...Frontal lobe is located at the front in the brain. Its function helps with planning, organism solving problems, emotional control, thinking, and etc. The frontal lobe is the largest of the cerebral cortex. In the paragraph the frontal lobe was used when she is thinking and planning for test. She also uses problem solving when answering the questions of the exam she will take. Lastly because she used her frontal lobe when she made a plan to study with her friends. Acetylcholine is a compound that occurs in the nervous system, it functions in the brain and the body. It is produced in the basal forebrain and in other parts. Acetylcholine could help promote learning. In rare cases Acetylcholine can actually trigger memory loss. In the paragraph...
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...Phineas Gage Paper PSY360 Cognitive Psychology Bobbi G. Rice November 21, 2010 Diana Keys Phineas Gage Paper Phineas P Gage was a railway construction workman who, in 1848, received a devastating penetrating head injury. A 4 ft long tamping iron was fired by accident through his skull destroying both frontal lobes. He survived the accident by chance, the care he received from colleagues at the scene and through medical care received from doctors (Grieve, 2010). Gage remained conscious on the way to the local physician. Upon arrival, Dr. Harlow, the attending physician, bandaged his wounds, which continued to bleed for another 2 days. Gage showed no obvious, immediate mental discrepancies, but an aggressive viral infection set in at the damaged area which led to a month of semiconscious recovery. Once infection finally subsided, Gage made a complete recovery, except for blindness in his left eye and weakness in the left side of his face. Upon his returning to work it became quite evident that Mr. Gage was not entirely himself. The damage to Gage’s brain was located in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex; but, in order to understand the personality changes that Gage underwent after his recovery it is necessary to first examine the underlying neurological and cognitive interplay thereof. “The higher cognitive functions, working memory, mental imagery, and willed action, are all intimately associated with consciousness” (Frith & R, 1996, ). Perception, attention...
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...Shrijal Desai Rhetoric 105 5 December 2014 Cognitive and Social Development in Children From Bill Gates and Steve Jobs to Mark Zuckerberg and Steve Chen, these famous house-hold names have impacted our society immensely through their ingenuity and creative inventions. These big names have had a significant influence on people, specifically children, from not only the education they received but also the environment from which the education was provided.The environment in which one is in plays a key role in the progression a person makes, in terms of cognitive and social development which contribute to educational success. Whether the location is one that catalyzes and promotes growth and excellence, or one that decelerates the maturation of a child’s cognitive and social ability, the neighborhoods in which people are raised in have a large impact on children who are moving through the developmental process. Hence, two vastly different locations, in this case the town of Englewood, Chicago and Wicker Park, Chicago, have completely opposite effects on the children in each respective neighborhood. The notorious neighborhood of Englewood has a reputation for being a crime infested, violent area. On the contrary, Wicker Park is known for the numerous artist that inhabit the town, as well the art shows and festivals that take place annually and the location’s successful school system. The issue of these poverty stricken locations and their effect on the development of children...
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...there was a significant impairment in executive functions and divided attention in the elderly’s performance on the two tests as compared to the young adult whose abilities seem intact. INTRODUCTION The cerebral cortex can be divided into four sections, which are known as lobes, named for the bones of the skull that cover them. The frontal lobe refers to the anterior portion of the cerebral cortex and includes everything in front of the central sulcus. The frontal lobe contains most of the dopamine-sensitive neurons in the cerebral cortex. The dopamine system is associated with reward, attention, short-term memory tasks, planning, and drive. Dopamine tends to limit and select sensory information arriving from the thalamus to the fore-brain. Recent advances have uncovered important roles for the frontal lobes in a multitude of cognitive processes, such as executive function, attention, memory, and language. The importance of the frontal lobes in processes underlying affect, mood, personality, self-awareness, as well as social and moral reasoning, is also a renewed area for research.The prefrontal cortex makes it possible to perceive, even anticipate the consequences of brain's behaviour. The frontal lobes are considered as the emotional control centre and home to personality. Posner presents a model of attention that proposes that...
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...The Brain and Behavior Essay The temporal and frontal lobes of the brain play a significant role in behavior and decision processing. The temporal lobe is located in the bottom middle part of the cortex, or more commonly recognized, right behind the temples on each side of the brain. It is primarily responsible for processing auditory information for hearing and comprehension. (Brainmadesimple.com, 2014) The frontal lobe is located in the upper are of the cortex. The primary function of the frontal lobe is processing higher mental functioning such as thinking and decision making. (Brainmadesimple.com, 2014) It is also one of the four major divisions of the cerebral cortex. The temporal lobe regulates memory, hearing, emotions, language, and learning abilities. Sensory receptors work together to regulate overstimulation of the various criterions. The temporal lobe also works to turn short term memory into long term memory. When damage happens to the temporal lobe Wernickes aphasia may occur. Wernickes aphasia affects the left temporal lobe; however five percent of individual the right temporal lobe is affected. This damaged condition results in receptor problems. The individual may have the ability to hear speech, but they will have a great difficulty understanding the meaning of the words. Other disorders that affect the temporal lobe are epilepsy as well as dementia. Other damage symptoms of the temporal lobe are problems with visual perceptions, impaired long-term memory...
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...the brains are broken down into categories called lobes. The lobe that controls a person’s hearing and language is the temporal lobe. The temporal lobes are actually located on both sides of the brain. The temporal lobe helps people register what it is they are hearing when they are either talking or listening. When some sort of damage is happened to the temporal lobe people are able to still hear things but will have a hard time understanding the meaning of words, this is called receptive (or fluent) aphasia. This damaged area is also known as the Wernicke’s area. The most important part of the brain that really makes up a person’s self and has higher mental abilities (which means it helps with reasoning and planning) is the frontal lobe part of the brain. The frontal lobe gets its’ name from the location of the brain. It is in located on the front part of the brain and it is a massive lobe at that. Not only does the frontal lobe make up a person’s self, but it also has another role which is motor control. Motor control refers to every movement that your body can make. These movements can be as little as moving a finger to as big as running or swimming. Another thing to know is that the frontal lobe has more tissue dedicated for certain motor skills of the body than it might for others. A good example of this would be how skilled people are with their hands more than they are with their feet. Other parts of the frontal lobe combine and processes information. An example of...
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...that person’s direct involvement. Current psychology entirely defines a thought as being a process of intellectual or mental exertion with an intention of finding a particular answer to a solution or a query to a problem. A thought ideally does have an anatomical basis since it involves various processes in the mind, which enables it to be completed fully (Holyoak & Morrison, 2012). According to Plotkin (2008), the fundamental initiation process of a thought as well as its development primarily involves the cortex. Research conducted recently by noble authors have shown that cortical structures and in particular the frontal lobes perform a vital function in the effective coordination of information. A good example of this can be traced to a person thinking about visiting a local grocery they have never visited before. Such a person will have a combination of various small pieces of knowledge they have concerning the grocery layout, the area map information, probable time required to get there and the likelihood of traffic scenarios. All these vital information will enable that person to travel on the best route required to reach the grocery. This action will involve keen control of information contained in the working memory, which is ably coordinated efficiently by the frontal lobes. The parietal lobe is among the three known lobes and it plays the most paramount role, which eventually makes up the thinking process. The parietal lobe is mainly concerned with...
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...surviving in Woburn simply outdoors Boston. When his skull was examined it was found that both sides of his prefrontal cortex received severe damage due that iron rod which passes through his head. Discussion The primary single-process answers gain coming from Ferrier’s 1876 experiment based conclusion a pre-frontally found inhibitory-motor mechanism manipulated measures by simply regulatory the particular relationship relating to the brain’s physical and motor parts. 2 years after primary formulating the particular device, Ferrier applied this kind of inability regarding inhibition to explain Phineas’ signs. (Ferrier, 1878). The change in his behavior was because of that major damage to his brain. Our brain is divided into several lobes. Frontal lobes are the important parts of our brain, which help us in the movement, language and memory (motor function). They also supervise and help in coordinating most other brain functions this...
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...Brain Response of Behavior BEH/225 December 15, 2013 This paper will explain the communication process of the neurons in the brain, the major regions of the brain and what functions of behavior the systems of each region control, and the sensory process. Part I There are 100 billion neurons in your brain. They are the basic building block of the nervous system. They are also known as nerve cells. There are three parts to a neuron, the dendrites, the cell body and the axon. Using electrical and chemical signals neurons convey information; this process is the foundation for brain function. Neurons need to transmit information within the neuron and from one neuron to the next. To do this they use electrical signals and chemical messengers. Dendrites receive information from sensory receptors or other neurons. The information is then passed down to the cell body and on to the axon. It then travels down the length of the axon as an electrical signal. This is known as an action potential. Action potential is also known as the nerve impulse. It sweeps down the axon reaching speeds up to 200 miles per hour. There is a microscopic space between two neurons that messages must pass. This space is called a synapse. When an action potential reaches the tips of the axon terminals, neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic gap (Coon & Mitterer, n.d.). Sometimes electrical signal can bridge the gap. If not the neurotransmitters are needed to send the information. Neurotransmitters...
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...functioning (Willingham, 2007). Different areas of the brain support different cognitive functions. The amygdala, hippocampus, and the rhinal cortex are all responsible for memory. Emotional memory and memories which are prompted by emotional behavior are all stored in the amygdala. The hippocampus is responsible for receiving information from the senses and then translating them into an individual’s short-term memory. Learned information is recalled from the rhinal cortex. “The cerebral cortex is what is studied, photographed and imaged when one begins to reference the brain” (Willingham, 2007). There are four lobes in the cerebral cortex; these are the frontal, occipital, parietal, and temporal. Each of these lobes are connected to cognitive function in one way or another. Four lobes and the brain An individual’s personality and ability to express emotions is due to the frontal lobe. Because of its...
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...Phineas Gage Wilson PSY 360 10/15/14 Robert Goodnight Phinea's Gage Paper From past to present the study of psychology has lead researcher's to uncover scientifically based studies about human brain power that can manipulate numerous functions related to cognition. The human brain is responsible for memory, perception, learning, and emotions that contribute to how information is gathered; in addition, environmental factors can determine how information is recorded and utilized. The brain is a huge operating system of which human cognitive skills and abilities depend on proper brain functioning that regulate particular biological processes. Cerebral Cortex The Cerebral Cortex is a region of the brain predominantly responsible for identifying human language; environmental perception and methods of which the brain will process information retrieved. The cerebral cortex is divided into a right and left hemisphere that contains four lobes; parietal, frontal, occipital and temporal. Within the cerebral cortex each lobe controls a particular bodily function that allows us to see, hear, smell, and touch. The executive functioning happens within the frontal lobe which controls human thinking and the method of which we reason and make judgments. "The frontal lobe is susceptible to injury because of the position inside of the skull. This area of the brain is responsible for motor function, solving problems, socialization, and impulse...
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...Introduction The brain is most complex of all of the organs in the body. The brain is the place where emotions, perception, planning, memory, action, thinking, learning and language, among other things, all take place. Cognitive functioning takes place in the cerebrum, the largest part of the brain and is carried out by neurons. The brain is made up of thousands of neurons that are responsible for carrying messages from the brain and into the body. These neurons interact with one another by releasing a neurotransmitter that fits on to the receptor of a neighboring neuron. When the receptor is triggered in the brain it causes the body to react, act, think, feel, learn and so forth. But how does this actually work? Brain imaging has given us some insight to answer this question. Brain imaging like MRI’s, CAT, and PET scans all help in discovering the brains role in cognitive functioning. Advances in imaging technology have helped researchers pin point which areas of the brain are responsible for thinking, learning and memory. By recording activity of the brain in action, researchers can examine the systems of brain regions that participate in different cognitive functions, ranging from basic sensory and motor functions to complex functions like reasoning and language understanding. According to the Center for Neural Basis of Cognition (CNBC) at the University of Pittsburg “To discover how brain cells actually support cognitive processes, CNBC investigators use physiological studies...
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...Clint Powell’s G148 General Psychology course. A Tour of the Brain I feel there are five major parts of the human brain. These parts are the lobes, brain stem, limbic system, cerebrum, and cerebellum. I would like to take you on a tour of the brain to discuss these parts. We will go over their functions, and the things that contribute to each major part. We will also look at how important the brain is to the central nervous system, and what might happen if you incur damage to a part of your brain. Let us start by looking at the cerebrum, which makes up about 80% of the brain by weight. The cerebrum is the covered by a sheet of neural tissue known as the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex houses the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland. The thalamus is responsible for relaying information from the brain stem and spinal cord to the cerebral cortex. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland control functions like body temperature, sexual response, aggression, and pleasure. The cerebral cortex also holds about 90% of the of the brain’s neurons. The cerebral cortex is made up of four lobes. The frontal lobe is responsible for conscious thought and higher mental functions like, decision making. It also plays an important part in processing short-term memories, and retaining long-term memories. The parietal lobe integrates sensory information from the various senses and is also used for calculation, and certain types of recognition. The temporal lobe is responsible for the senses...
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...balance, reflexes and movement. The Thalamus is a major relay center for the brain and the Peripheral Nervous System. The Hypothalamus controls the emotion and motivation and stress reactions, these are the functions that we share with all other vertebrates. The Cerebral Cortex is sometimes referred to as the “New Brain”, this is the portion of the brain that allows humans to evaluate and make complex judgments along with many other abilities theses abilities are what separates humans from other vertebrates. The Cerebral Cortex consists of four parts the Occipital lobe which is responsible for processing visual information. The Temporal lobe is responsible for many things such as smell, hearing, equilibrium, emotion, motivation, complex visual processing and some language comprehension. The Parietal lobe is responsible for the visual and spatial abilities and sensory projection and association areas. The Frontal lobe is also responsible for many functions, such as concentration, emotions, motor projection and association areas, many aspects of the personality, complex problem solving, and coordinates messages from other parts of the brain. In studying these two parts of the brain it becomes clear why the Central core is referred to at times as the “Old Brain” and the Cerebral Cortex is referred to as the “New Brain”. The Central Core consists mainly of our natural instincts, sleeping when tired, eating when hungry, the body functions that happen...
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...specific areas of damage. Modern technologies have begun to change this trend because of machines such as the Magnetic Resonance Imager (MRI) that allows scientist to observe brain function with the invasiveness of surgery. This technology has provided not just insights into neuroscience but also into psychology as brain functions can now be correlated better with behavior and heredity. One can see this insight when examining specific areas of the brain such as the temporal and frontal lobes of the brain. The MRI lets the scientist get an in depth look at the brain in slices of an image to better interpret how the brain works. The cerebral cortex is “a large, extremely wrinkled sheet of neurons, or nerve cells, on the surface of the brain’s two hemispheres”. These are defined as the right and left hemispheres and make up the largest volume in the brain. The cerebral cortex controls all sensation, thought, comprehension, higher cognition, ideas, language, memory and emotion (Pinel, 2011). The hemispheres consist of four lobes, with each performing a specific function (Pinel, 2011). Frontal lobe: behavioral activities such as decision-making, setting goals and planning. Parietal lobe: concentration and language understanding, visual, sensory and...
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