial and body actions, Goffman’s expresses that the “expectation being the action was carried out for reasons other than the information conveyed in this way”(Goffman 1959:p2). This also suggests that an individual can present misinformation or ‘half truths’ by the use of both types of communication, “the first...
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...manager with middle and executive level of employees: 10 4.3 Time Management Strategies: 11 Work Prioritizing: 11 Estimation of Task Time: 11 Objective Identification: 11 5.0 dynamic of Working with others 12 5.1 People to achieve goal in a team: 12 Plant: 12 Resource investigator: 12 Shaper: 12 Finisher: 12 Coordinator: 12 Implementer: 12 Monitor: 13 5.2 Analysis of Team Dynamics: 13 Objectives: 13 Self-motivation: 13 Goals: 13 Team meeting: 13 Member’s participation: 13 Sharing: 14 Disagreement: 14 Decision: 14 Respect: 14 Criticism: 14 Leadership Shifting: 14 5.3 Alternative ways to complete tasks and achieve team goals: 15 Lists all activities: 15 Task breakdown 15 Develop sub-task: 15 Execute Plan: 15 6.0 Strategies for Problem Solving: 15 6.1 Tools and Methods of Problem Solving: 15 Brainstorming Session: Balance Sheet Development: 15 Root Cause Method: 16 Train of thought: 16 SWOT Analysis: 16 Trail & Errors Mechanism: 16 6.2 Problem Solving Strategy: 16 6.3 Potential Impact on Organization: 17 Group Consensus Development: 17 Ideas of Employee: 17 Employee involvement: 17 Collective effort: 17...
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...Original article | Published 3 February 2011, doi:10.4414/smw.2011.13157 Cite this as: Swiss Med Wkly. 2011;141:w13157 Do not attempt resuscitation: the importance of consensual decisions A qualitative study Lorenz Imhofa, Romy Mahrer-Imhofa, Christine Janischb, Annemarie Kesselringc, Regula Zuercher Zenklusend a b c d Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, Institute of Nursing, Winterthur, Switzerland Department of Education, Training and Professional Development, Stadtspital Waid Zurich, Switzerland Institute of Nursing Science, University of Basel, Switzerland Department of Medicine, Pourtalès Hospital, Neuchâtel, Switzerland Correspondence: Lorenz Imhof PhD RN Zurich University of Applied Sciences Institute of Nursing School of Health Professions Technikumstr. 71 CH-8401 Winterthur Switzerland lorenz.imhof@zhaw.ch pivotal. Therefore, leadership by experienced senior physicians and nurses is needed and great efforts should be made with regard to multidisciplinary education. Key words: decision-making; multidisciplinary collaboration; end-of-life issue; resuscitation orders Introduction Since the 1980s, “do-not-attempt-resuscitation (DNAR)” orders have become common in medical practice. DNAR orders are given for 50–60% of patients who die a non-sudden death, with wide variations among countries. DNAR orders apply to only 19% of hospitalised patients in Italy, but to as many as 83% in Sweden and 86% in Switzerland [1, 2]. The frequency of DNAR decisions in...
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...Henri Tam and the MGI Team : Written Case Analysis Henry Tam faced a difficult challenge as he began his business plan project with Music Games International (MGI). The root of the problem is that the company culture is not adaptive. This means that the team members do not come together and support change to enhance their productivity. In this instance, it causes the team not to be as effective as they otherwise would. During the course of the project, Henry encountered several difficulties. The group lacks an effective leader. He has to step in to establish better management of agreements and build unity and encourage collaboration through supporting, empathizing, and harmonizing. Finally, their group lacks greatly in having clear stages of development. He needs a clear understanding of the stages of group development. In order to advance the group, I recommend that they make changes in their strategy to form the cohesion in their group. First, they need to overlook personality conflicts to facilitate agreement. A group of highly talented people does not mean guaranteed success. They must delegate tasks and be consistent in their decisions. Another recommendation is to establish a clear team leader to develop credibility. This will allow the group to develop focus and influence, and motivate them to greater effort. Third, I recommend they set clear expectations and boundaries. Doing so will increase efficiency and clarify roles and agendas. Finally, they need to establish...
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...Term paper Management by Consensus: A rationale by technique. Submitted By: HasanuzzamanRahib ID: 3-09-17-031 EMBA Program, Summer- 2012 Course title: Advanced Management Department of Management Studies University of Dhaka Dhaka, Bangladesh 2012. Introduction: The working worlds of our businesses and organizations are becoming increasingly more complex. One of the immediate consequences is the acceleration of change processes. Sensible error tolerance, on the one hand, as well as quick and constructive problem solving procedures on the other will thus be indispensable for forward looking management. The old-fashioned autocratic manager who ruled with an iron hand and controlled everything from the top has pretty much vanished from the management scene. There is no doubt that today's enterprises operate far more humanely than did their old school predecessors, at least on the surface. Consensus management is gaining ever more recognition in business as a success factor in dealing with conflicts and creating personal responsibility. Here the selective application of external moderation, individual and group discussions enhances the dialogue, cooperation and structuring capacities of the conflicting partners. The direct recourse to moderated methods makes for surprisingly quick and long term stable agreements and transfer. Consensus Management: Consensus management means that when a decision is reached by the group, there is total commitment to it by all...
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...In 2006, Tennessee Governor Phil Bredesen announced his support for a smoke free policy (SFP) in his state, which was a major producer of tobacco. This move, coupled with support from the Campaign for Healthy and Responsible Tennessee, a health coalition, and Tennessee Restaurant Association opened a policy window to create a comprehensive smoke free policy in the state. The passing of a smoke free policy was viewed, at first, to be quite difficult due to the existence of an iron triangle of tobacco interests, agriculture committees in the legislature and the Tennessee Department of Agriculture, which had prevented any meaningful anti-smoking legislation in the state for many years. Because of the apparent strength of this iron triangle, the...
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...Qualitative Research Critical Analysis Paper: The Lived Experience of Healthy Behaviors in People with Debilitating Illness Qualitative Research Critical Analysis Paper:The Lived Experience of Healthy Behaviors in People with Debilitating Illness The purpose of this paper is to summarize the study “The lived experience of health behaviors in people with debilitating illness” (Haynes & Watt, 2008). Within this summary it will critique and describe the qualitative methodology used in the study, the appropriateness and relevance of the design for the study purpose, the study purpose, the target population, the study participants, and the setting the study participants are in. This paper will critique and describe ethical issues mentioned in the study and ethical issues not mentioned in the study, but are of importance to the study population. It will also critique and describe the data quality methods used, the research findings, the limitations as they relate to the study purpose, the implications for nursing practice, and conclude with a brief summary. The selection of this research article was because of the interest in understanding how individuals with incapacitating illnesses can continue with living a health centred lifestyle. Thoroughly analyzing the selected research via a critical lens, as well as reflecting on professional practice, assists the healthcare professional in applying holistic, client-centered care. Method The study, “The lived experience of...
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...Group 3: Group Consensus Report • Frontus, Lisa • Gibson, Michael • Harris, Diedre • Kageni, Angela • Lindeman, Candice • Scott, Rhonda • Turner, Shad Liberty University [pic]201220 Spring 2012 BUSI 520-B03 LUO January 22, 2012 Group Consensus Report Group Description: The group has seven members with varying degrees of professional expertise in strategic marketing. That expertise ranges from backgrounds in the non-profit sector to occupational therapy, financial analysis, logistics, international consultancy, and corporate management. The specific work expertise related to marketing that is relevant to this class is also varied with some members having strong expertise in marketing, sales and business and financial relations, while others have had no experience at all in marketing. This sets up the members for an interesting working relationship. All have had ample experience doing group work in past classes at Liberty University. The group is dynamic in nature. All in all, the individuals are go-getters who work well both as managers and as team members or followers. There seems to be a common work ethic where all members have a strong sense of initiative and are autonomous and self-motivated. While clearly...
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...volunteer to be a team leader. The team will however agree whether to let the person be a leader or not. • 4. What authority is vested in the leader and the group? The team leader will ensure that the team is on track. As a team, other team members will also check on each other to ensure that the work is been done. • 5. How will you handle nonperformance or non-participation of a group member should it occur? A non-performance team member will be encouraged be team members by assisting him/her with any difficulties. We will encourage the person to seek our help anytime she/he needs it. If after all the support the team member just proves stubborn, we shall let the team member know and report to the Professor. • 6. How will you handle disagreements, conflict and negotiation should it occur? We will come to an agreement by voting. If the voting doesn’t work, we will let the instructor know. What challenges do you anticipate? Delays from some team members. • 7. What “people/team/professional skills” are expected of the group members? E.g. be on time, attend all meetings/conferences....
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...laws are put into effect through several governmental departments. The president is in command of all governmental departments and offices. Health and Human Services (HHS) is the relevant example for us here. And it is the business of the judiciary (the courts) to “adjudicate”—that is, to make judgments about who is right or wrong according to the law as in (a) disagreements between citizens (civil law), (b) deciding the guilt or innocence of citizens who disobey laws (criminal law), and (c) disagreements between citizens and government agencies (often administrative law). Court orders reinstating an (“unfairly”) terminated government disability benefit or revoking the commitment of a person to a mental institution are examples of checks and balances in action. Public programs are established through legislation, which usually begins with a group of people concerned about a growing issue within a community or even nationwide. In order for an interest group to establish a public program, the concern must go through eight legislative tasks. In the first task the interest group must clearly define and execute a consensus on what the problem is and what the desired outcome is from legislation. This can be a difficult task because legislation as well as the public wants to know exactly what the interest group wants. The...
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...and opposing, there are a multitude of perspectives underlying these umbrella groupings. For some in the community, the concept of gay and lesbian marriage is controversial, and its complexities raise fundamental social, religious, moral and political questions. In analyzing how power has operated in this situation, I will apply classical pluralism to converse sides of the moral argument to reveal how Australian attitudes have changed over time in a progressively consensual political environment. For this issue, the strengths of pluralism lie in its empirical nature; it is an observable and comprehensive view of understanding how power operates in society, with regard to a multitude of perspectives and interest groups. However, further analysis will reveal that while there are many voices in the debate concerning marriage equality, they are not created equally. A form of ‘elite pluralism’ prevails that refutes classical pluralist ideals of diversity. Interestingly, a weakness of classical pluralism is that its end game ultimately fails; the discussion of polarizing topics can lead people to...
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...Ceniza, Janus D. MWF; 11:00 – 12:00 pm Comparative Analysis of Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theories of Personality I. Summary There are four main Neo-Freudian psychologists: Erikson, Jung, Horney, and Adler. They all agreed with Freud’s basic concepts of id, ego, and superego, the importance of the unconscious, that our childhood shapes our personality, dynamic anxiety and the use of defense mechanisms. However, all these Neo-Freudian psychologists varied slightly from Freud’s path, each with their own ideas and principles. They tended to focus more on the conscious rather than unconscious and doubted Freud’s heavy concentration on sexual motives. These neo-Freudian psychologists all had different areas of concentration and their ideas and emphasis varied from each other considerably. Erikson focused more on the influence of the physical and social environment on personality, as well as the individual’s personal history. He found that the ego can function independently and is the most important. Unlike other neo-Freudians, Jung focused on the unconscious, coming up with analytical psychology, his own theories on the unconscious. He came up with a variation of Freud’s ideas of human psyche, ego, consciousness and unconsciousness. Jung also came up with describing our personality as a whole, the concept of the self. Horney was one of the few female psychologists at the time. She focuses o the development of the child as being greatly influenced by...
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...Chattanooga Case Analysis Nicholas Trudics Jack Welch Management Institute Dr. Barrett JWI 510 5/19/2013 Executive Summary The Chattanooga Ice Cream Division Case highlights Charles Moore, the head of said division and his responsibility to his company and his team. The following discusses the dynamic and dysfunction of a senior leadership team, and the contribution of both the individuals and their leader to that dysfunction. Also discussed is the management style of Charles Moore as well as recommendations for the future of this team. Introduction Chattanooga Ice Cream, Inc. was a subsidiary of Chattanooga Food Corporation, founded in 1936. The Ice Cream Division of Chattanooga Foods was one of the largest regional ice cream manufacturers in the United States. (Sloane, 2003) Following the loss of it’s third largest customer, the division’s president and general manager, Charlie Moore and his executive management team met several times to discuss the future of the division. Moore was responsible for not only making a very significant decision about the company’s future, but also the conflicting attitudes and opinions of the members of his team. Team Dynamic and Dysfunction There were quite a number of reasons why the Senior Management team at the Chattanooga ice cream division was dysfunctional. Firstly, the team was not formed under...
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