...asked to write, the key to making it as effective as it can be is to write it as a wellstructured and well-supported argument. You will find that an ‘argument’ essay is easier to plan, more fulfilling to write and for your teacher (or the examiner)... a pleasure to mark (and that’s no bad thing!!). It’s important to get one thing out of the way at the outset: an essay question has no ‘right’ answer. You can breathe easy on that one. It’s just not like that. This is English and we leave those kinds of ‘right answers’ to the mathematicians and scientists. An English essay is not an ‘answer’ in that way at all, rather, it’s an informed opinion; but, like all opinions, it’ll require explanation, argument and support. It requires you to argue your case. What’s the first thing you do when you set about starting an essay? Many people start by searching through the text on which their essay is based in the hope of finding suitable quotations to help ‘answer’ the essay question. Well, there’s no getting away from this basic process, but there are ways to make it altogether more efficient, useful and most importantly, more likely to earn a higher grade. More on this later. The Argument Essay The secret of a good essay? Write it as an argument for what you believe! What is there to argue about? Plenty! You’ll be arguing to support your point of view on the essay question - one that you’ve boldly stated in the opening lines of the essay! “This is what I believe and I’m going to show you why...
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...reflect the material covered in this subject - but our focus is on your view of its practical application. You may analyse leadership in your current or previous workplace, an experience of leadership you may have had in an organisation or, if this is not possible, your thoughts on effective organisational leadership. You need to ensure your analysis is critical: that is that it looks both at the strengths and weaknesses of leadership strategies and that evaluates the effectiveness of your own or other’s leadership approaches. Analysing organisational leadership Introduction In this task, we look at how we interpret and analyse organisational leadership. The task is specifically designed to help you in the development of your final assessment for Providing Leadership Across the Organisation. Before looking at some of the forms of analysis we might use, let us dissect the question and ensure we fully understand its implications. The final question In this final assessment, you are required to undertake a critical analysis. This means your approach needs to be centred on: a) critical: this means assessing and evaluating this context using the leadership theories and arguments we have encountered in the subject. It doesn't necessarily...
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...argumentative Shame Is Worth a Try written by Dan M. Kahan is his point of view about shaming the public rather than sending useless harmful persons to jail. This article explains to readers about different shaming punishments and the way you perform these punishments. Also, Kahan discusses the courts choices and the way they see punishment by shaming. Kahan does a good job explaining and arguing the reasons behind why shaming is both good and bad. He explains the point of views from both liberal and conservative reformers. None the less the tone he uses, the diction he presents, and the example choices keep us wanting to know more. Kahan argues in favor of the use of shame as a punishment that is, “an effective, cheap, and humane alternative to imprisonment.” He tells us to think about the times when we were punished as children, and who punished us: teachers, parents or other authority figures. What kinds of bad behavior were we punished for? What type of punishment worked best to deter you from changing your ways? You may not remember everything from an incident but do you recall being ashamed and bashed in front of other people? The tone he chooses to get the point across is both sarcastic/funny and meaningful. He oddly adds phrases here and there to further the argument by using a stern tone to explain his seriousness. His quotes, that include different shaming requirements by law, help us better understand the circumstances in which shaming is used. Like how, “if you drive...
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...Trudeau’s, “Notes for a national broadcast, October 16 1970” both have similarities and differences. Both works address the public to deal with civil disobedience, the means to make political change, roles of government in handling civil unrest in democratic regimes and the responsibility for citizens to protest or disobey ‘unjust laws’. How ever both works are written from different perspectives. Despite their differences both works do well at complimenting each other since they share the same values. Martin Luther King’s arguments were addressing segregation and inequality experienced by African-Americans. The “Letter from a Birmingham Jail [King, jr.]’ written by the American civil rights activist is concerning the issues of terrorism and summons action to respond racial laws through non-violence in attempt to establish peace and end oppression. Acts of terrorism were, “unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches” (King, paragraph 6). King refers to Birmingham experiencing such high levels of terrorism acts against African-Americans compared to other cities in the United States. King also summons prompt action for non-violent protest since the city fathers “consistently refuse to engage in good faith negotiation” (King, paragraph 6). His aim for this “non violent resistor”(King, paragraph 9) is to create means to negotiate “unjust” laws that segregate Americans. He is diligently...
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...Miller explains how many veterans spoke out on Kaepernicks' right to peaceful protest.Many troops and veterans stood by Kaepernicks reason to protest as they feel this country is going through an issue of police brutality, racial inequality, systematic racism. Miller uses great emotional appeal here, using pathos because she shows how the veterans and troops feel, the ones that actually fought for this country.Showing how they feel about Kaepernicks protest puts ease at other peoples minds that he means no disrespect to the people who fought hard for this country, because for the veterans to show their gratitude toward this concern that means that they must feel where he Kaepernick is coming from. I feel like Miller used pathos here, an emotional appeal because she brought in the people who would be emotionally affected by the protest. She used the emotions they had towards the protest by mentioning how the troops felt and what emotions they had before and after having a talk with the athletes. It is very effective because her audience would mainly be from the military, therefore they see another troop or veterans perspective. They see how they felt, which could make them change their mind about the...
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...Part | Number of questions | Time | Grade | Part I | 2 out of 3 | 80 minutes | 20 | Part II | 2 out of 3 | 100 minutes | 30 | Total | 4 | 180 minutes | 50 | Good Luck PART I (20 points) In well written essays of around 150 words, answer two of the following questions. 1. Carry out a STEP analysis on the extract about Mannesmann. (10 points) It was clear to many observers that by hiving off its attractive telecoms activities into a separate company Mannesmann risked becoming vulnerable to an unwelcome take-over. Tony Blair, the British Prime Minister, however, demanded that Germany treat a British attempt to take over one of its firms with the same fairness extended to Germans buying up business in Britain. He rebuked Gerhard Schroeder for fighting the take-over, making it clear that in the new global economy he should not try to block it. There seems to be widespread suspicion in Germany of everything connected with stock markets. Germany does not have a stock exchange culture, as its economy is dominated by medium-sized companies and companies which are not quoted on the stock market. RB1, Extract 2.10, p.27 ANSWER KEY ContentSociological: * There seems to be widespread suspicion in Germany of everything connected with stock markets. Germany does not have a stock exchange culture, as its economy is dominated by medium-sized companies and companies which are...
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...of complications, or she was raped, or she is carrying an anencephalic fetus.” That causes a lot of deaths and suffering when women decide to do abortion illegally and in unsafe conditions. Diniz constantly meets women who take care of “their disabled children” and a lot of them “wonder how many more will have to suffer or die before abortion is a right.” Through her article, we see Diniz as a woman and as a lawyer but her womanish side gets over her legal side. From the middle of the article during her calls to the government instead of using a weak word “should,” she starts using a strong word “must” several times that makes her appeal too strong and too emotional. It also has a negative effect because strong words create aggressive attitude from the government’s side. She gives possible solutions to these problems but an aggressive tone of the language makes all that...
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..."philosophy" comes from the Ancient Greek (philosophia), which literally means "love of wisdom Explain Modes of persuasion Persuasion is clearly a sort of demonstration, since we are most fully persuaded when we consider a thing to have been demonstrated. Of the modes of persuasion furnished by the spoken word there are three kinds. Persuasion is achieved by the speaker's personal character when the speech is so spoken as to make us think him credible. Secondly, persuasion may come through the hearers, when the speech stirs their emotions. Thirdly, persuasion is effected through the speech itself when we have proved a truth or an apparent truth by means of the persuasive arguments suitable to the case in question. MYTHOS: a set of beliefs or assumptions about something. LOGOS: Logos (Logical) means persuading by the use of reasoning. This will be the most important technique we will study, and Aristotle's favorite. We'll look at deductive and inductive reasoning, and discuss what makes an effective, persuasive reason to back up your claims. Giving reasons is the heart of argumentation, and cannot be emphasized enough. We'll study the types of support you can use to substantiate your thesis, and look at some of the common logical fallacies, in order to avoid them in your writing. Who was THALES? Was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Miletus in Asia Minor and one of the Seven Sages of Greece. What separated Thales from others? Empedocles Compare Logos versus mythos: ...
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...introductory explanation b. Historical development of doctrine II. Arguments for the Existence of God 3 c. Cosmological Argument d. Teleological Argument e. Anthropological III. Atheism Versus Existence of God 11 f. Evidence used to disprove God’s existence g. The believers evidence to counter IV. Conclusion 13 h. Summary of the arguments i. Applications in the church today V. Introduction The existence of an omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, immutable, monotheistic God has come up against enormous resistance from the beginning of time. Early believers such as Moses, Elijah, Paul, and Peter all had to demonstrate that their God is the one true God at times. These believers even encountered persecution and ridicule for holding on to these beliefs at times. Nevertheless the challenges to these early believers tended to be demonstrating that their God was greater than their accuser’s god or gods. At times, it was through the words of men that the God of the Bible was shown to be greater, and other times it was through the action of God in the world and the inaction of the other gods that demonstrated His power and existence This paper will explain three arguments used to demonstrate the existence of God through scientific principles. His existence will be shown using the cosmological, teleological, and anthropological arguments. In academic areas especially science, the question of...
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...must: Inform people about the topic Explain your argument, and Convince your audience of your point of view. Complete the following matrix by: Choosing a concept (different from the topic of your persuasive essay) and writing it first as an informative statement, second as an explanatory statement, and third as a persuasive statement. An example has been provided for you in the Matrix. Provide examples from your persuasive essay of one informative statement, one explanatory statement, and one persuasive statement (all areas in green should be complete before submitting). Concept Informative Explanatory Persuasive Baseball (Example) Baseball is a sport. In baseball, infielders should creep toward the batter during the pitch because it is easier to react when in motion. Quality pitchers are more important than power hitters, because keeping runs off the board could give the pitcher’s team more opportunity win. Sex Trafficking Women, girls and sometimes males are enslaved for sex, in an act that is called Sex trafficking Sex trafficking is an epidemic that affects countless people mainly women and children. With many societies involved this pandemic is continuously spreading. To increase the awareness on this problem so that we can help minimize and possibly put an end to the act Example Found in My Persuasive Essay As discussed in the lecture, language is intertwined with critical thinking. Explain the relationship between...
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...Potential Topics * Cars - a blessing or a curse? * Given the traffic congestion on our roads, should we be doing more to keep cars off the road, and if so, what? * Should wolves be re-introduced to certain parts of Scotland? * Should humans treat farm animals more humanely? * Is there any place for zoos in a civilised society? * What is the future for the British (Scottish) countryside - a recreational retreat or a living, working environment for the production of food? Discuss. * Are celebrities entitled to privacy? * Are child beauty pageants morally acceptable? * It has been said that the glory game of football has been turned into the money game. To what extent do you think this statement is true and how has the game been affected? * Did the Olympics actually inspire the British population or what it a black hole for all our cash? * The Ryder Cup is the perfect example of what a united Europe can achieve – is this the way forward? * Do the various ages of consent need to be reviewed for the young people in this country? * How old is “too old” for parenthood? * Have improvements in contraception brought about liberation or a passport to promiscuity? * Has genetic engineering gone too far? * Cloning - a tremendous medical advance or an ominous development? * Should animal organs be used for human transplantation? * Should doctors have the right to refuse expensive treatment to patients who will not change their habits (eg...
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...of the assignments in your philosophy classes is to get you doing philosophy. But what is philosophy, and how is it to be done? The answer is complicated. Philosophers are often motivated by one or more of what we might call the “Big Questions,” such as: How should we live? Is there free will? How do we know anything? or, What is truth? While philosophers do not agree among themselves on either the range of proper philosophical questions or the proper methods of answering them, they do agree that merely expressing one’s personal opinions on controversial topics like these is not doing philosophy. Rather, philosophers insist on the method of first attaining clarity about the exact question being asked, and then providing answers supported by clear, logically structured arguments. An ideal philosophical argument should lead the reader in undeniable logical steps from obviously true premises to an unobvious conclusion. A negative argument is an objection that tries to show that a claim, theory, or argument is mistaken; if it does so successfully, we say that it refutes it. A positive argument tries to support a claim or theory, for example, the view that there is genuine free will, or the view that we should never eat animals. Positive philosophical arguments about the Big Questions that are ideal are extremely hard to construct, and philosophers interested in formulating or criticizing such arguments usually end up discussing other questions that may at first seem pedantic or contrived...
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...guidelines are routinely violated in good philosophical prose (e.g., see the guidelines on grammar, below). Contents • What Does One Do in a Philosophy Paper? • Three Stages of Writing o Early Stages o Write a Draft o Rewrite, and Keep Rewriting • Minor Points • How You'll Be Graded What Does One Do in a Philosophy Paper? 1. A philosophy paper consists of the reasoned defense of some claim Your paper must offer an argument. It can't consist in the mere report of your opinions, nor in a mere report of the opinions of the philosophers we discuss. You have to defend the claims you make. You have to offer reasons to believe them. So you can't just say: My view is that P. You must say something like: My view is that P. I believe this because... or: I find that the following considerations...provide a convincing argument for P. Similarly, don't just say: Descartes says that Q. Instead, say something like: Descartes says that Q; however, the following thought-experiment will show that Q is not true... or: Descartes says that Q. I find this claim plausible, for the following reasons... There are a variety of things a philosophy paper can aim to accomplish. It usually begins by putting some thesis or argument on the table for consideration....
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...Friedman hold virtually opposite beliefs as to what businesses’ responsibilities should be. In favor of the Stakeholder theory, Freeman believes that any person or organization that has a “stake” in the business should also play a role of participation in the business’s actions and decisions. In the other corner of the ring stands Milton Friedman, who holds the belief that said business is only responsible for those that actually own stock in the business – the owners, or stockholders. A strong believer in his reconceptualized Stakeholder Theory of the Modern Corporation, R. Edward Freeman believes the key to success in business is several stakeholders working together in a sort of interconnected “corporate system”. Freeman begins his argument by raising a simple question: For whose benefit and at whose expense should the firm be managed? To answer this question, Freeman attempts to explain why managerial capitalism no longer works. He notes, “The basic idea of managerial capitalism is that in return for controlling the firm, management vigorously pursues the interest of the stockholders” (Freeman, 38). Freeman begins to attack this idea of managerial capitalism with several arguments pertaining to why this form of capitalism no longer can work. He argues that corporations act with limited liability for their actions and remain seemingly immortal since the existence of the business “Transcends that of its members” (38). What he means by this is that if the business does something...
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...RESEARCH and WRITING CUSTOM EDITION Taken from: Writing Research Papers: A Complete Guide, Eleventh Edition by James D. Lester and James D. Lester, Jr. To the Point: Reading and Writing Short Arguments by Gilbert H. Muller and Harvey S. Wiener ISBN 0-558-55519-5 Research and Writing, Custom Edition. Published by Pearson Custom Publishing. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Custom Publishing. Taken from: Writing Research Papers: A Complete Guide, Eleventh Edition by James D. Lester and James D. Lester, Jr. Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Published by Pearson Longman, Inc. New York, New York 10036 To the Point: Reading and Writing Short Arguments by Gilbert H. Muller and Harvey S. Wiener Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Published by Pearson Longman, Inc. Copyright © 2006 by Pearson Custom Publishing All rights reserved. Permission in writing must be obtained from the publisher before any part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system. All trademarks, service marks, registered trademarks, and registered service marks are the property of their respective owners and are used herein for identification purposes only. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 0-536-97722-4 2005240359 AP Please visit our web site at www.pearsoncustom.com ISBN 0-558-55519-5 PEARSON CUSTOM PUBLISHING ...
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