...Maltreatment of Juveniles in Detention Centers Abstract This paper aims to highlight the different ethical issues faced by juveniles in detention centers all over the world. A brief introduction defining the terms is given in the beginning of the paper followed by a little detail of the history of the juvenile detention system. The later part sheds light on some of the main issues discussing them in detail and also mentioning the consequences of these issues. The issues include sexual abuse, wrong methods of therapy, lack of educational facility, undue punishments given by the legal system due to public pressure, the ill execution of the grievance reporting procedures, and the confinement of juveniles in adult prisons. These problems cause degradation of the child’s mental and physical health which is explained along each of the issue. At the end, some suggestions are given along with useful tips on how to bring reform and betterment to the system. The conclusion stresses the need to realize the plight of such children and do something about their situation. Keywords: juvenile, detention, sexual abuse INTRODUCTION Juvenile refers to a person who is not yet an adult. The law defines a juvenile to be a person who cannot be held responsible for a crime and cannot be subjected to the sentences reserved for adults. They have separate courts for trials called the Juvenile courts. All...
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...Professional Ethical Standards Bonita A. Pyshny ADJ 235 February 27, 2011 Steven Gray "Justin was a juvenile probation officer for a number of years. He has seen the inside of kids who have gotten in trouble. How he spends his time speaking at school assemblies. He also works a lot with MADD and DARE. I have read that he has talked to 400,000 students in the last year." Steve Howe You will observe a typical day in the life of a juvenile probation office. Her/his task and other duties she/he performs on a daily basis. What code of ethics they stand by and any potential ethical dilemmas the can arise. Her/his day starts off the moment a juvenile is arrested and incarcerated. The probation officer's first job is to interview the juvenile and her/his parent(s), and receive the facts of the incident from the juvenile's point of view along with the official version of the incident. The probation officer would request some background information from the juvenile and her/his parent(s) to be included in the report. Once this report is complete, the probation officer would let the prosecution know what she/he recommends on how to precede with the incident. Whether the juvenile should stand trial in a court of law, place the juvenile on probation, the family get referred to child services or dismiss the case entirely. When the...
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...Applications of Information Technology OVERVIEW OF THE ORGANIZATION The Harris County Juvenile Probation Department is committed to the protection of the public, utilizing intervention strategies that are community-based, family-oriented and least restrictive while emphasizing responsibility and accountability of both parent and child. As part of our core values we value the belief that everyone is to be treated with dignity and respect. We believe that each person has innate worth, dignity and capacity for positive change. We value services that are ethical, effective and culturally competent. We hold high and promote a positive image of the department, the employees and our role within the community. We take pride in an environment that promotes initiative, productivity, teamwork and professional growth. We uphold to an atmosphere which stresses tolerance and is free of discrimination. We strive in developing collaborative efforts with judicial, legislative and community partners. The Harris County Juvenile Probation Department operates a Leadership Academy, a Detention Center, a secure residential treatment center and a non-secure residential treatment center. ( hcjpd. Org, 2009). The Texas Family Code, Chapter 58 requires that agencies in Texas report juvenile criminal history to the Department of Public Safety in Austin beginning January 1, 1996. The Harris County Juvenile Probation Department is committed to the protection of the public, utilizing intervention...
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...Some careers related to abnormal psychology are counselors, clinical social workers, clinical psychologists, and psychotherapists work alone or they will work with other private practices. The education requirements in a private and group practice is usually a license to practice in your state. People with a master's and doctoral level practitioners work in mental health clinics, correctional facilities, juvenile detention centers, in- and out-patient substance abuse facilities, schools and residential homes. Practitioners with a Bachelor’s degree may also work in the previous venue, but they cannot work in private practice (Miller, 2016). In this field some responsibilities include observing and interpreting the way people relate to one...
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...toolkit 1 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna CUSTODIAL AND NON-CUSTODIAL MEASURES The Prison System Criminal Justice Assessment Toolkit UNITED NATIONS New York, 2006 The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations, the Secretariat and Institutions of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and the Belgian 2006 OSCE Chairmanship concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This publication has not been formally edited. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE ISSUE ..................................................................................... 1 2. OVERVIEW: GENERAL AND STATISTICAL DATA ......................................................... 5 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3.1 3.2 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 7.1 7.2 OVERVIEW OF COUNTRY AND PRISON SYSTEM.............................................. 5 PRISON POPULATION ........................................................................................... 6 PROFILE OF PRISON POPULATION..................................................................... 6 QUALITY OF DATA ................................................................................................. 6 LEGISLATION: OVERVIEW ........
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...Juvenile sentencing guidelines are designed to establish a process through which juvenile offenders have the opportunity to access a variety of resources to allow for rehabilitation and being let back into the community as a law abiding citizens.Up until the mid-point of the 20th century, the sentences imposed on juveniles in the court system were similar to those just like adults convicted of crimes. Sentences given to juveniles emphasized punishment over rehabilitation during this time period. Ultimately, juvenile sentencing changed from punishment to rehabilitation, something that continues to this day. This is an introduction to Juvenile Justice in America. Since the 1990s, youth crime rates have gone up . These falling crime rates have led many jurisdictions to rethink the juvenile justice practices that happen in the 1980s and 1990s. Today, states are using major reforms designed to reduce institutional confinement, closed old 19th century era reform schools, and expand community-based interventions.In the late 18th and early 19th century, courts punished and confined youth in jails and penitentiaries. Since few other options existed, youth of all ages and genders where often confined with hardened adult criminals and the mentally ill in large overcrowded institutions. At the same time, American cities were dealing with high rates of child poverty and neglect putting pressure on city leaders to find a solution to this growing social issue. In response, reformers Thomas...
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...The Racial Disparities and Incarceration of Juvenile Delinquents Mario M. Tate University of Memphis Abstract The criminal justice system has had to enact harsher treatment due to the erratic and unpredictable nature of juvenile delinquents who refuse to follow the law. The age ranges for juveniles that are being considered in this study are 12-18 years old. I want to address the ever growing problems of racial disparity and incarceration of juvenile delinquents, who tend to not have any other options, but being arrested and are preyed upon because of their racial make-up. Single parent households, lack of education, supervision, and economics are some of the contributing factors which have lead many juveniles down the road to their deviant behavior. Data has been collected to try and understand the reasons for the defiant behavior of juveniles, so advocates may assist them in remaining with their families; through constant monitoring and evaluations of behavior and actions of our children they may stand a significant chance of growing up to be prosperous and productive adults. Also increased funding through the Juvenile Justice Prevention Act will help local state and county municipalities’ kick-start programs to assist today’s youth. Keywords: juvenile delinquents, incarceration, racial disparity, juvenile justice, racial discrimination, jail, juvenile courts The history of juvenile delinquency and racial disparity has gone hand in hand for a very long time and...
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...action. This plan can include goal setting, staff development, and training with incentives-based motivation. This type of approach successfully creates behavior changes in staff by creating a positive work environment, highlighting, and increasing efficiency, and building meaningful relationships between staff members and clients. Therefore, applying techniques to a hypothetical situation can better show how a manager would use the facts of a particular case to combine several techniques, creating a cohesive strategy to change a staff member’s conduct. Presenting Problem Staff Member Sam is a peer counselor assigned to the Monterey County Juvenile Detention Institution and works with various groups of at-risk youth, including those with drug and alcohol addictions. In his most recent position, he works in a juvenile detention facility. One of the institution’s officers observed Sam taking pictures with...
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...Careers in Human Services Desiree Baldwin Post University Researched five careers in the area of human services; my research consisted of their primary tasks, educational requirements, the population they serve, the average salaries they earn, potential challenges and rewards, hiring outlook for the following careers in Human Services. Also, my outlook of whether or not I would go into this career? Why or why not? First I would like to start off with a Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors whom primary tasks are counseling and advising individuals who suffer from alcohol, drug addiction, eating disorders, gambling, and other behavioral problems. They may counsel individuals, families, groups, or even engage in prevention programs, to help individuals recover from addiction or modify their behavioral patterns with the intentions of gaining full recovery. As a Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors they provide direct service to the clients. In their role they provided services geared towards behavior changes, primarily to change clients’ behavior, ranging from coaching and counseling to casework, psychotherapy, and behavior therapy (Woodside & McClam, 2012, p.186). Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselor are always ready to lend a helping hand to people who may be struggling with addiction of behavioral disorder, and they will work with their clients to better understand the conditions of that human being. The educational...
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...GEORGETOWN LAW The Scholarly Commons 2007 Biomedical Research Involving Prisoners: Ethical Values and Legal Regulation Lawrence O. Gostin Georgetown University Law Center, gostin@law.georgetown.edu Georgetown Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 976413 This paper can be downloaded free of charge from: http://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/479 http://ssrn.com/abstract=976413 297 JAMA 737-740 (2007) This open-access article is brought to you by the Georgetown Law Library. Posted with permission of the author. COMMENTARIES Biomedical Research Involving Prisoners Ethical Values and Legal Regulation Lawrence O. Gostin, JD U NTIL THE EARLY 1970 S , R. J. R EYNOLDS , D OW Chemical, the US Army, major pharmaceutical companies, and other sponsors conducted a wide variety of research on prisoners—a captive, vulnerable, and easily accessible population.1,2 During that time, approximately 90% of all pharmaceutical research was conducted on prisoners, who also were subjected to biochemical research ranging from testing diet drinks and simple detergents to studies involving dioxin and chemical warfare agents.3 From 1962 to 1966, for example, 33 pharmaceutical companies tested 153 experimental drugs at Holmesburg Prison in Philadelphia, including a Retin-A (tretinoin) study in which researchers did not seek informed consent and prisoners were not adequately treated for pain.4 By the mid-1970s, biomedical research in prisons sharply ...
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...Year 12 Legal Studies Notes Focus Study: Crime Key Legal Concepts and Features of the Legal System Crime - a violation of a law in which there is injury to the public or a member of the public and a term in jail or prison, and/or a fine as possible penalties Types of Crimes Offences against the person Offences against the person are defined as acts that intend to cause harm or injury to the victim Homicide Definition: is the unlawful killing of one person by another * Murder is the killing of one person by another “with malice aforethought”(mental component) * Manslaughter is the killing of someone in circumstances less culpable than murder. (generally given a lighter sentence than for murder) Degrees of awareness | Murder | Voluntary Manslaughter | Involuntary manslaughter | Non-criminal Killing | Intention to killReckless indifference of life Constructive murderDeath during intention to commit grievous bodily harm | Where the intention to kill or cause the act is mitigated by other factors, such as provocation or diminished responsibility | Non-reckless indifference to life or manslaughter by criminal negligenceReckless indifference to grievous bodily harmManslaughter by an unlawful and dangerous act | Death by non-criminal negligenceDeath by an unlawful act that is not dangerousAccidental deathSelf-defence | Stats: Murder: * In 2001 of the 340 homicides in Australia, 306 were murder * Maximum penalty is life imprisonment ...
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...03-Banks.qxd 1/30/04 4:52 PM Page 57 3 Racial Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System ETHICAL BACKGROUND It is generally agreed that discrimination based on ethnic origin is morally wrong and a violation of the principle of equality. The equality principle requires that those who are equal be treated equally based on similarities, and that race is not a relevant consideration in that assessment (May and Sharratt 1994: 317). In other words, it is only possible to justify treating people differently if there exists some factual difference between them that justifies such difference in treatment (Rachels 1999: 94). Equality is a nonspecific term that means nothing until applied to a particular context. Thus, in a political context, equality means equal access to public office and equal treatment under the law, and equal treatment extends to equality in terms of job hiring, promotion, and pay. Race refers to groups of persons who are relatively alike in their biological inheritance and are distinct from other groups (American Anthropological Association 1997: 2). Ethnicity is a cultural phenomenon referring to a person’s identification with a particular cultural group (Hinman 1998: 403). Race is socially constructed, and the notion that persons “belong” to a particular race was developed in the last century based on the belief that there was a biological basis for categorizing groups of people. Biologically, however, the term race has no meaning, yet society...
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...Homeless Youth: Research, Intervention, and Policy by Karen Spuriel Coleman- MBA Abstract Homelessness among youth in the U.S. is disturbingly common, with an estimated annual prevalence of at least 5 percent for those ages 12 to 17. Although homeless youth appear throughout the nation, they are most visible in major cities. Rigorous research on this special population is sparse, making it difficult to capture an accurate and complete picture. Despite its limitations, recent research describes homeless youth as a large and diverse group. Many homeless youth have multiple overlapping problems including medical, substance abuse, and emotional and mental problems. Literature suggests that comprehensive and tailored services are needed that address both the immediate and long-term needs of homeless youth. Where appropriate, services should include assistance with meeting basic needs as perceived by youth as a gateway to other needed services. In addition to serving those already homeless, interventions are needed to prevent homelessness among at-risk youth. Lessons for Practitioners, Policy Makers, and Researchers • As used here, the term “homeless youth” focuses on minors who have experienced literal homelessness on their own—i.e., who have spent at least one night either in a shelter or "on the streets" without adult supervision. On occasion, where warranted by the research being discussed, the term is also used to describe homeless young adults up to age 24. • Homelessness...
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...The criminal sanctions (Punishments) Prof. Dr. Ayman Elzeiny A - Introduction : "Punishment, "is a concept; criminal punishment is a legal fact." At the heart of all attempts to handle offenders are systematic images of human life and culture, including knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes regarding the human condition and the meanings, purposes, and ethical foundation and rationale of punishment. These ideologies or philosophical approaches provide explanations for the past behavior of the offender, guidelines as to what ought to be done with or to him, and bases for predicting his future after return to the free world. A sentence is an authorized judicial decision that places some degree of penalty on a guilty person. The responsibility for administering this judicial decision is placed with corrections. (1) If we take a historical and global view, the philosophy of punishment has been embodied in four major theoretical positions: vengeance, deterrence, rehabilitation ,and prevention. These positions overlap and intertwine with each other, but a degree of evolution is also evident. The comments made below on these four positions must be understood simply as broad generalizations. ___________________ (1) Gregory Zilboorg, M.D., The Psychology of the Criminal Act and Punishment, Greenwood Press, New York, 1968 , p. 97. - Ernest van den Haag, Punishing Criminals ,New York: Basic Books, Inc., Publishers, U.S.A, 1975 , pp. 14-15. When punishment is justified...
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...Preface There is no doubt that we are in the midst of a great revolution in the history of women. The evidence is everywhere; the voice of women is increasingly heard in Parliament, courts and in the streets. While women in the West had to fight for over a century to get some of their basic rights, like the right to vote, the Constitution of India gave women equal rights with men from the beginning. Unfortunately, women in this country are mostly unaware of their rights because of illiteracy and the oppressive tradition. Names like Kalpana Chawla: The Indian born, who fought her way up into NASA and was the first women in space, and Indira Gandhi: The Iron Woman of India was the Prime Minister of the Nation, Beauty Queens like Aishwarya Rai and Susmita Sen, and Mother Teresa are not representative of the condition of Indian women. Over 32000 murders, 19,000 rapes, 7500 dowry deaths and 36500 molestation cases are the violent crimes reported in India in 2006 against women. There are many instances of crime especially against women go unreported in India. These are figures released by the National Crime Records Bureau recently. While Madhya Pradesh is worst off among the states, the national capital New Delhi continues to hold on to its reputation of being the most unsafe city in India. Delhi takes the top slot for crimes ranging from murders and rapes to dowry deaths and abductions. It reflects country's law and order situation when its capital is a cauldron of crime. Instead...
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