...Running head: DARK LEADERSHIP 1 Team Research Paper: Discovery of Women’s Dark Leadership Intro Leadership whether it is dark or integral, is the ability to influence individuals or groups toward the achievement of goals. Leadership, as a process, shapes the goals of a group or organization, motivates behavior toward the achievement of those goals, and helps define group or organizational culture. It is primarily a process of influence. The quality of leadership is a primary factor in the success or failure of any business. Individuals in positions of leadership have a direct influence on the level of commitment, motivation and performance of their organization. Leadership definitions on the other hand are simple statements that encapsulate the core beliefs, values, and attitudes a person holds towards leadership. This paper will explore the differences in leaders when it comes to ethics in leadership, transactional, transformational and spiritual leadership. Literature Review Ethics Research Ethics in all forms of leadership has emerged as a concern which has led to studies being completed in both academic literature and business press alike. These concerns are widespread in newspapers, magazines, internet and television broadcastings within multiple associations to include organizations, law, medicine and education. According to FirstSearch, 2002 there were over 1,000 scholarly and practitioner articles along...
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...of leaders. For example, a recent meta-analysis into the trait-leadership relationship found leadership to be positively correlated with extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, and negatively related to neuroticism (Judge, Bono, Ilies, & Gerhardt, 2002). While there is this developing literature considering the ‘normal’ personality of leaders, another literature is growing alongside – that of the ‘dark side’ of leadership personality, that is, more negatively connotated traits (e.g., Hogan & Hogan, 2001). The study of the ‘dark side’ of personality has an important role in helping organizations identify those with the potential for ‘derailment’, deviant behaviours, and poor work performance (e.g., Furnham and Taylor, 2004, Hogan and Hogan, 2001 and Moscoso and Salagdo, 2004). Within this literature, a relationship between the ‘dark side’ and transformational leadership has often been alluded to (see Parry & Proctor-Thomson, 2002), yet there is limited empirical research investigating this relationship. Transformational leadership has been described by Bass and Avolio (2004) as encouraging other people to perform and develop beyond what is normally expected of them, and differs from transactional leadership, which refers to a leadership style focused on interpersonal transactions between managers and employees (Bass, 1985). For Bass (1985), transformational leadership enhances transactional leadership by transforming the follower’s mind-set and purpose, and bringing...
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...Leadership and business performance Assignment of “a good leader influence a group of individuals to achieve a common goal and perform well, without having to watch over them” Word count: 2,927 Introduction Leadership is always considering as an important managerial topic because a good leader does not only able to guide behaviors from followers, but also leads individuals within an organization to achieve their common objectives (Morrill, 2010). The commonly accepted definition of leadership is contributed by David and Vince (2008, p2), who defined leadership as a person has “abilities of leading a group of people, and also has abilities of supporting group of people to achieve common objectives”. More specifically, Bass (1990) defines leadership as the ability to adapt the setting so everyone feels empowered to contribute creatively to solving the problems. The primary aim of this assignment is to critically discuss the topic of “a good leader influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal and perform well, without having to watch over them.” In order to answer this question well, the author selects Steve Jobs as the leader, and then with reference to Apple Inc to discuss why a good leader as Jobs influences group of individuals without watching them. As an essay based assignment, the author organizes this paper in three main parts, including introduction, main body and conclusion. In introduction section, the definition and importance of leadership...
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...who therefore usually, but not invariably, fall into line. However, these elements which define leader and followers are constantly changing based on situational context. As a result, any follower can be a leader and any leader can be a follower depending on situation and personal characteristics. Leaders are often assumed to be powerful and independent. On the other hand, it is impossible to be a leader without followers. Leaders do not act alone and leadership cannot exist in isolation. Leaders and followers are like two side of a coin: one is unable to exist without other. As explained by Malcolm Stubblefield, leaders exist because of followers. Traditionally “leadership” has become synonymous with good leadership. However when the concept of leadership is considered broadly it becomes evident that leadership has both a good and a dark side. Bad leadership (or dark side) is characterized by the leader’s unethical behavior intended for achieving their goal in harmful ways. Barbara Kellerman states that seven types of bad leadership have become prevalent in today’s organizations; Incompetent, Rigid, Intemperate, Callous, Corrupt, Insular, and Evil. Similar to leaders, followers have two categories: good followers and bad followers. The followers who practice independent...
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...Morris’s ministries provide health care for the working poor and uninsured in Memphis and promote both a healthy physical body and a healthy spiritual body. Dr. Morris as a pastor and a medical doctor has written a new book, Health Care You Can Live With: Discover Wholeness in Body and Spirit in which be provides a unique view of the church and the medical industry and how they can each be a place of healing. He is a firm believer that health care through the government will not work, but has proven through his Church Health Center in Memphis that there is a real way for health care to work. See figure 1 in the appendix for a picture of Dr. Morris. Focus on the Leader The GOOD Dr. Morris’s leadership of the Church health Center in Memphis is outstanding. When the governments’ health care program is incapable of functioning effectively, from Dr. Morris’s book, Health Care You Can Live With, (see Figure 2 in the appendix for a view of the book’s cover), we have learned that his nonprofit health care center is treating 55,000 patients a year with only a 13 million dollar budget. This is equivalent to 100 million dollars a year that the government would spend for the same services provided by Dr. Morris’s Church health Center. The Church health Center focuses on prevention of illness. For every dollar, Dr. Morris spent on health care their goal is to spend a dollar on prevention of illness. From Dr. Morris’s book, Health Care You...
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...expire. Investors Reaction Investors have enough reasons to be furious. A series of recent negative events, especially the admission of 83 milion fake accounts and the announcement of a loss for 2nd quarter of 2012 have left investors doubting the future of facebook. Worse still, there has been no word from the CEO. Investors need all the reassurance and explanation they can get at this time. His silence has led to the questioning of his ability to lead Facebook. What kind of leader is Mark Zuckerberg? Mark Zuckergberg’s leadership has been linked to a couple of leadership styles. He has been referred to as a visionary, as he is highly driven with the vision to connect people all over the world. He is sometimes grouped among transformational leaders; he is said to have changed the way in which friends communicate. However, as stated by Tudor R (2011), ‘visionary leaders may be associated with a dark side’. The IPO flop may be a part of the ‘dark side’. Despite the fact that a clause was included in the IPO prospectus ‘that revenues were unlikely to keep pace with the growth in its...
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...group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals (Ch. 12 pg. 376). The leaders of Walt Disney are the board of directors and the management team. The board of directors consist of ten members with Robert A. Iger being the chairman and chief executive officer. Management consists of fifth teen members with Andy Bird as the corporate chairman and Bob Chapek as the president of the business unit. Each member has their style of leadership that work for the committee. Some styles of leadership that can be found within the committee are charismatic leaders, transactional leaders, and authentic leaders. Charismatic leaders are those who have “a certain quality of an individual personality, by virtue of which he or she is set apart from ordinary people and treated as endowed with supernatural, superhuman, or at least specifically exceptional powers or qualities” (Ch. 12 pg.387). CEOs of a company are normally the ones who are classified as a charismatic leader. There are two sides of a charismatic leader, a good side and the dark side. The dark side of the leader may “use their powers to remake companies in their image and allow their interest and personal goals to override the goals of the organization (Ch. 12 pg. 390). This leader communicates with its members on a day-to-day basis and is more effective than the charismatic leader. The transformational leader tends to be more creative and encourages their followers to be creative as well. An authentic leader knows “who they...
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...The Civil War is a dark mark on America's History, that helped define who we are today. Brothers fighting brothers, fathers fighting sons, and families devastated over a fear of change and compromise. Change, compromise, and leadership are all needed for a nation to succeed, but is bloodshed necessary to achieve success. Our land is stained with fathers and sons who believed that bloodshed was necessary to achieve greatness. The Civil War is a blemish on the history of the United States of America, but a necessary blemish. Historian Shelby Foote said, "Any understanding of this nation has to be based...on an understanding of the Civil War...The Civil War defined us as what we are, and it opened us to being what we became, good and bad things. It is necessary if you're going to understand the American character in the 20th century to learn about this enormous catastrophe of the mid-19th century. It was the crossroads of our beginning." (Burns & Burns, 1990) Any American can look at her words and instantly see a meaning, the meanings may differ but each American relates. The words "It was a crossroads to a beginning", show that America was divided and the war reunited America as a unified nation. Without the bloodshed and sacrifice, America would look quite different. Many nations or none at all could have been the result, but the truth is that the North and the South needed each other for survival. America was founded in freedom, which came in many forms. Her...
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...This notion can be related to Steve Jobs and the way he exercises his leadership skills. During Jobs project on MoblieMe (email system) there were different problems faced while conducting MoblieMe. Jobs then gathered the team and admonished them and resulting firing of the executive and placing the new one to run the team. (lashinksy, 2011)This shows the glimpses Jobs as a narcissistic leader having arrogance and ruthlessness with lack of empathy over the executive and the team. Job’s is also visualized as corporate dictator who makes every single critical decision directing him further towards a narcissist leader. However, with dark side of Jobs he is also seen as a transformational leader with the characteristics creative, passionate and visionary. Indeed, Jobs’ vision for design, his imagination for new products and ways of doing business, and to see things through market and take on challenge are likely reasons why Jobs is often mentioned as an image of transformational...
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...Consumer Behavior |Program |: |MBA |Class of |: |2009 | |Credit |: |3 |Sessions |: |33 | |Course Code |: |SL MM 602 | | | | Objective To understand the various factors influencing behavior of consumers – as individuals and as members of a group/society, and also the impact of consumerism in the contemporary environment. To understand the behavior of consumers – decision making, post-purchase behavior, behavior in a shopping environment, etc. To understand the behavior of organizations as consumers. |REFERENCE BOOKS |AUTHOR / PUBLICATION | |Consumer Behavior |ICMR | |Consumer Behavior, 5e |Leon G Schiffman and Leslie Lazar Kanuk, Prentice-Hall, India | |Consumer Behavior |Hawkins, Best & Coney, McGraw Hill | |Consumer Behavior |Blackwell, Miniard & Engel, Thomson ...
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...refer to recurring regularities or trends in a person’s behavior (Hughes, Ginnette, & Curphy, 2002, p. 168). Exhibiting leadership traits is strongly correlated with people’s desire to follow the leader. Exhibiting these traits will inspire confidence in one’s leadership. Personality traits are useful for explaining why people act fairly consistently in different situations. Knowing differences in personality traits can help predict more accurately how people will tend to act in different situations. Behavior: Leadership behaviors are a function of intelligence, personality traits, emotional intelligence values, attitudes, interests, knowledge, and experience. Leader behavior reflects an interaction between personality traits and various situational factors. Over time, leaders learn and discern the most appropriate and effective behaviors. Individual difference and situational variables play a pivotal role in a leader’s behavior. Changing behavior, especially long-standing patterns of behavior, can be quite difficult. Learning how to change one’s own behavior and others’ behaviors is a key leadership skill. Knowing how to change and modify followers’ behaviors so that it helps the followers and the organization’s success is very important. Behaviors are thought to be more malleable than traits, thus they can be taught to managers to increase their leadership abilities and effectiveness (Norris, 2000). Intelligence: Intelligence is an umbrella term describing a property of the...
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...History shows that many great leaders had one thing in common; charisma. Charasmatic leaders attract followers with charm and personality. These leader have the ability to motivate followers to do almost anything. There are many common characterstics of the charismatic leader; most characteristics involve using feelings to encourage commitment and devotions in followers. A good leader can structure the organization in the way he wants. He represents the organization and most importantly, it has observed that effective leaders possess a capacity to increase the productivity of the organization. Transformational Leadership is similar to Charismatic Leadership style proposed by Weber. Since 1978 a lot of research has been done on various aspects of charismatic leadership. In this essay I would like to focus on charismatic leadership, its attributes and traits in charismatic leaders. Inspiration- Charasmatic leaders have the ability to inspire almost anyone . These leadrs posses positivity, optimism and passion for a cause and attract like-minded people to them easily. A charismatic leader is able to motivate teams to work mostly by inspiration. Self confidence- self confidance is a key characteristic of the charismatic leader. This type of leader typically possesses a strong sense of self belief and rarely feels or expresses any doubt about his decisions or goals. This sense of confidence often encourages the rest of the team to believe as strongly as their leader. Connect...
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...Transformational leadership refers to the adherent away from instantaneous self-interests through idealized sway (charm), inspiration, logical stimulation, or personalized contemplation (Bass & Avolio, 1994). It promotes the devotee’s level of development and epitomes as well as apprehensions for accomplishment, self-actualization, and the welfare of others, the association and civilization . Transformational leadership activities have been interconnected to various positive conclusions, containing, augmented underling consummation additional operative effort and gratification with the groundbreaker, organizational citizenship and overall employee performance (Seltzer & Bass, 1990). Transformational leaders have a prevailing influence on adherents’ motivation, supplement to the superior association, and affecting commitment (Shamir, House & Arthur, 1993). The practice of transformational leadership is connected to positive consequences in groups including trust and admiration for the groundbreaker (Seltzer & Bass, 1990) note that transformational leaders inspire and stimulate followers agree to take and get done difficult goals that the adherent would not ordinarily follow, as well as to take on the values of the front-runner. Kaiser & Hogan (2007) found that transformational leadership was completely associated with group authorization, cluster cohesiveness, and supposed group efficiency. Dr. Mark McCloskey Apprehends the spirit of transformational leadership in an all-inclusive...
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...Entrepreneurship and Small Business Element CW/1 Individual Essay ‘Entrepreneurship is said to benefit society in many ways, however there is also said to be a dark side to entrepreneurship. Drawing on academic literature, consider the downsides of entrepreneurship.’ Introduction Entrepreneurship is portrayed by society and media as a positive concept, often praised for the creation of jobs and innovation. Individual entrepreneurs, such as Steve Jobs and Richard Branson, are idolized and perceived as enthusiastic and ambitious individuals. However not everything is as positive as it seems. In recent years, there has been a vast emergence of academic literature based around the ‘dark side’ of entrepreneurship, a concept that was first explored and introduced by Baumol (1990). Baumol introduced a different approach to the widely accepted Schumpeterian model of entrepreneurship, where he suggested that entrepreneurship could be unproductive and even destructive. This essay will discuss and evaluate the literature of the ‘dark side’ of entrepreneurship. Individual Psychological Factors The ‘dark side’ of entrepreneurship has been thoroughly investigated by a range of academics, and is discussed in many pieces of literature. A key area of focus in these seems to be the psychological factors that entrepreneurs possess as individuals, and how these factors can create all sorts of problems. Entrepreneurs are often portrayed as creative, ambitious and enthusiastic...
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...endure, as it has endured, will revive and will prosper. So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself -- nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. In every dark hour of our national life, a leadership of frankness and of vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves which is essential to victory. And I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days. In such a spirit on my part and on yours we face our common difficulties. They concern, thank God, only material things. Values have shrunk to fantastic levels; taxes have risen; our ability to pay has fallen; government of all kinds is faced by serious curtailment of income; the means of exchange are frozen in the currents of trade; the withered leaves of industrial enterprise lie on every side; farmers find no markets for their produce; and the savings of many years in thousands of families are gone. More important, a host of unemployed citizens face the grim problem of existence, and an equally great number toil with little return. Only a foolish optimist can deny the dark realities of the moment. And yet our distress comes from no failure of substance. We are stricken by no plague of locusts. Compared with the perils which our forefathers conquered,...
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