...contributing lies within the radical beliefs, significant support from key figures, high quality and skill held by puritans and the fragility of the structure of Elizabethan parliament, furthermore it is also incredibly important to consider Elizabeth’s response and own personal views towards puritans and perhaps the true reason for the perceived ‘phantom’ threat lying within the harsh reactions of Elizabeth. Due to the fragile nature of the government Elizabeth had inherited it was vital for it to remain sable and deal with stressing issues such as religion with great care, Elizabeth had 3 options when it came to religion, maintain catholic religion Mary had set up, create moderate form of Protestantism or create a more radical Genevan style reform. The influence of puritans’ on parliament can be perceived as a threat to stability as their influence greatly undermined the authority of the queen. With the support/sympathy of various key figures; Strickland, field, Dudley, Burghley and perhaps the most notable Edmund grindal, who’s support of prophesying highlights the danger puritans’ held in the eyes of Elizabeth. His refusal to ban the act led to his suspension and house arrest. Such quick and harsh response from the queen implies how seriously she took prophesying as a threat to stability. His letter to Elizabeth may be the reason fro such judgement, grindal puritan views seep through and imply the very same ideas as Knox “monstrous regiment of women” which conferred with grindals...
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...The colonial period was the start of a new world. And people met the Native Americans for the first time. Religion influenced literature because the type of people that went to the new world wanted to have their freedom, which continued to be a trend. Also politics had a role in influencing literature . First off, religion had a big influence on literature because religion was such a big part of life. To start, the puritans were a big part the people that first came to America. they went over to try and get away from being prosecuted for their religion. “Puritans believed that it was necessary to be in a covenant relationship with God in order to redeem one from one’s sinful condition, that God had chosen to reveal salvation through preaching, and that the Holy Spirit was the energizing instrument of salvation” (britannica, puritans). The Puritans went to the new world to escape the judgement and persecution they experienced in England. They wanted freedom. Next, Rationalist were the other big group in the new colonies. they were different from the puritans, but were still important. “the view that regards reason as the...
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...The English colonies formed during the mid 17th century varied vastly from one another. From values, practices, or societal structure each had their own core character. However, religion can be seen as a common theme in their formation and viewed as the root of their individuality and personal beliefs. Religion played an extremely strong role in the establishment of the English colonies as it fueled motives for their formation in America and contributed heavily to how the colonies were structured and governed. Many colonies formed in colonial America, were established as refuge from religious persecution. In New England, Massachusetts Bay colony was created as a place for Puritans to escape religious persecution, as they were unable to worship publicly and forced to pay taxes to the Church of England. They established Massachusetts Bay based on Governor John Winthrop’s essay “A Model Christian Society” which discussed how the colony should be viewed as “a city upon a hill.” The community of Massachusetts would be seen as the quintessential Christian society that stressed godliness and unity over individualism....
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...Modern Day Understanding of Liberty The idea of ‘Modern Day Liberty’ is not a new concept as such. The question is how did we as a nation arrived to a secular viewpoint on liberty considering our Puritan foundation and influenced that helped to shape our country from the early beginnings. For a better perspective, we must look back at the Puritan period for the seed of contemporary liberty. While Winthrop was a staunch follower of the Puritan lifestyle and a prominent figure within its structure, however on the other hand, there was also side of him that was partial to the precursor thought of contemporary liberty. For example, he was partial to Roger Williams aiding him safe passage to exile. As a matter of fact, I consider Roger Williams one of the first outspoken activists and proponent of religious freedom and the separation of church and state. Furthermore, he was an early abolitionist in North America against slavery and developed mutually agreeable relationships with Native Americans. In addition, some of Williams’s ideas may have also influenced the religion clause and the first amendment of the United States Constitution . Arguably, the catalyst for ‘modern liberty’ has always been part of the American psyche....
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...Puritanism3. Although, these pilgrims established 13 original colonies in North America, the settlements of Virginia and Massachusetts show some striking similarities and differences. On one hand, religion as the major motivation, and on the other hand a financial venture sponsored by the queen. Massachusetts was given its name from a man named John Smith, an English explorer and was named after the native Massachusetts tribe that resided in the area. Other native tribes in the area were the Nauset, a fishing tribe located on Cape Cod; the Wampanoag in the southeast; the Massachusetts in the northeast; the Nipmuc, centrally; and the Pocumtuc, westward. Without their knowledge, Permanent English settlement would soon drastically impact the lives of the native peoples2. In 1630, Massachusetts Bay Colony was developed and occupied about 1,000 citizens. John Winthrop, the chief figure of the New England Puritans, gave a sermon called “A Model of Christian Charity,” suggesting ideas that the people should find a sense of community with God and one and other, and divinely build a city on a hill as their next course of action. Many people saw Winthrop as a father figure in New England as well as a social reformist and visionary, as he was elected 12 times to be governor3. Church and religion were a major part of the settlers’ everyday lives. Predestination and morality are what was actively preached. They believed if...
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...The Salem witch trials are notoriously known for the killings of innocent inhabitants of Salem. Some say the cause of their deaths could be traced back to Salem’s strict social order. The structure of 1600’s Salem was very religion-based as it was woven into everyday life. The government was a theocracy, the priests were highly respected, and anyone who went against the government was considered evil. Arthur Miller’s The Crucible unveils the realistic effect of social order on one’s personal freedom. Because religion was so vital in 1600’s Salem’s social order, the inhabitants suffered from a lack of personal freedom. The structure of the Puritan society in colonial Massachusetts served an important role in the setting of The Crucible. The...
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...Sara Ossaba English 101 April 30, 2015 Religion and Science In the beginning there was darkness. Then there was light. Then there was consciousness. Then there were questions and then there was religion. Why are we? Where do we come from? Why does the world and nature act as it does? What happens when we die? Religion tended to the answer to all these questions with the stories of gods and other supernatural forces that were beyond the understanding of humans. Where science seems able to explain everything with prove and evidence right before your eyes. Science deals with the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment. ‘’Creationism", another view on man's origin, means belief in creation in a more general sense. A Creationist may believe that the earth is billions of years old, and that simple forms of life evolved gradually to form more complex forms including humans. In addition to that belief, however, is the belief that a supernatural Creator initiated the life process and continues to control it. The most reasonable view on the origin of mankind is known as naturalistic evolution. It means a gradual process by which one kind of living creature changes into something different; evolution that is not directed by any purposeful intelligence. Another part of the idea is that more complex...
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...The Puritans founded the colony of Massachusetts in 1630 due to religious freedom, they wanted to purify the Church of England and soon enough Massachusetts became one of the most religious colonies, the colony even came up with the blue laws; which restricted intimate behavior in public. Puritans did not only believe in God, but they also believed that there was a darker force in this world living amongst them known as the Devil. They believed that he could possess anybody and cause numerous types of disasters, so thus the period of hysteria began. In a span of few months many were accused and hanged because of the false accusations. What actually caused the Salem witch trials of 1692? The three main components that caused the hysteria were: religion, envy, and excitement. The background history mentions that the Puritans were fundamentalists, meaning that they believed the Bible no matter what,“ Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live.” ( Doc. A). If the Bible told the Puritans that the witches were foul creatures, the Puritans believed the Bible and did everything in their power to destroy the witches. Cotton Mather was an influential minister in the New England colonies. He preached, “These evil spirits are all around...but the houses of Christians, where our God has had his constant...
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...1.Assess the transformation the American colonies underwent between 1650 and 1720. Did all of the colonies experience the same changes? A blend of acts, wars, and uprisings happened between 1650 and 1720.Navigation Acts were passed by the parliament; insubordination softens out up Massachusetts, New York, and Maryland; and the infamous Salem witch trials occur amid the late seventeenth century and mid-eighteenth century. Business exchange rapidly turned into a need in numerous states. Product development was deficient in benefit. This drove Nathaniel Bacon to his disobedience to Virginia's representative Sir William Berkeley. This story was told again and again by different states and insubordination to their authorities or potentially their directions when it hindered their gainfulness. More significant part of the settlements,experienced varieties of comparable changes,regardless of whether it be in Virginia or Maryland. 2.Describe the influence of Puritanism in New England society in the 1600’s. Religion was vital to the Puritans, there were numerous other crucial convictions that the Puritans withheld which impacted New England society. The instruction was imperative because keeping in mind the end goal to comprehend the...
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... their religious beliefs, leadership, and personalities. In the beginning of each of their lives Hutchinson and Pyrnne both started at a divergent road. Hester had an impulsive behavior. Her parents had to always keep an eye on her because she was oblivious and incautious. She married at smart man while she was young and tried to convince herself she was happy. Anne, on the hand, was forced into a life that made her strong and intelligent. Her father had been imprisoned for preaching against English ministers. Later, Anne was taught by her father of his religious views. She read many of his theology and religion books. This influenced her religious views and made her into the strong minded female. Both of these women show differences in their personalities because of how they were raised and influences in their own life. Anne Hutchinson’s biggest influence in her life for a long period time was John Cotton. John Cotton believed that redemption was more powerful than any good works a human could offer; Gods forgiveness was given because of God’s divine grace. Anne Hutchinson followed him because of his beliefs...
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...Took up residence at the Tower of London 15 January: Coronation led by Marian bishop Owen Oglethorpe, Bishop of Carlisle 25 January: First Parliament The ideas and policies of Elizabeth I • Elizabeth believed she was entitled to rule the kingdom and it was clear she was in charge • Spanish ambassador, Count of Feria: Elizabeth was more feared than her sister had been and gave orders ‘as absolutely as her father did’ • No desire to involve herself in the details of government in the same way as Henry VII • She took an informed interest in decision-making processes • She was determined to preserve the prerogative powers of the Crown → she wanted to make the most important decisions • She had to overcome the prejudice against female rulers and the inferior woman stereotype The Role of Key Personalities • Most important person: Sir William Cecil, later Lord Burghley, who served for almost the whole of her reign • Robert Dudley: important as a military figure and as a promoter of the Puritan cause Relationships between Elizabeth and her ministers • John Guy: ‘she controlled her own policy more than any other Tudor’ o ‘she knew her mind; her instinct to power was infallible’ • Alan Smith:...
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...In the late sixteenth century reformers in England desired an austere religion. Those reformers began the cultivation of the puritan religion from the Church of England. Shortly, the church deemed them as anarchists and found killing puritans as the solution. Puritans then fled to North America and began to build extravagant cities, like the city on the hill. The puritan cities set strict rules which mirrored the puritan belief; and enforced the law with an ironclad. This is visible in Nathaniel Hawthorns historical novel, the Scarlet Letter. Despite the convection of account of adultery, parturition of her daughter, Pearl, and isolation from the public, Hester Prynne, the protagonist, was able to atone for her mistake. Whereas the men of her life, Roger her husband, and minister Dimmesdale, her child’s father became distraught by their actions. Minister Dimmesdale begin to grow weak and exhibited abnormal behavior, due to the lies and secrets that reside within him; whereas, Roger Chillingworth anger lead him to aggression and revenge, which cause self-inflected wounds. Minister Dimmesdale, a clergyman of the puritan faith and “[…] fellow sinner and fellow sufferer” whose actions lead to the birth of Pearl (Hawthorne 43). Unlike Hester,...
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...Emily Allen HIST 111 October 5, 2015 Diaries written by Jane Arnold-Walker: 1611-1667 The Life of Jane Arnold-Walker: Growing Up in the 1600’s #1 The Purpose I have decided to start a diary that will be passed down from generation to generation within my family line. This diary is a compilation of little letters I used to write myself telling me what happened that week or month. Now that I am old and sick I want to have something that I can pass down through generations. I want not only my children, but their children, and their children, and so on to have something to remember me and the life I lived during the 1600’s. Within my diary will be highlights of my early life and where I came from, my young adult years and work I did in order to survive, my immediate family, and accounts I have on important events that happened during my life. Years from now, future generations will have written evidence of what life was like for someone living in the 1600’s. I only hope that one of my children will take on the responsibility of finishing this diary after I have passed so that it will have a complete beginning and end. #2 Where I Come From I was born August 13, 1611 to the parents of James and Anne Arnold in the colony, Virginia. Both my mother and father were considered highly educated at the time. My father was an investor and was part of the first expedition to Jamestown in hopes of finding gold and exotic crops. He was ordered to go by King James and the Virginia Company...
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...must change with it to be able to cope and survive especially during rough times. That’s how the Puritans lived their lives during the colonial period, and they were able to sustain themselves through those hardships by having faith in God. In Mary Rowlandson’s A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mary Rowlandson, that was published in 1682, we can see how Mary, the Puritan wife of the minister of Lancaster— the mother of three children, had everything taken away from her one day when the Indians attacked and killed everyone she knew. She spent eleven weeks in captivity, during which she had to adjust to...
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...How successfully did James deal with parliament during the period 1603 – 1616? * James faced many difficulties with Parliament during his reign in England. The king and parliament followed two mutually, extended exclusive views about the nature of their relationship. James believed that he owed his authority to God-given right, that the laws in his kingdom were only an extension of his royal prerogative, and that parliament was in essence a lower court to him, its laws and opinions always subject to his oversight and review; and that he was free to revise or overrule them completely whenever he wished. However, parliament believed that its rights were equal to those of the king. They also believed that in return for grants and subsidies to the crown, the king should take its views on policy formulation and execution into account. The end result of this fundamental disagreement was a series of difficult parliaments, two of which James dissolved in frustration. The first parliament brought in the idea of ‘The Great Contract’. This meant that they wanted James to give up the right to feudal dues, such as wardship and purveyance, in exchange for a fixed sum per annum to be raised in taxation. They offered him £200,000 after a lot of argument. They didn’t want to give him too much money because he wouldn’t need to call parliament. James didn’t like this idea as he thought that £200,000 wouldn’t be enough. The contract was finally sunk when James made a demand for another £200,000...
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