...for continuing the Space Program change, before and after the moon landing? Motives for continuing the Space Program has changed over the past 50 years since the Space Race. How has the federal spending affected the Space Program? What are we spending on? The federal spending has increased, but in recent years NASA has suffered budget cuts. How does technology play a role in the continuation of the Space Program? Does it impact civilian life? The technology used plays an impacting role on space exploration as well as advancements in civilian life. Does the changes in the Space Program impact the job market? Is there a difference between then and now? The Space Program is a huge team of people involved in various areas and has different amounts of need for certain areas. The Space Program has had different factors of motivation. Motives for continuing the Space Program has completely changed over the past 50 years. In 1955, the Space Race began and was a factor of motivation. The U.S was so deeply involved and had the goal of being successful (Griffin). They were eager to put long hours full of hard work to achieve their goal. The race against the Soviets lasted until 1972 (Leone). A seventeen year race was enough motivation for the kickstart of NASA. It allowed for exploration like no other. After the Space Race, motivation to continue the program was different (When we left Earth). Motivation for the Space Program came in different forms after the race. The U.S felt as if...
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...occurred during the space race and why they were important to mankind and what did they meant for the future of people traveling to space. When did the main event occurred in space and why was it important for the U.S. The three most important achievements in the Space Race are that the Russians were the first to launch a satellite to orbit. The second most important achievement was that Yuri Gagarin was the first human to travel to space. The third most important achievement that happened during the was that Laika was the first animal to go into space. The Russians were the first to launch a satellite to space before the Americans could. For example," The Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first manmade object to orbit the earth and the Russians had launched the first satellite to space and it was important because it was the first satellite to orbit earth " (www.history.com). What the evidence is stating is that because the Russian were the first to launch a satellite in space they had an advantage over the Americans in the Space Race and they had taken the lead in space race because the American leader did not want to launch one until the Russians had already launched their satellite in space....
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...competition between American and the Soviet Union space race and brought all nations closer together. During World War II, missiles were used for mass destruction in enemy territory. Military technology was improved over time, therefore, missiles became bigger and powerful. The United States and the Soviet Union created some of the most powerful missiles in the war. After the war, the...
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...| Greg Van Lieu HIST101-1502B-02 Professor Gleason May 25, 2015 THE SPACE RACE During the cold war a competition between the United States and Russia started as each country competed in seeing who would make it to space first. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was formed, it replaces the National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics (NACA) in October 1, 1958. On September 12, 1962 the race was defined by President John F Kennedy’s speech at Rice University and thus “The Space Race” had begun. In that speech, John F Kennedy stated “We choose to go to the moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard.” JFK RICE MOON SPEECH. (n.d.). The space race ignited America’s competitive spirit. The space race between the two world powers changed humanity with breaking the limits of new technology in space travel and catapulted the United States to evolve into the world leader by landing a human on the moon. On October 4 of 1957, the space race began between two of the most powerful countries when Russian launched an unmanned rocket called Sputnik 1 into orbit. “The launch of Sputnik 1 had a "Pearl Harbor" effect on American public opinion.” Launius, R. (n.d.). Then Russia, a month later, launched Sputnik 2 which included a small dog named Laika. The U.S. tried to catch up by launching two satellites. One of the satellites failed to reach orbit, however one of satellite...
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...The Space Race was a competition between the Soviet Union and the United States for supremacy in space exploration from 1957-1975 . The Cold War rivalry between the two nations focused on being firsts in space exploration to show a sign of superiority. The Space Race involved launching satellites, suborbital and orbital human spaceflight around the Earth, and manned flights to the Moon. It first began with the Soviet Union’s launch of the Sputnik 1 satellite on October 4. 1957, and ended with the Apollo-Soyuz human spaceflight mission in July 1975. The Apollo-Soyuz project symbolized an easing in the relationship between the Soviet Union and the US. The Space Race was originally a missile-based arms race that occurred just after the end of the World War 2. The Space Race all began in Germany during the beginning of the 1930s and continued during World War II when Germany researched and built ballistic missiles. Starting in the early 1930s, German aerospace engineers experimented with liquid-fueled rockets hoping they would be capable of reaching high altitudes and going long distances. The head of the German Army's Ballistics Branch, Lieutenant Colonel Karl Emil Becker, created a team of engineers to figure out how to use rockets as long-range artillery in order to get around the Treaty of Versailles' ban on research and development of long-range cannons. At the end of the war, American, British, and Soviet scientific intelligence teams competed to capture Germany's rocket engineers...
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...While President Kennedy may not have appealed to every American as a beneficial leader to the nation, shown by the assassination, he provided for the nations in a variety of aspects that led to a successful presidency. Kennedy managed to make great strides in advancements in civil rights, the space race, and banning of nuclear weapons. In all these situations he used his presidency to his advantages and made wise choices that would benefit the citizens of America. At the time his presidency began, civil rights issues were continuing to be a major issue. Kennedy made sure to keep this as one of his main focuses throughout his time as president to ensure a change be made for the African Americans. While Kennedy did have to remain cautious with certain aspects of civil rights, in order to continually appeal to both the African Americans and the whites, he did several things in order to integrate them into society. Kennedy assisted in African Americans integrating themselves into...
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...committed to tackling various aspects of direct and indirect racial discrimination with the incentive of promoting 'equality of opportunity' and remedying other social disadvantages suffered by black minority communities in British society’ (Solomos 1989:2). Equality of opportunity in this sense is associated to the concept of racial equality, which can simply refer to ‘social equality for peoples of all races’ (Crenshaw 1988). In spite of this however, there remain deeply entrenched processes of discrimination resistant to legal and political interventions throughout society (Solomos 1993). This essay will discuss the claim ‘there ain’t no Black in the Union Jack’ in relation to these processes of discrimination which have encouraged the mis representation and exclusion of Black people within British society. The first part of the essay will outline the meaning of race and racism in the 21st century. It will then go on to discuss processes of exclusion, which are reinforced by the media and politicians representation of black migrants and the existence of so called ‘White spaces’. These exclusions of black people can be seen to prevent them from identifying as British thus excluding them from being part of ‘the Union Jack’. Whilst the concept of racism has been restricted by the notion of ‘colour’ as it has concealed the full range of ways in which racism has operated in Britain, including against Jews, Gypsies and the Irish (Jewesbury 2008), throughout this essay the term will...
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...HIST101-1304B-10 Modern American History 1950 to the 21st Century The Space Race The Space Race began on October 4, 1957 when the Soviet Union launched a satellite into space named Sputnik. This satellite began its journey attached to a Soviet intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM). Sputnik was the first piece of man made equipment ever sent into orbit around the Earth. The launch of Sputnik showed the United States that they were behind the power curve when it came to exploring space. The other thing that the Sputnik launched showed the United States was the power and range of the Soviet’s R-7 ICBM. It seemed that the Soviet Union was capable of delivering nuclear warheads to U.S. soil. This encouraged the U.S. military to take a particularly hard look into the weapon advancements that the Soviets were making. By 1958 the United States launched its own satellite into space, known as Explorer I. It was designed by the U.S. Army and over watched by a rocket scientist, Wernher von Braun. In 1958 President Eisenhower created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or more commonly known as NASA. In addition to signing the public order which created NASA, President Eisenhower also signed two more orders that would ensure the United States would not fall behind in gathering intelligence via space again. The first was used by the U.S. Air Force, which focused on using space for military operations. The second named Corona was a collaboration with the CIA, U.S...
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...theory. Kepler mathematics (laws of planetary motion) and his expertise in optics (inventing an improved version of the refracting telescope (Keplerian Telescope) and gave credit to Galileo for his telescopic discoveries) to support the Heliocentric model. The Heliocentric model was accepted as the structure of the Solar System because of the work of these ancient scientists and the work of those that came after them. In the mid-to-late 20th century supremacy in space exploration between the Soviet Union and United States began. This is now known as the “Space Race”. During this tense time known as the “Cold War” both the Soviet Union and the United States felt that being first in space exploration was necessary for national security and a symbol of their superiority. The Space Race let to the launching of artificial satellites and the race to put a manned spacecraft on the moon. On July 20, 1969 the United States landed the first humans on the moon. This accomplishment effectively ended the Space Race. The Space Race resulted in increased spending in research and education; resulting in great scientific advancements and...
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...Ryan Einspahr HIST101 Individual Project 4/13/2015 The Space Race After World War II the two most powerful nations began a battle between each other known as the Cold War. According to History.com Staff (2010) “The two nations, The United States, and the Communist Soviet Union sought to prove superiority over one another through technology, its military firepower and - by extension - its political-economic system.” The Space Race lasted from the late 1950’s through the early ‘70’s with both countries making giant leaps into the realms of space we had yet to explore and discover. According to History.com Staff (2010) “On October 4, 1957, a Soviet R-7 intercontinental ballistic missile launched Sputnik (Russian for “traveler”), the world’s first artificial satellite and the first man-made object to be placed into the Earth’s orbit.” Sputnik scared most Americans, with most people thinking that Russia could see our every move and potentially use a nuclear weapon from space against us. Although these were reasonable ideas the Sputnik satellite was nothing more than a harmless silver ball with a blinking light on it. This was truly the beginning of the Space Race. The United States knew it was losing ground on the Soviets and had to even up the score fast, and Explorer-I was the answer for the United States. According to Ludwig, George H. (April 1959) “Explorer-I, officially known as Satellite 1958 Alpha, was the first United States earth satellite and was sent aloft as...
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...The space race between the U.S.S.R and the United States was very important during the Cold War. The space race began in 1952 when the International Council of Scientific Unions decided to name July 1, 1957 to December 31, 1958 as the International Geophysical Year, also known as IGY, because the scientists knew that the cycles of solar activity would be at a high point then. In October of 1954 the council called for artificial satellites to be launched during IGY to map out the Earth’s surface. In July 1955 the White House announced plans to launch an Earth orbiting satellite for the IGY and made proposals to government research agencies to undertake development of new satellites. The Naval Research Laboratory’s Vanguard proposal was chosen to represent the United States in September 1955. On October 4, 1957 the Soviets successfully launched Sputnik I, the world’s first artificial satellite. Sputnik was about the size of a basketball, weighed about one hundred and eighty pounds, and took ninety eight minutes to launch into Earth’s elliptical path. The launch of Sputnik changed the space race dramatically. The Sputnik, a big technological achievement, caught the United States off guard and captured the attention of the whole world. Sputnik’s size was bigger than Vanguard’s proposal of 3.5 pounds and was very impressive. On November 3, 1957 the Soviets launched another satellite named Sputnik 2 II, which was much heavier and even included a dog named Laika. Immediately...
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...Race for the Moon “I’m glad I was at NASA at that particular time because we had a mission. We had support. And the reason we had that mission and the support was basically because we were in a political war… with the Soviets” (Borman). The space race, as it was known, had been a major competition between the United States and Russia during the mid-to-late twentieth century, also the time of the Cold War. During this era, the moon landing was the biggest success for the Americans and a symbol of power and, in a way, temporary, if not permanent, superiority over Russia. The United States proved to the world that they were finally able to “outrun” the Russians in the ongoing space race in being responsible for the first manned lunar landing in all of history. One of the most significant aspects of the moon landing, in general, was its establishment of America’s lead ahead of the Russians in the space race. A variety of steps and setbacks, however, had preceded the immense achievement. In 1958, to start the greatest project known to men, Eisenhower signed the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 into law, establishing NASA. “I believe that this nation should commit to its goal, before the decade is out of landing man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth” (JFK). On March of 1959, United States sent an unmanned Pioneer 4 for the first American lunar flyby. A month later, on April 9th, 1959 the Space Administration introduced the very first seven American...
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...During the late 1950s, a race between two world powers created even more tension throughout the world. The United States and the Soviet Union, or the USSR, which is now called Russia, were trying to build successful aircraft to take them beyond the realms of our world. The first successful space mission was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957, when Yuri Gagarin orbited the earth. Over a decade later, the United States major accomplishment was successfully landing a man on the moon. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were the first people to take “one small step for man” and “one giant leap for mankind.” Many technical advancements, including spacecraft, created a race between nations to decide which country is the best of both worlds. If it had not been for each country’s persistence to surpass the other, space exploration would not have come about. The knowledge we have today about space is because of the world-renowned “space race.” Throughout the space race, many important discoveries were made by both countries. Dwight D. Eisenhower did not make space a priority, as he was more interested in keeping the country safe from communism, keeping...
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...After then end of World War II, a new conflict arose that was known as the Cold War. During the Cold War, two of the world’s greatest powers, the United States and the Soviet Union battled to show the world who was more advanced in technology. Over the next two decades, they battled to show who was the most technologically advanced within their knowledge of space. The first phase of the Space Race was focused on developing successful rocket and satellite systems into space. In 1955, both the United States and Soviet Union announced that they would be launching satellites into orbit soon. The Soviets had taken the announcement from the United States as a challenge for who could put their satellite into space first, which was soon a goal for...
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...opportunity to be the first to analyze what is in side. Many of the capsules that I have read about before have had a brief glimpse of history and how things used to be during a certain time period. The first item found when opening the time capsule from the 1960’s is The Vietnam War. The Vietnam War was waged from 1961 until 1975 ("Battlefield: Vietnam,"). The Vietnam War cost over $150 Billion and lost over 58,000 American lives (Van Buren, 1991). The Vietnam War was such a big part of the 1960’s; it is almost impossible to no it include it in any time capsule representing the 1960’s. The second item found in the time capsule is the civil rights movement. The civil rights movement was a movement started to create equality between white people and black people. The fight for racial equality started in 1954 is still going on today (Brunner & Haney, 2007). The Third item removed from the time capsule is the band The Grateful Dead. The Grateful Dead provided the sound track for the psychedelic movement of the 1960’s, creating 23 albums over 24 years ("Grateful dead discography," 2013). The fourth object found in the time capsule is the Cold War. The cold war was waged from 1945 until the Warsaw Pact was signed in 1991. The last item found in the time capsule is the space race. The space race started in 1957 and was won by the United States of America in 1969 ("The timeline of," 2009). Upon further examination of the Vietnam War, we discover a time in human...
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