...prisons in 1800 Harold Flower CHS/230 December 8, 2011 Vashell Anderson The history of prisons in 1800 Prisons before the 1800’s did not have women prisons. In those days the prison were mixed with men, children and women all in the same prison. The prisons in the 1800’s that held women prisoners were treated just like the men in those prison the women also had to do hard labor which consisted of sewing, laundry, cleaning and cooking. All the women were to act like lady’s but also had to be treated like men in those prisons the women talked about how they were over worked and that they wasn’t fed enough in the prisons of the 1800’s. After the 1800’s the prisons started to change this was depending where and what prison you was in at that time there was no toilets in most cases the toilet was a bucket and it might not have been emptied too often. There were prisoners that didn’t do much at all but sat around and waited to die also at that time the cafeterias were not established so the food was forced through the cell bars and you had to eat what they fed you and it wasn’t much and it tasted really bad. You was lucky to be fed every day in today’s prison you do get three meals a day, schooling, and do jobs that are inside the prison also there are some prisoners allowed to work outside the prison walls, there is clean running water with bathrooms and showers, and the best part is that the prisoners have bunks instead of laying on the ground. In the 1800’s there was some...
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...century (Hirst, 2012). From here, the transition began from Feudalism to the early stage Capitalism, where the ordinary people broke away from the Feudal system and owned property and the means of production as well as the resources to make and maintain wealth (Dictionary.com, 2012). England in the 1800’s was hard in comparison to today. The life expectancy for a man aged 20 in 1850 was 60.1 years compared to 76.7 in 2004 (Geoff Canyon's Appeal to Authority, 2009). This was mainly due to the living conditions and especially those in the poor area of East London, where animals not only shared the often over crowed living area with humans but also the human waste that was thrown onto the streets. Often those who lived in the bottom apartments lived close to if not in the stench, more so than those who lived multiple stories above the streets. With the pollution of human waste in the streets and the polluted River Thames from the sewage of the West End, no matter where you lived in the East End, you still had to walk through the rising filth. These living conditions were the main reason for the various outbreaks of diseases, sores and premature deaths during the 1800’s (Engels, 2005). Engels (2005) further discussed that a lack of medical assistance was a major issue, those that needed help had no way of obtaining it. Therefore, many of the illnesses of today were undiagnosed then; this could have been a major cause to many of the problems experienced during those...
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...Immigration Citizens Children The Effects of Immigration on Children and Families Introduction Illegal immigration is a very controversial issue within our society. There are families within our society that are made up of parents that are here illegally but have children who are born here and are citizens. But it is these citizens that are what I am referring to as the incomplete citizens. Who are these incomplete citizens and why are they being impacted by our society? Are there different stipulations for these children that are born to these undocumented families? Do they really receive the same rights as those born to U.S. citizens? Our societies including our politicians have different opinions about illegal immigration. Immigration reform negatively affects those children that are born to undocumented parents. They find themselves facing adversities that had the situation been different would never have to face. Working in an elementary school I have seen first hand how those children are affected as a result of their parent’s legal status. My purpose in this research is to show the emotional, educational, and financial effects that are inflicted on the undocumented families. This is a problem that is not going to be resolved overnight but rather this is a problem that is going to need help from the various disciplines. With this research more information will be found to present how children are affected through the different disciplines and how these disciplines...
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...people lived in the village, that town was made up fewer that ten houses on average and only occasionally had other buildings such as a school, church, or small store. The people lived together for protection, and traveled out to their farm land everyday to till, plant and harvest. With the advent of the industrial revolution staring in the early part of the nineteenth century and then even more so with the information revolution of the 1960's onward people began moving away from the country and into the city because that was where they worked. There were enough farms to support the people in the urban areas, and transportation became easier with trains and large trucks. This rapid growth, from a farm-based economy to one that relied on manufactured goods and then today's serviced-based economy has altered the face of the nation. The Problems of Urban Growth The problems the country faced, population skyrocketed, and city government faced problems of how to provide residence with needed services and safe living conditions. The separation of people into different groups and how those people adapted to urban life during the transition away from their propinquity roots are all distinct elements of how America became an urban nation. When people begin moving closer together there are issues with the increase in people that occupy a smaller space and a decrease in the land available to grow food. The average person needs the same amount of food regardless of how close they live...
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...figures have argued that homosexuality is a sin. Western religions typically consisting of Christianity and Catholicism, state that homosexuality is against nature and the word God. These statements are true and can be found several times in the Bible as well as other religious scriptures. Though, homosexuality is frowned upon, one’s personal religious beliefs should not be imposed on another human being. As stated best, in the article written by Julian Bond, “Opposing Same-Sex Marriage Discriminates Against Gays. Marriage is a civil right. If you don't want gay people to marry in your church, all right. But you cannot say they can't be married in city hall because of your religious beliefs” (Bond). The Separation of Church and State was established in the 1800’s to protect the rights of American...
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...mode of subsistence is horticulturalists and agriculturalists, because they live off of everything hand grown, whether livestock or vegetables. In this paper, we will explore the way of life for the Amish: beliefs and values, gender relation, and social organization. The Amish religion requires them to abide by the rules of their bible, just like many other religions follow the rules of their bibles as well. The Amish culture originated in the early 1600’s in Bern, Switzerland, and southwestern region of Germany. The word "Amish" comes from the name of the man who formed the sect Jakob Ammann. “Amman maintained a stricter interpretation of Anabaptist doctrine and advocated foot washing and Meidung or the strict social avoidance (shunning) of the excommunicated unfaithful. When other Anabaptist leaders refused to agree to the strict interpretation of the Miedung, Amman forced a split, in about 1693, which resulted in the creation of the Amish”(Byers, 2008). Members of the Amish sect migrated to Pennsylvania in the 1700s and 1800s. Although these communities originated in Europe, they can no longer be found there. The last congregation dissolved in 1937. Thriving Amish communities can be found throughout North America. Seventy percent of the Amish live in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana. The remaining members reside in 20 other states and Ontario, Canada. During their suspension, they split...
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...Two Cultures: Bridging the Gap with Etic and Emic Viewpoint Culture is defined as a learned system of beliefs, feelings, and rules for living through which they organize their lives. Culture is a way of life that is passed from one generation to the next, and societies within the culture are guided by their learned system of beliefs, feelings, and rules for living. Within the customs of their culture, people within society are taught that they share some common understandings with one another. Being taught the customs, members of society are expected to follow the traditional customs of the group. Cultural relativism recognizes that different cultures have distinct social trajectories, or chosen paths (Carpo, 2013). In understanding a specific custom within a culture, it is important to view the culture from an outside perspective (etic). This is exactly what I will demonstrate within the first section of this paper while expanding and discovering another culture from an inside perspective (emic) which shows how even though customs are different within various cultures a different viewpoint can illuminate the entire picture and bridge the gap between both cultures – the Aboriginals and African Americans. Part I – Religion and the African American Culture among Other Things Religion and the Black Church in African American society, in regards to the socio-cultural, economic and political issues of the 20th century, has branched the African American experience of mere individual...
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...When it came to men, patriarchy comes in. Patriarchy In the united states in where society or the government hold the power and women are largely excluded from it. Men were able to get a full time wife who would only be home with the kids just waiting for him at home with dinner ready. That is the way it had to be, they didn’t have much of a choice. Women had to depend on a man, that was the life of a women in the 1840’s. Men were the only ones who could earn a salary, own property, and enter into contracts. There for women did not have anything in her name to own. Women couldn’t have the same rights as men could so that became a problem when women got tired of the unfair rights they...
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...and this explained how together they have both tried to unravel various workings in the area of desistance. They have defined the desistance as the period of time when the criminal or delinquent actions ends permanently. Comparing this notion, they define suspension as an interruption in offending activities. Laub and Sampson also showed how Maruna (2001), points out that the fore mentioned researchers, in addition to their definitions, view desistance as a developmental progression, and not as a happening; which means the rate of offending recurring decelerates and also becomes far less appealing. In a documentary by Allen Weaver, on desistance, he spoke about Laub and Sampson’s study, about a research that was conducted in the 1940’s as part of a Harvard University study on delinquent boys. Laub and Sampson posed the questions; “Where are they now?” and “How did their lives turn out?” Laub and Sampson found that nearly all of the delinquents desisted from crime, some faster and some slower. When Professor John H. Laub was interviewed for the documentary, he stated that he and Professor Sampson had indentified certain turning...
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...Major Event/Epoch in American History Time Period/Date(s) Description and Significance of the People/Event(s) to American History 1) Describe three different American Indian cultures prior to colonization. 1200-1900 C.E. Great Indian societies such as the Aztec, Mayan, Inca, and Toltec would emerge. They had complex structures of government and built large cities. These cities would even be seen as impressive to the Europeans when they later arrived on the continent (Brands, Breen, Williams, Gross, 2012). The Aztecs were the most powerful of the Indians and expanded their empire as they conquered many other tribes all throughout what is now Mexico. The groups along the Atlantic coast were smaller in numbers and not as agriculturally advanced. These cultures were more peaceful and even had some democratic type qualities to them. Many of the Europeans first contact would be with these communities. 2) The effects of British colonization on the Native Americans. 1600’s Despite Columbus and other explorers going off to the New World, the British did not show any major interest until the late 1500’s. The most immediate effect of the arrival of British settlers was the issue of land. They were taking land and resources that were not their own. However with peaceful relations there was plenty of land for both early settlers and the Native Americans. Early contact between English settlers and Native Americans was not filled with hostility but was rather peaceful. Both parties were interested...
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...Executive Summary - Divorce Group 1 Statistics and History - Anteous Lewis 1 Types of Divorce - Christopher Leto 3 Conflicts and Negotiations - Spencer Griffin 6 Third Party Negotiation - Tiquoia Francis 7 Effects and Influences on Family Life - Joshua Norman 8 Works Cited 11 Statistics & History - Not surprisingly, divorce rates have only increased over time. There are a variety of factors that contribute to this, including general attitudes towards divorce and marriage in society. While statistics reveal a steady increase in divorce rates, it wasn't until the 70s that divorce became statistically prevalent. According to the CDC's report 100 Years of Divorce and Marriage Statistics, divorce rates went from less than 3% to almost 7% from the late 1800s to the late 1960s. There were a variety of factors that influenced divorce rates. The statistics below show the percentage of divorces that occurred out of the total number of marriages for a given year. Prior to 1867, divorce statistics were not recorded. While there certainly was a stigma attached to divorcing a spouse in the 1800s, divorce still happened on occasion. One factor that influenced divorce statistics at this time was the fact that women, outside of marriage, had very few economic opportunities. While the trend thus far in history had been for the divorce rate to increase, this isn't quite the case with the 30s. Due to the depression in the 20s, many couples stayed together...
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...University of Westminster Westminster Business School Module code and title: BBUS401.1 Perspectives On Organizations Essay on “What is stress at work? Set out the main causes of stress at work and explain why it can have serious effects on individuals and organizations.” Student Name: Ahmed Muhud Seminar leader name: Donna Kamal Word Count: 1636/ 1800 (+/- 10%) Date: 11.12.2012 To begin with, Hans Selye was first to define the term stress, “as a non specific response of the body to any demand made upon it”(cited in Jones, 2011, p. 90). According to Health and Safety Executive (HSE) stress is defined as an “as a harmful reaction that people have to undue pressures and demands placed on them at work”. The origin of stress can be split into two parts: physical and behavioral manifestations (Speaking Book). Sickness, tiredness, cerebral pains, muscle pressure, noise, night shifts and monotonous tasks these are all part of the physical side effects. The behavioral symptoms are nervousness, emotions of disappointment, negative thoughts, time pressure, poor decision-making, steady changes of the mood, and separation from the world and individuals (BMJ, 1996). Since 2001/02 new instances of sick wellbeing have dropped, reaching a low of 452 000 in 2011/12 (Health and Safety statistics, 2014). In 2012/13 no ill information was gathered however in 2013/14 the quantity of new cases expanded to 535 000, a comparative level to that in 2009/10 (Health and Safety...
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...PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ACADEMIC YEAR: 2014-2015 ANALYSING IMPACT OF DIVORCE ON FAMILY SOCIAL WELFARE IN RWANDA Case study: KIYUMBA Sector, MUHANGA District :( 2008-2015). MEMOIRE Presented by: TUYISINGIZE Nazard Tel: 0787848528, E-mail:nazardt@yahoo.com/tunazy0513@gmail.com Supervisor: Mr. John GASASIRA Huye, April 2015 Declaration I, the undersigned TUYISINGIZE Nazard a student of University of Rwanda, College of Arts and Social Sciences, Department of Political Science, option of Public Administration hereby declare that the work presented in this dissertation is my original work and has never been presented anywhere else for any other academic qualifications at any university or institution either in Rwanda or out of country. Student‘s Signature………………………………………………………… Names: ……………………………………………………………………… Date: ………………………………………………………………………… Supervisor’s Signature………………………………………………………… Names: ………………………………………………………………………… Date: …………………………………………………………………………. DEDICATION To my God To my parents To my brothers and sisters To my relatives and friends ACKNOWLEGMENTS First of all, I highly thank God, who helps and protect me in all my activities under to his love and goodness toward me may glory, honor and praise be to him forever and ever. I would like to thank especially my family: parents, brothers, sisters, for their unforgettable mutual support through the...
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...MARRIAGE ACT 1961 (Cth) (s 5); Hyde v Hyde; s 43(a) FLA) * 4 ELEMENTS: Marriage means the union of a man and a woman to the exclusion of all others voluntarily entered into for life * Men and women… without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion have a right to marry and found a family…entitled to equal rights…(Article 16; UDoHR) 2. RESTRICTIONS AS TO MARRIAGE * S 88E – Cannot marry overseas (same sex) and return and legally register marriage (Marriage Act) 3. ELEMENTS OF MARRIAGE * Dwelling under the same roof, sex, mutual society and protection, recognition of marriage in public and private relationships (Todd and Todd) 1. ONE and ONE woman – monogamous mature (serial polygamy is permitted – remarriage after a former marriage has been dissolved) i. S 6 FLA – Polygamous relationships entered outside of Australia, shall be deemed to be a marriage when changing domicile to Australia 2. HETEROSEXUAL (Corbett v Corbett) 3. FOR LIFE 4. VOLUNTARILY ENTERED INTO 4. LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF MARRIAGE * Entitled to certain rights and owe legal responsibilities a) DETERMINE “TRUE SEX” i) CORBETT AND CORBETT a. Chromosomal: XY Male b. Gonadal: Male (testicles prior to operation c. Genital: Male (prior to operation WHAT YOU ARE AT BIRTH IS WHAT YOU ARE ii) RE KEVIN a) Peers and family considered him to be...
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...au/contacts/forms/services/services-form.htm Note: If you wish to speak to a government department or non-government organisation and you need the assistance of an interpreter, ring the Translating and Interpreting Service (TIS National) on 13 1450 during business hours, which are generally 9.00 am to 5.00 pm. Ask TIS National to set up a three-way conversation between you, one of their interpreters and the organisation you wish to speak with. See Chapter 2, Help with English for more information about TIS National. Telephone numbers: Telephone numbers beginning with 1800 are free calls if you ring from a private telephone and cost the same as a local call if you ring from a payphone. Numbers beginning with 13 or 1300 are charged at local call rates. Some 1300 and 1800 numbers can be used only from outside the capital city. Mobile phone rates apply to calls from mobile phones. For telephone numbers that do not begin with 13, 1300 or 1800: If ringing from outside Australia, dial the Australian prefix 61, then the area code without the 0, then the number. If ringing from within Australia but outside the relevant state or territory, dial the area code, and then the number. Albanian...
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