...Maggie A. Balacua BOM25 Hormones secreted by the main Endocrine Glands: Endocrine Gland | Hormone(s) Secreted | Function(s) of Hormones | | | | (1) Hypothalamus | Part of the Brain: The Control and Relay Centre of the Endocrine System. | (2) Pituitary | Known as the "Master Gland", this part of the brain consists of three lobes called "anterior", "interior" and "posterior". | Posterior | * Oxytocin | * Stimulates utrine contraction and brest contraction for milk release. | Posterior | * Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH), also known as "vasopressin" | * Stimulates re-absorption of water from kidney tubules. * Hypo- causes Diabetes Insipidus (large amounts of urine produced). | Anterior | * Prolactin (PRL) | * Production of breast milk (works in men too). | Anterior | * Human Growth Hormone (HGH) | * Growth * Hypo- Dwarfism * Hyper- Gigantism | | * Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) | * Stimulates the thyroid to release thyroxin. | Anterior | * Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH) | * Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce: Corticosteriods: * mineral corticoids * glucocorticoids * cortisol (natural anti-inflammatory) * androgens, e.g. acdosterone | Anterior | * Luteinizing Hormone (LH) | * Brings about ovulation and maintains the corpus luteum. | Anterior | * Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) | * Stimulates growth/development of Graafin follicles (= a mature follicle in...
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...Heredity and Hormones Page 1 Heredity and Hormones By 09/22/2010 Axia College Heredity and Hormones Page 2 Both heredity and hormones can and do affect human behavior. I personally feel that they each play as large a par as the other. There was a time in which scientists thought that hormones were the sole driving force behind human behavior. For example, people that have higher or lower testosterone levels can at times affect their levels of aggression. As time progressed, we have learned that heredity is indeed a factor to consider. Hormones can influence behavior but there are other forces at work. Heredity is like the beginning. We all start at ground zero with a blank slate. Heredity can nudge us north or east but it is up to us if we head in one direction or the other. Heredity is the potential for action. Hormones influence you further and changes throughout your life; but again, these are forces that are influences – not rules. The endocrine system plays a huge part in hormonal change. Interestingly enough, the endocrine system has not ducts to supply hormones. Because of this, all the hormones supplied by this system are inserted directly into the bloodstream. This system is also key in the fact that it is responsible for supplying thirty hormones to the body. The reason though for me to bring this system up in this setting is to address...
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...Hormones and Neurotransmitters Introduction to Psychology Brandi C. Guisto Hormones and Neurotransmitters Many communication pathways exist within human. The endocrine system and the central nervous system are the two main systems that regulate activities and transmit messages throughout various organs and glands in the human body. These systems use stimuli released from glands or neurons in order to adjust levels of chemicals to the body to ensure the body is performing properly (Huffman, 2013). The stimuli released from these systems are hormones and neurotransmitters. Hormones, though having some similarities to neurotransmitters, have very different and specific functions within the body. The endocrine system is made up of a network of glands which releases hormones directly into the bloodstream. This system helps to regulate long-term processes, like growth, on-going processes, like digestion, and bodily responses to emergencies. Each gland within the endocrine system releases a specific hormone to stimulate another gland. Parathyroid glands, which reside behind the thyroid, release the parathyroid hormone which keeps calcium levels in the blood stable. The pancreas secretes the hormones glucagon and insulin to increase or decrease glucose levels in the blood. The pineal gland secretes melatonin to assist in regulating sleep patterns. The hypothalamus, one of the staples of the endocrine system, secretes many hormones including anti-diuretic hormone and oxytocin...
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...Heredity and Hormones BEH/225 February 6, 2013 L Heredity and Hormones Heredity and hormones work jointly to influence behavior. They both influence human behavior but from very different aspects. Heredity is qualities, traits, and characteristics passed from generation to generation through genes. Whether a person has blue or brown eyes tall or short these are things passed on through heredity, however it is not just the physical attributes that can be inherited from generation to generation, intelligence and personality traits and behavior can be inherited also. The nature vs nurture plays a role in heredity as well because even though some behavior is inherited environmental factors can have a major influence on human behavior. The environment can mold human behavior and can also reinforce heredity which contributes to behavior. The heredity aspect of human behavior is so delicate and complex that is more difficult to understand or describe. Hormones approach on the influence of human behavior is not as subtle as heredity. Hormonal changes can cause physical changes especially in stages of adolescents for girls in boys. Hormones can cause changes in men and women. Hormonal changes can also cause certain behaviors to occur such as depression and aggression and a series of other things that can be responsible for causing psychological disorders. Hormones make it easier to measure the influences it has on behavior then heredity is. The endocrine system plays a major...
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...Thyroid hormones have been found to be essential for normal neurodevelopment. A deficiency in thyroid hormone (TH) causes hypothyroidism, often due to inadequate levels of iodine. A serious consequence of hypothyroidism during gestation is the development of cretinism in offspring. Cretinism manifests as severe mental retardation, ataxia and sensory deficits, and is the most common preventable cause of brain damage (WHO). Research has shown that even mildly decreased thyroid hormone during this critical period can cause a drop in IQ (Gyamfi, 2009). Thyroid hormones have significant influence on the development of neurons. TH mediate their effects by binding to thyroid hormone receptors within the cytoplasm that translocate to the nucleus...
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...Module 6: Hormones Question 1: Alice is a 70 year old woman with low vitamin D levels who recently broke a hip. She has osteoporosis. She was given several medications to try to improve bone density, however, they were unsuccessful as she could not tolerate the medications. What hormone might she be given to treat the osteoporosis? How does this medication help? How would this be effected by a low TSH? Osteoporosis is a disease in which excessive loss of calcium from the bones occur without adequate replacement, due to the calcium loss bones become weak and are more likely to break (Scanlon & Saunders, pg 129b). Estrogen is classified as a sex hormone but it is also essential for female bone health because it promotes the activity of osteoblasts. Estrogen supplementation is a form of hormone replacement therapy that is approved by the FDA in the treatment of osteoporosis because it slows down bone loss and increases bone density. Estrogen supplementation may lower TSH levels in women with hypothyroidism triggering hypothyroid symptoms, such as low energy and feeling tired, sluggish, and cold, or to put them at risk for regrowth of thyroid cancer. While using estrogen supplements patients thyroid panel should be monitored routinely and doses of thyroid hormone medication adjusted appropriately. Question 2: Darren is a 15 year old, tall for his age, but he wants to build more muscle. He decides that he will eat only protein foods, because he says, “muscle is protein, so...
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...Hormones and Behaviors Tiffany Stevens April 17, 2015 BEH/225 Krystyn A. Lassiter Hormones and Behaviors The endocrine system is made up of glands that release hormones into the blood stream. There are several types of hormones released by these various glands in the body, each doing a different job. Hormones are similar to neurotransmitters. Transmitters of Couse are responsible for moving information to the cells in the body. These communications cause cells in the body to become active. Hormones affect everything from puberty to jet lag even personality. Hormones can even have an effect on mood and behavior. An example of this would be oxytocin. Oxytocin is a hormone produced and released by the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is often referred to as the master gland because it affects other glands in the endocrine system. Oxytocin is a hormone mostly responsible for its effects on mood and causing happiness. The more oxytocin produced in the body, the happier an individual will feel. A lack of production of oxytocin in the system may cause an individual to feel moods such as sadness or depression. The pituitary gland is also responsible for growth in humans by producing growth hormones. Another hormone responsible for behavior in people is the hormone melatonin. Melatonin controls sleep behaviors in individuals. The pineal gland produces melatonin. Depending on the changes in light the pineal gland will produce the appropriate levels of melatonin. The production...
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...Hormones and Behavior Lindsey Hensley University of Phoenix June 9, 2013 Nancy Russell BEH/225 Hormones are materials in the human body that impact emotional and physical behavior. They are formed by the glands in the endocrine system. When needed, they are discharged into the bloodstream, which then gets to the cells of the imperative tissue and the cells react to it. The correlation between hormones and behavior is bi-directional, suggesting that hormones can change behavior, but the way we operate can also release hormones. Consequently, hormones are also often called biological carriers. The response to a hormone may not always be prompt, but every hormone does affect the human body in either or short or long terms if released. Two hormones that are being addressed in this essay are: Oxytocin and Melatonin, which both change the human behavior. In the hypothalamus the hormone oxytocin is produced. It is released directly into the bloodstream via the pituitary gland, or to others parts of the brain and spinal cord. The pituitary glands main function is to stimulate growth. Oxytocin is another important hormone released from the pituitary gland. Oxytocin is often termed the “love/trust hormone.” It is known to raise feelings of happiness. (Coon & Mitterer) It was first recognized in the 1990s, researchers realized that it was released during breastfeeding which caused certain emotional feelings in women. It was established that Oxytocin was consistent to sociable...
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...Topic Growth Hormones. Endocrine system is a very important part of the human body, The endocrine system helps regulate and maintain various body functions by synthesizing and releasing hormones, chemical messengers. (Adam, 2001) The major areas of control and integration include responses to stress and injury, growth and development, absorption of nutrients, energy metabolism, water and electrolyte balance, reproduction, birth, and lactation. (http://www.pennmedicine.org/, 2001) The endocrine glands include the pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands. (Tortora 348) There are organs that are not classified as endocrine glands but have cells that secrete hormones ie. hypothalamus, thymus, pancreas, ovaries, testes, kidneys, stomach, liver, small intestine, skin, heart, adipose tissue, and placenta. (Tortora 348) Human Growth Hormone (HGH) is a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates growth of body tissues, especially skeletal and muscular tissues. (Tortora G-14) The normal functions of HGH stimulates the growth of essentially all tissues of the body, including bone, GH is vital for normal physical growth in children; its levels rise progressively during childhood and peak during the growth spurt that occurs in puberty. (Growth Hormone 2014) This hormone is really important because of its characteristics, without this hormone working properly there would be adverse affects to a persons physical appearance and structure. A lack...
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...Heredity and Hormones May 2, 2012 BEH 225 Heredity and Hormones 2 A person’s behavior can come from heredity and hormones. A person’s heredity can be passed down to them from their parents. This causes a conflict or controversy when nature and nurture come in to play with heredity. Scientists have been trying to determine what genes are responsible for our behavior for many years. Many behaviors that are included are risk-takers, being shy, anxiety, depression, and aggression. Studies involving twins have attempted to correlate genetics and behavior, though in those cases, the researchers were not looking for a particular gene, but for similarities within families, Morris, C. and Maisto, A. (2005). A person can quickly pick up the mood of a person simply by their behavior. Glands of the endocrine system are Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, Adrenal gland’s, Ovaries, Testes, Hypothalamus and the Pineal. T3 which is know as Triiodothyronine is secreted by the Thyroid gland. Triiodothyronine affects almost every physiological process in the body, including growth and development, metabolism, body temperature, and heart rate, New England Journal of Medicine (1999). The Pituitary gland sometimes called the “master gland” is significant in regulating other endocrine glands, Morris, C. and Maisto, A. (2005). Chemical can be released by certain cells that can affect different body parts. Hormones, which...
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...America is grown with artificial growth hormones (Hanrahan, 2000)? Were you aware that these growth hormones can potentially cause cancer and pose significant health risks to individuals who consume this meat? In today's food industry it is crucial to be a keen consumer and have knowledge of where you food comes from and what it actually contains. The regulations and standards put into effect by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in regards to cattle production and what is deemed to be safe have created an up heave of controversy. Consumers and researchers constantly pose the question of what should be considered safe and who should not. They often argue that when it comes to human health no risks should be taken and risk assessment should not be considered. The following essay discusses the controversy of beef cattle production regulation and standards. The essay will analyze various studies conducted that state a possible link between cancer and growth hormone used in beef, and it will outline all view points of the European ban of American and Canadian beef. The issues and controversy surrounding feedlot given to beef cattle will be analyzed and consumer concerns as well as regulations surrounding labeling of beef in America, Canada and Europe will be discussed. ARGUMENT The use of growth hormones has become widely prominent in the beef production industry. Estradiol benzoate and progesterone, which are types of growth hormone, were first approved in 1956 by the FDA...
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...Bio-Identical Hormones: Hormonal Replacement By: Misty Sightler PT 146 Mrs. Martin Bio-Identical Hormones: Hormonal Replacement The word bioidentical means that the hormones are exactly the same as the hormones that the human body produces. Bioidentical hormones have the same exact molecular structure as the hormones produced naturally within the body. The body does not distinguish between supplemental bioidentical hormones and the hormones produced within the body. As a result, bio-identical hormones are properly utilized, and are then able to be naturally metabolized and excreted from the body. The use of bioidentical HRT has increased during the last several years as women have sought out a more natural approach to restoring hormonal balance. Bioidentical hormones therapy is safe as long as the amounts of hormones used and the levels of hormones in the body are carefully monitored. Bioidentical hormones include estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, cortisol, human growth hormone, thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3). I don’t recommend non-bioidentical chemicals such as medroxyprogesterone and norgestimate because they are not produced by the human body and because they have known side effects such as cancer, hypertension, depression, and fluid retention. They are more appropriately referred to hormone disrupting chemicals. Not all women experience hot flashes, night sweats, insomnia, or any of the other classical symptoms of perimenopause. However, sometimes...
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...Hormones are the signaling and regulating molecules which coordinate and tight together many different cells of the entire organism, these hormones are secreted form either body tissues, such as pancreas and gonads, or glands such as hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenal glands. The operation system of each hormone is different, for instance, insulin hormone is operating its function through receptors exists on muscle cells or, adipose tissues, by which insulin binds to. The action is then triggered by intercellular cascade influenced through this binding. Since erythropoietin work with some signaling molecules and other hormones in order to regulate normal erythropoiesis, imbalance or defect in some endocrine hormones might affect the process of hematopoiesis. For example, androgen, which mainly responsible for male...
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...On the off chance that you aren't sure what HGH is, it's human growth hormone, a normally happening hormone in the human body. We require this hormone to develop and recover bone, muscle, organ and all connective tissue as kids and as we develop into adulthood. This hormone is available for us to empower growth and everything that accompanies it. In youthfulness, the emission of human growth hormone is at a pinnacle. This is the time of the most quick growth of our bodies. As grown-ups, HGH production diminishes through our 20s and afterward keeps on diminishing as we age. When we achieve 40 years old, we are producing less than half of what we were delivering at 20 years of age! The decreased production of hormones is normal. In any case,...
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...Stunting Facts on Human Growth Hormone * Human growth hormone is commonly referred to as HGH. It is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland to help the body grow and develop into adulthood. It is partly responsible for regulating metabolism. This hormone helps to improve bone density, muscle mass, and essentially help us grow. As we age, the production of this hormone decreases (*Crenshaw, 2011). . * HGH has been proven to help with the effects of Osteoporosis. It increases bone production, therefore increasing bone mass. This hormone seems to reverse the effects of aging by decreasing weight gain from hormone imbalance, increasing bone mass, and increasing the capacity of the lungs for exercise. HGH increases sharpness of the brain as well as energy intensity (*Bond, 2011). * Women and men experience many adverse side effects from taking HGH supplements. Women can suffer from stroke, heart disease, blood clots, manly attributes, leukemia, and even acne (*Crenshaw, 2011). * There are several human growth hormone supplements offered directly to consumers. Some of these products are approved by the FDA while others are not. The claims on the products are what sell them, whether they are approved or not. Three of the top rated supplements are Secratatropin HGH, Avatropin, and Humovox. Secratatropin HGH sells for a retail price of $139.95 and claims to increase HGH production without having any side-effects. Avatropin retails at $99.99 and claims to promote HGH...
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