...advertisement effect on the consumers’ buying behavior. Well prepared campaign can influence consumer decisions and make them buy certain product. The modern world is a world of overproduction. We are surrounded by all kinds of goods- some urgent and some not so much. Certain goods are sold quickly while others remain on the shelves. Every company seeks to put on the market such a product that will grab the consumers’ attention, and make them feel incomplete if they do not have it. But among the abundance of goods, a product may remain unnoticed. That is why corporations rely heavily on advertising to sell their production. They have realized that not the quality of the product, but the advertising sells it. Advertising companies strive to convince the consumers that the product is extremely urgent and without it a person’s would be less happy than others who have it. There are different strategies that companies use in order to touch the consumers’ subconsciousness- they play with customers’ emotions, they rely on celebrities to advertise the goods, and they target the deceivable children. Advertising is the most powerful medium for creating artificial wants and desires. It is not the consumer who motivates/rules the industrial system rather it is the company that decides what should be produced and then create the wants into the consumer’s mind. The thesis that consumer wants what he is advertised is also supported in Kenneth Galbraith’s essay “The dependence effect” where...
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...Executive Summary 3 2. Terms of reference 3 3. Industry Information 3 4. Overview of adverts 4 5. Segmenting, Targeting and Positioning 5 6. Consumer Buying Behaviour 8 7. Promotion 12 8. Communication strategy 16 9. Price 17 10. Product 18 11. Place 20 12. Critique & Recommendations 22 13. Bibliography 23 14. Appendices 26 1. Executive Summary 2. Terms of reference 3. Industry Information The Cosmetic Toiletry and Perfumery Association annual report (CTPA), (2009) declares ‘Mass toiletries have performed less well with higher growth from units (4.3%) than value (2.5%)’, as seen by the sales figures in Table 1.1. In addition to this Mintel (2010) suggests ‘women spend an average £653.64 a year on beauty products’. Such products include toiletries like cosmetics, fragrances and personal care products as seen in table 1.1. The director of Research at Mintel, Joan Holleran (2009) states "Personal care companies need to focus on value, feel-good benefits and new product innovation to keep shoppers interested" in order to generate sales growth. The distribution channel of the companies within the industry include direct and multiple selling depending on the specific product categories, these include department stores, supermarkets, drugstores and speciality retailers. Further sales are also generated through e-commerce, catalogues, mall kiosks and spa, beauty and hair salons. Table 1.1: CTPA Toiletry sales estimates for December...
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...Measuring and Communicating the Value of Marketing Activities and Investments Introduction Marketing has now come be considered as one of the primary functions of any organization and in the recent years organizations of have spent increasing amounts of money on their marketing efforts. However, while the marketing function has gained more focus and funds, marketing managers face an unavoidable question: how to justify their expenses? The need to measure the effectiveness of marketing efforts is crucial now more than ever. In a world where organizations face global competition and a pressure to continually optimize their investments, only those marketing efforts that create real value and add to organizations profits deserve marketing investments. But in order to recognize the value added by the marketing efforts marketing managers should be able to measure marketing performance and tie it up to the organization’s overall financial performance. As a response to this growing problem, marketing managers have come up with a range of methods and framework to effectively measure and communicate the value created by marketing efforts. This paper explores some of these measures and the managerial implications for marketing managers in Nepal. Background The different frameworks put forward by marketing managers in order to measure marketing performance significantly vary in both method and reasoning. While one school of thought has argued that the value created by marketing...
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...portrayal of women by the advertisers.” To begin with , it is felt that it would be appropriate to state what is marketing, what is the present marketing scenario in India , what is advertising , what kind of marketing communication and advertising is taking place and how the women are portrayed in the advertisements. 1. What is Marketing? There are a number of definitions and a huge amount of literature available on marketing . According Philip Kotler , world renowned marketing expert, the simplest definition states “Marketing is managing profitable customer relationships”. The process of marketing aims at growing current customers by delivering satisfaction and attracting new customers by promising superior values. Yet another definition as per Philip Kotler is “Marketing is the process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customer relationships in order to capture value from customers in return”. The American Marketing Association defines marketing as follows : “Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders”. When a product is in short supply, selling is easy. However, in a competitive situation, marketer has to understand...
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...toothpastes which are advertised mostly on television and they differ in the way they are both aired. Aqua fresh toothpaste is highlighted as the only toothpaste that a family will need and they endorse in a way that all people with families should use Aqua fresh toothpaste. Sensodyne is toothpaste for sensitive teeth and it is dentist recommended and it is approved by the Kenya Dental Association. Both advertisements run every day on television and every company is trying hard to win consumers interest in terms of their product consumption. As much as it is healthy for people to brush their teeth with toothpaste, the way these products are advertised brings controversy in the society. People have different test and preference when it comes to sensitive products like toothpaste. Aqua fresh advertisement uses a family to endorse its product. The message accompanied by this product is; “what every family needs.” They portray their product to be the best for every family and they encourage parents to buy Aqua fresh toothpaste for r their families. Sensodyne toothpaste is for sensitive teeth and dentist recommended. Experts who are doctors are used in endorsing sensodyne toothpaste. The message that makes people think it’s the best toothpaste is where they say that it is recommended by the Kenya Dental Association. Many people are persuaded to change their toothpaste to sensodyne. They use charts to demonstrate on how sensodyne treats tooth decay and how it lowers the degree...
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...attempting to understand how the world works, and constantly absorbing all kinds of impressions by scanning the environment he lives in. Television advertisements are very stimulating to adults, let alone to a child that lacks the knowledge of knowing whether an advertisement message is good or bad for his wellbeing. I believe that there should be a restriction on television advertisements aimed at children because they have immature minds and are easily influenced. Nowadays, children spend most of their time in front of TV screens and as a consequence, allowing TV to manipulate their minds to a great extent. It alters their way of thinking. Children’s mind is not mature enough to differentiate what is right and wrong. For that reason, they majorly rely on the feedback they receive from their parents and school. They are told in school or by their parents that something is not good for their health or dangerous but on TV there are advertisements going on that say those acts or things are completely fine and they should be followed. Eventually, kids will develop a bad mindset of how happiness is achieved. They will grow up with the delusion that they will get fulfillment from objects, however, the reality is that materialistic products will only briefly satisfy them. This leads to their minds being effectively brainwashed. Another important consequence of advertising, directed towards children, is that encourages them to eat unhealthy. More than ever before junk...
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...could you used to reach the target audience? Advertisement is the non personal communication of information usually persuasive in nature about product services or idea by identified sponsor through the various media. Advertising intends to promote the sales of a product or service and also to inform the masses about the highlights of the product or the service features. It is an efficient means of communicating to the world, the value of the product or the service. Advertising utilizes different media to reach out to the masses and uses different types of appeals to connect to the customers across the globe. The various types of advertising appeals harness different means of highlighting the features of a product and drawing the attention of the masses towards it. Here is an overview of the different types of advertising appeals. Advertising intends to promote the sales of a product or service and also to inform the masses about the highlights of the product or the service features. It is an efficient means of communicating to the world, the value of the product or the service. Advertising utilizes different media to reach out to the masses and uses different types of appeals to connect to the customers across the globe. The various types of advertising appeals harness different means of highlighting the features of a product and drawing the attention of the masses towards it. Here is an overview of the different types of advertising appeals. Advertising appeals...
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...communication theories and how they have been used to effect change in public awareness of health issues. While the article discusses the use of communication theory in changing public health behaviors, these three theories can be directly applied in marketing strategies of for-profit companies. The first theory presented was Activation Model. This model states that audiences will seek to satisfy their need for stimulation and information when attending to a message, before they seek to fulfill their need for information alone. The article states that this method is best suited for targeting audiences that are high sensation seekers, usually a younger high school and college age demographic. From a managerial perspective this means that in order to deliver a message effectively to this target audience, the advertisement must contain some form of high impact stimulus. This stimulus could be in the form of loud music, action adventure video, or pulsating text or light. An example of this sort of ad campaign is the Slim Jim jerky ad with former wrestler Randy “Macho Man” Savage violently interrupting an apparently boring rehearsal of a high school play and shouting “Are you bored!” The ad starts off slow and doesn’t’ grab the intended audience’s attention until Macho Man explodes through the set. The next communication theory presented was the Extended Parallel Process Model. This model states that audiences will evaluate a message based on a threat appraisal, how severe are the perceived...
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...commercials 6 Disadvantages of media commercials 7 Sponsorships 7 Advantages of Sponsorships 8 Disadvantages of Sponsorships 8 How to enhance the effectiveness of Sponsorship 8 Community Activities 8 Advantages of Community activities 9 Disadvantages of community activities 9 How to enhance the effectiveness of CSR projects 9 Product Diversification 10 Advantages of Product diversification 10 Disadvantages of product diversification 10 How to enhance the effectiveness of Product Diversification 11 Cross Comparison between the marketing strategies of Pepsi, Coca Cola, V and Red Bull 11 Conclusion 13 References 14 Executive Summery Pepsi is an aerated Soft drink that is produced by Pepsi Co. Inc. Pepsi Cola is using most of the modern communication and marketing methods to enhance their brand awareness among its consumers. Mainly they are advertising their brand on Television, Face book, Twitter and YouTube. In this report I have outlined the overview of the Pepsi Cola Corporation and its history, and the most effective communication strategies that are used by them to enhance their brand equity. These strategies include Advertisements, Sponsorships, Online promotions, Community activities and Product diversification of Pepsi Cola Corporation. I’ve also discussed the pros and cons of each strategy and the methods that can be used to enhance the effectiveness of each strategy. Finally I’ve illustrate a cross comparison with other soft drink companies...
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...How teams work effectively through collaboration software. Collaboration software has become the most popular communication media, and the America is part of the essential communicator in business surface. All the information we can look for and sharing are based on internet. For examples, conference meeting, online confirmation, and quick announcement, our business movement is deeply connected to the collaboration software. However, the communication collaboration is widely use in the business and change our business behavior in America. The essential business collaboration software is different in the America; although the internet is very easy to access every communication and information, business is always to leak out their business strategies, like some sensitive communication is always monitoring by collaboration software. A good collaboration software is very essential to the safety of business product or documents, also the stable and a reliable software. For examples, video conference, the Skype is popularized by its stable connection and low rate of international call. The Skype saved a lot of time and money to do a conference meeting with different countries. The business can use some platform to communicate with each other through virtual private network. Such as what we called, the social software, “ Individuals in the team reported the importance of indeterminancy (allowing for incomplete entries), ownership (highlighting authorship of entries in repositories)...
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...disposing of products and services that they hope will satisfy their different needs (Schiffman & Kanuk, 2010). Consumers are influenced by different factors on what, when, where, how and why they buy a product or service. Some aspects influencing consumer traits, behaviors and how messages are received are psychological, social and culture process. Aspects as personalities, age, interest, believe, cultural background, social classes, among others are important elements to keep in mind when developing a marketing communication plan to reach the desired segment more effectively and motive decision making on customers. Consumer behavior focuses on how individual consumers and families or households make decisions to spend their time, money, and effort on consumption-related items. How they evaluate a product or service after the purchase, the impact of such evaluations on future purchases, and how they dispose of them (Schiffman & Kanuk, 2010). There are different motivations for what consumers make their purchasing decisions on and these are basically based on their innate and acquired needs. These needs stimulate people’s feelings and actions toward a product or service. We will be then identifying psychological and social processes that may influence consumer behavior, explaining the importance of understanding the influence of psychological and social processes on marketing communication, and explaining the relationship between consumer traits and behaviors; analyzing how social...
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...* Flames and smoke is also indicating the energy ‘xpanded’ from the product ‘XPAND’ by Dymatize. * Action is created when the advertisement asks you to ‘IGNITE YOUR POTENTIAL WITH XPAND’ and appeals to the fantasy of the audience’s mind that they will be like the man shown in the ad and be just as strong to carry all that weight on their backs and take off as fast as an airplane ‘400% faster’ * For people whose interest have been caught, the information of the ingredients with ‘The ultimate combination of arginine, creatine and glutamine, xpand will flood your body with energy for an all-out assault’, the word ultimate makes people feel ultimate if they take this product while exercising (is what company wants people to think) * ‘A single scoop of xpand generates heart pounding, blood pumping intensity’, makes the product sound just as good as a steroid but it is legal to consume * “UP TO 400% FASTER THAN THE COMPETITORS” – draws attention to what product can do for the audience and tries make them think they are getting a better edge on the competition * Dumb bell weights shown on the wings of the plane to exaggerate the strength of the man with the plane attached to him from taking the product * * Flames and smoke is also indicating the energy ‘xpanded’ from the product ‘XPAND’ by Dymatize. * Action is created when the advertisement asks you to ‘IGNITE YOUR POTENTIAL WITH XPAND’ and appeals to the fantasy of the audience’s mind that they...
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...Science Approach. In this study, the authors research “Effectiveness of Movie Trailers Boosting Customers’ Appreciation Desire†using statistical science and GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) data. First, shared factors that form the backdrop for the structural elements of movie trailers are identified (picture, story, function, etc.) and a numerical model is used to assess their relative impact. Next, GSR experiments are used as a new way to visualize viewers’ emotional responses and identify key factors that motivate them to see the advertised film. Key factors that affect viewer emotions (including changes in picture brightness, changes in the soundtrack, and sound effects) are then traced via changes in the physical chemistry of the test subjects. The authors then use the information gathered during these tests to formulate two new systematic models for creating movie trailers that will effectively motivate viewers to see the advertised film. The models are...
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...Customer Science Approach. In this study, the authors research “Effectiveness of Movie Trailers Boosting Customers’ Appreciation Desire” using statistical science and GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) data. First, shared factors that form the backdrop for the structural elements of movie trailers are identified (picture, story, function, etc.) and a numerical model is used to assess their relative impact. Next, GSR experiments are used as a new way to visualize viewers’ emotional responses and identify key factors that motivate them to see the advertised film. Key factors that affect viewer emotions (including changes in picture brightness, changes in the soundtrack, and sound effects) are then traced via changes in the physical chemistry of the test subjects. The authors then use the information gathered during these tests to formulate two new systematic models for creating movie trailers that will effectively motivate viewers to see the advertised film. The models are applied to the remaking...
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...Different Types of Advertising Here is an article that talks about the different types of advertising. Read on... Advertising is the promotion of a company’s products and services carried out primarily to drive sales of the products and services but also to build a brand identity and communicate changes or new product /services to the customers. Advertising has become an essential element of the corporate world and hence the companies allot a considerable amount of revenues as their advertising budget. There are several reasons for advertising some of which are as follows: * Increasing the sales of the product/service * Creating and maintaining a brand identity or brand image. * Communicating a change in the existing product line. * Introduction of a new product or service. * Increasing the buzz-value of the brand or the company. Thus, several reasons for advertising and similarly there exist various media which can be effectively used for advertising. Based on these criteria there can be several branches of advertising. Mentioned below are the various categories or types of advertising: Print Advertising – Newspapers, Magazines, Brochures, Fliers The print media have always been a popular advertising medium. Advertising products via newspapers or magazines is a common practice. In addition to this, the print media also offers options like promotional brochures and fliers for advertising purposes. Often the newspapers and the magazines sell the advertising...
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