...Compare and contrast William Brickman and Paul Freire By: Helena Gray Northcentral University Presented to Dr. Stein June 29, 2014 Introduction: This paper speaks about the two individuals, William Brickman and Paulo Frere’s. Even though some of their thought and view on education were different, they had some similarities. The paper will explain their birth, death, achievements and the difficulties both men faced through their journey in the field of education. Compare & Contrast William Brickman and Paulo Freire William Brickman was born on June 30, 1913 and died of Leukemia on June 22, 1988 at Philadelphia hospital. He was the founder and president of the comparative and International Education Society. Brickman attended city schools and earned his bachelor and master at the City College in New York, and his Ph.D at the University of Pennsylvania. His teaching began at City College, where he taught for over 40 years, the New York University and the University of Pennsylvania. One of his achievements as a teacher, and researcher, was in the field of education and Comparative and International Education. Brickman encouraged and published young scholars, contributed article to encyclopedia, and wrote many articles and reviews for professional journals. The opportunity to interact with people from other cultures at an early age drove him to learn their languages and pursue more into his research of comparative education (Silova & Brehm, 2010 p. 20). He held...
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...“The Banking Concept of Education” “The Banking Concept of Education,” from Pedagogy of the Oppressed by Paulo Freire. New York: Continuum, 1993. Translated by Myra Bergman Ramos [This is the citation information you will need to construct a Works Cited entry; for in-text citation, use Paulo Freire’s last name and the paragraph number (since this is a reprint and not the original, book-length source). Consult your Easy Writer for information about citing a book with a translator]. A careful analysis of the teacher-student relationship at any level, inside or outside the school, reveals its fundamentally narrative character. This relationship involves a narrating Subject (the teacher) and patient, listening objects (the students). The contents, whether values or empirical dimensions of reality, tend in the process of being narrated to become lifeless and petrified. Education is suffering from narration sickness. The teacher talks about reality as if it were motionless, static, compartmentalized, and predictable. Or else he expounds on a topic completely alien to the existential experience of the students. His task is to "fill" the students with the contents of his narration—contents which are detached from reality, disconnected from the totality that engendered them and could give them significance. Words are emptied of their concreteness and become a hollow, alienated, and alienating verbosity. The outstanding characteristic of this narrative education, then, is the...
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...Paulo Freire writes “The “Banking” Concept of Education” to inform readers about the education system and to persuade readers with his opinions and statements that the “banking” concept of education should not be adopted in the education of students rather it should be the “problem-posing” method. In his writing he explains the education system as “A careful analysis of the teacher-student relationship at any level, inside or outside the school, reveals its fundamentally narrative character. This relationship involves a narrating Subject (the teacher) and patient, listening objects (the students)… Education is suffering from narration sickness.” Freire believes that education is suffering from a relationship of a teacher that speaks and a student that just listens to what the teacher will narrate. For example, “the outstanding characteristic of this narrative education… is the sonority...
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...A Comparison of William Brickman and Paulo Freire (1921-1997) Paulo Freire (1921-1997) was an advocate for the liberation of the oppressed through the process of critical thought. He learned at an early age that conventional education is a vehicle for oppression and to escape that oppression, one must develop critical consciousness. Freire believed that students should be “given encouragement and opportunity to engage in critical thinking in the quest for the humanization of both learner and teacher” (Flanagan, 2005, p. 189). This quest for humanization and the transcendence from oppression is attained when both teacher and student is neither subject nor object but equal in the process of exchanging learning. Freire’s methodology endures today in quality education at all levels as student creativity is both encouraged and enhanced through dialogue and lived experiences. William Brickman is known as the founder of the Comparative Education Society. His greatest contribution to the field of education was his extensive research in diversified education. Through his participation in various cultures and exchanges with foreign scholars, William Brickman led the charge for comparative education. He promoted his belief of academic freedom and championed the idea that “there was no one correct way of doing comparative education” (Brehm, W.C., and Silova, I., Summer 2010, p. 23). As with any pioneer, both Freire and Brickman struggled with resistance to their methodologies...
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...Paul Freire is a well-known scholar for his famous work in his early days in Brazil working with the poor and uneducated in poor communities bringing hope to those that were excluded by society. As a priest, Freire understood not just the educational systems but also the political part that education plays in greater role in creating consciousness in an individual’s life. Freire was heavily influence by Marxism theories and he rejected the practice of educational models that are applied in educating the poor and marginalized. Freire also understood that the key to liberate the poor and marginalized individuals must be through education due to the benefits of rehabilitation that education can provided to marginalized people. He criticized...
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...chapter two of the Pedagogy of the Oppressed, the author, Paulo Freire contrasts the style of education society currently uses, the banking system, and the one it should use, the problem-posing system. Freire claims that in modern day education, teachers are the narrating objects and students are the listening objects. In this relationship, the students are storage containers and the teachers are filling them up with mechanical information about the world. The author believes that in this system, the teachers are acting as oppressors while the students assumed the role of oppressed. This is because the students’ creativity is suppressed in this process. In order to correct this, the author maintains that education be switched to a problem-posing system. Through this alternative methodology, the pupils...
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...1. How would you paraphrase Freire's central argument, his thesis? What key moments, key words, and key phrases in the essay clarify his thesis for you? Make sure to mention specifics from the texts. The central argument that Freire is trying to make is that the educational system is flawed. Teachers are simply putting information into containers (students) and the containers accept. “The student records, memorizes, and repeats…without perceiving” (1) what they are saying. There is no reciprocal learning happening, that you are told information and you regurgitate it back to prove your knowledge and understanding. “The teacher teaches and the students are taught.” (2) “The more completely he fills the receptacles, the better a teacher he is. The more meekly the receptacles permit themselves to be filled, the better students they are.” (1) He considers this to be the “banking concept of education. In which the scope of action allowed to the students extends only as far as receiving, filing, and storing the deposits”, which he also deems as incorrect, that there are indeed other ways to educate that produce better people. Freire goes on to argue that the banking concept should be left in the past and teachers should instead use a problem-posing concept. He believes that students must be able to see that what they learn can have an effect on the world thus have the ability to change the world. That, “sooner or later they...
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...communicating, the teacher issues communiques and makes deposits which the students patiently receive, memorize, and repeat. This is the "banking" concept of education, in which the scope of action allowed to the students extends only as far as receiving, filing, and storing the deposits (para. 5). The banking concept of education is affecting current educational systems by guiding both educational patrons and their students in a direction of oppression and conformity. This is being done by taking away any potential interactions between teachers and students, turning a bidirectional conversation into a one directional narrative where the teacher is raised to a position of knowledge, while the student is lowered to a position of ignorance. Freire explains this clearly by writing: In the banking concept of education, knowledge is a gift bestowed by those who consider themselves knowledgeable upon those whom they consider to...
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...Former Teacher Future Community Organizer Rural Old South, GA 30000 August 23, 2011 Dear Paulo Freire, As a former teacher of students at a public therapeutic school, I feel that we have a connection, if only as fellow educators. Most teachers only want the best for their students. I am against the thought of “banking education” (pouring information into a student, and then the students spit the information back out) as I know you are. In my former school for “troubled children,” the teachers and other staff had power over the students. This was for safety concerns, such as suicide. I know that you are known for actively sharing power, and believe in power “with the people.”In your work with marginalized people you never blamed the victim, as is often done. I know that you are famous, but you also identify with common people and educators like me. Our school has had many issues primarily with our funding. But the main problem is (I realize that you like to name the problem first) that I and other former teachers are getting ready to lose our retirement benefits! We worked extra hours weekly at our local community elementary school to ensure that our benefits would be available when we retired! Now when many of us need more income, it is going to be reduced, or discontinued. This problem can easily be explained. The funds were redirected to a fleet of expensive cars that are being driven around by public school board members. Now that the problem has been...
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...In what ways do Freire and Pratt agree? Education must complete a full circle. Directional conversations should contain balance and patience. Doing this aids in the effort of growth. Freire explains in The “Banking” Concept of Education, if men and women are searchers and their ontological vocation is humanization, sooner or later they may perceive the contradiction in which banking education seeks to maintain them, and then engage them in the struggle for liberation. In this Freire elaborates there must be a true relationship between student and teacher. Any task without a purpose lacks reason. It is in our being to crave understanding. It is in our DNA to evolve. Our eyes have been set centered and forward. To move forward is in all that we are. Do not follow an ontological path, create one! When engaged upon conversations seek all of its contents. Pratt states in Art of the Contact Zone, “Descriptions of interactions between people in conversations, classrooms, medical and bureaucratic settings, readily take it for granted that the situation is governed by a single set of rules or norms shared by all participants.” Every turn you make a game waits. How you play the game is entirely up to you. Be mindful of all view points and ask yourself, “What is their angle?” Pratt later explains, “A classroom is analyzed as a social world unified and homogenized with respect to the teacher, whatever students do other than what the teacher specifies is invisible or anomalous to...
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...Mindless or Productive? We all enjoyed watching high school sports back in our day. We saw our school beat other schools from around the region, we watched our friends play their hearts out doing the sport they loved, and we even showed off our school spirit by wearing our school’s colors. We thrived off seeing our friends perform and entertaining the crowd with their skills in different sports. However, there seems to be a common trend about what students and everyone else think about when considering the high school athletes: Are they dumb, mindless, and a waste of time and money? Well I believe that high school athletes are not mindless and dumb, but rather very productive, both athletically and academically. The first reason is that the sports they play in keeps them healthy and active. There are numerous reports that show how being active in sports actually benefits you not only academically, but also in a healthy way too. By being active, you can lose weight, feel happier, and live longer. Most importantly, it can make you smarter and help you concentrate (http://www.activecoquitlam.ca). When you play in a sport, your brain is firing neuro-receptors into both the left and the right hemispheres each time you run, catch, or throw a ball. Thus, coordination and communication is improved between the two hemispheres and more receptors grow each time, which is key to learning information through experiences (Oden). By being active in sports, not only are you gaining experience...
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...Cultural Action for Freedom Paulo Freire Introduction I think it is important—for my own sake as well as the reader’s—that we try, at the very outset, to clarify some points fundamental to the general understanding of my ideas on education as cultural action for freedom. This is all the more important since one of the basic aims of this work, where the process of adult literacy is discussed, is to show that if our option is for man, education is cultural action for freedom and therefore an act of knowing and not of memorization. This act can never be accounted for in its complex totality by a mechanistic theory, for such a theory does not perceive education in general and adult literacy in particular as an act of knowing. Instead, it reduces the practice of education to a complex of techniques, naively considered to be neutral, by means of which the educational process is standardized in a sterile and bureaucratic operation. This is not a gratuitous assertion. We will later clarify the radical distinction between knowing and memorizing and the reasons why we attach such importance to the adult literacy process. But first, some words about the socio-historical conditioning of the thinking presented here, as well as an explanation of the necessity for critical reflection on such conditioning. From a non-dualistic viewpoint, thought and language, constituting a whole, always refer to the reality of the thinking subject. Authentic thought-language is generated...
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...Reading this chapter by Paulo Freire, and discussing the “Banking Concept of Education,” brought up many thoughts on what really is the meaning behind the concept. From reading this packet, Freire is criticizing the way education is given out to students. You may say, the students are vessels, and the teacher is supposed to fill them with knowledge. The part that was strong on this meaning was on page 73, the list from chapter two. “The teacher knows everything and the students know nothing.” “The teacher teaches and the student are taught.” These two readings are straightforward but, hold a deeper meaning. Normal education is pictured as, the student comes to class and the teacher is obliged to teach them. By this I mean the teacher...
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...Paul Freire (1921-1997) left a remarkable mark on the perception of the ways in which education can change the oppressed. He championed for the progressive practice and active learner’s participation in formulating how education should be developed and implemented. According to him, education is never neutral; it is manipulated by those in power to oppress their subjects. The humanization process of education is a state where no one is subject or object over the other. Through education, the oppressed should be empowered to see the conditions that keep them in their current state (Flanagan, 2005). By understanding that their predicament is not natural the oppressed should then discover alternatives to what had been perceived as natural “Education empowers the oppressed to discover alternatives to situations which have been taken as natural, necessary and unchangeable” (Flanagan, 2005 p. 186). Paul Freire’s contribution to overcoming this problem was through reversing the depository position of students, encouraging the creativity of the student to be in accordance with their lived experiences, promoting freedom, the praxis of thought and action and dialogue that incorporates charity, faith and hope (Gadotti, 1994). William Brickman greatly contributed the field of comparative and international education. He is also the founder of Comparative Education Society. Through wide research, travels and participation in other cultures William Brickman encouraged the joint cooperation...
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...ENGL 1213 20 January 2012 Paulo Freire takes us back to his house in Recife, Brazil where he was born and describes to us the birds, trees, and structure of his home. It is here that Paulo begins to learn to read and have his first experiences with letters, texts and words. Every one of our students’ first experiences with the written word is never going to be the exact duplicate of another. “The texts, the words, the letters of that context were incarnated in a series of things, objects, signs…in perceiving these, I experienced myself, and the more I experience myself, the more my perceptual capacity increased” (Freire 282). The texts, letters and words would take on images of items of Freire’s world and the more he read the more images and signs would emerge. Reading was something Freire did by using words from his world, which was further continued in his education. In his mention of a private school lessons in regards to reading was its’ congruent relationship with reading word-world. In our school systems today it is very important to realize this word-world relationship is different for every student. The images and signs being brought out by texts, letters, and words can be very different from their classmate. In trying to incorporate culturally relevant pedagogical lessons as teachers we can include a variety of different texts and literature in our classroom and expect that each of our students will have different views and understanding of the text. In Freire’s...
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