...Various computer crimes – week 2 The rapid growth computer technology and internet in 20th century has increased our dependence on computers and networks, which also led to the growth in new form of crime –“cyber crime” throughout the world. In the first chapter of Principle of Cybercrime, Clough describers the various definitions of cybercrime. It can be defined as crime that committed through internet on a computer. It uses computer as a tool to commit the crime like child pornography, fraud, copyright, piracy and etc. However, computer can also be a targeted victim. There are various types of cyber crime such as hacking, spamming, malware, and etc. More serious, cybercrime can move on to cyberterrorism which the attack on a computer is political, national security, or religious based. In the cyberspace, I believe that cybercrime is same as traditional crime that has three major categories, which are crime against person, crime again poverty, and crime against government. First, cyber crime against person is included cyber-stalking, threat, harassment or even violence/murder in a cyberspace. However, how did law perceive these problems? The law has suggested physical ground. In the case of violence and murder in a gameworld is hard to justify if it can consider as offences since no one is physical injured. Second, cyber crime against poverty includes hacking, fraud, spamming, and spreading virus. Cyber criminals can transform harmful programmers to other computer through...
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...Cyber Crime and Security Submitted by: ABSTRACT : Society is becoming more dependent upon data and networks to operate our businesses, government, national defense and other critical functions. Cybercrime, which is rapidly increasing in frequency and in severity, requires us to rethink how we should enforce our criminal laws. The current model of reactive, police-based enforcement, with its origins in real-world urbanization, does not and cannot protect society from criminals using computer technology. This paper gives detailed information regarding cybercrime, its types, modes of cyber crime and security measures including prevention to deal effectively with cybercrime. It demonstrates a need for a timely review of existing approaches to fighting this new phenomenon of cybercrime in the information age. Though it is not possible to remove Cyber Crime from the world but we can reduce it to a large extent by creating awareness in Society. We suggest a system of administrative regulation backed by criminal sanctions that will provide the incentives necessary to create a workable deterrent to cybercrime. Index: 1. Introduction 2. Types of Cyber Crimes 3. Cyber Criminals 4. Mode of Cyber Crimes 5. Security 6. Case Study 7. Conclusion 8. References Introduction: Cybercrime is an umbrella term that covers a wide array of attacks and scams.Cyber crime also known as Computer crime generally refers to criminal activity where a computer or network...
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...Abstract: Rising era of computer and other technologies as internet and gadgets, explosively increase in number of cybercrime or other crimes using technologies. The growth of computer forensic has taken as huge success to control those crimes which are committed using computers. The main task of computer forensic is to examining and collecting electronic data as evidence from a crime scene. The work of computer forensic is to recover the data which has been hacked or lost by the criminals using different system. The growing dependency on computer forensic has decreased the cybercrime and professionals have to understand the computer technology that is used in computer forensic. Introduction Forensic roots from a Latin word, “forensic” which...
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...What is Cyber-crime? Cyber-crime, or computer crime, refers to any illegal action that involves a network or computer. In this sense, the network or computer may have been used to commit a crime or may be the target of a crime. In the latter scenario, a hacker or computer thief, for instance, may steal information that was stored on the targeted system. Many times people may be confused as to the classification of what constitutes cyber-crime. Although this classification is somewhat confusing, due to the relative novelty field or lack of tangible nature, cyber-crime refers to any illegal action that is committed through an electronic-based medium or targets a computer-based platform. When debating what cyber-crime is, you must evaluate whether...
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...YourLastName University title Cyber Security: Computer Hacking Abstract Computer hacking incidences have dramatically increased over the years. However, the current federal laws, such as the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, have performed dismally in deterring potential cyber hackers. This paper explains that there are a very small percentage of computer hackers who are ever caught and prosecuted. This is the case since most companies, which are victimized by computer hackers, opt to hide the issue from the public and relevant authorities to maintain their position in the market. This paper explains the factors which encourage hacking by basing its arguments on formal psychological theories and informal observation. The review also explains the difference between malicious hackers and those who do it with good intentions. Business organizations today are hiring ethical hackers for the purpose of protecting themselves from the malicious ones. This paper also addresses police strategies for combating cyber hacking and also gives a comprehensive approach to reduce teenage hacking proclivity at an early stage. In countering this issue, law enforcement should apply previously done researches together with the current ones for maximum results. Keywords: computer hacking, business organizations, ethical hackers, law enforcement ...
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...------------------------------------------------- CYBER CRIME IN ITS VARIOUS FORMS ------------------------------------------------- Amneet Bedi ------------------------------------------------- CSE-Dept, RBCENTW Hoshiarpur ------------------------------------------------- e-mail.: amneetb2@gmail.com ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Abstract: This Paper is a review paper on the topic of Cybercrime and its forms. The paper describes very basic information about cybercrime. It includes introduction to cyber crime, its brief history, its types along with their brief description, today’s scenario regarding cybercrime and an introduction to cyber security as a weapon against cybercrime . The paper is best suited for those who want to understand what cybercrime exactly is at the beginners’ level and what are the prevailing cybercrimes. ------------------------------------------------- Keywords: Cybercrime, cyber security, Hacking, spoofing, Cyber stalking, DOS Attack, Computer Vandalism, Cyber terrorism, Softaware Piracy, Phishing, Data diddling, Virus/ Worms, Trojan ,Cyber Laundering, Cyber contraband. ------------------------------------------------- Introduction: Today , the world is moving towards a point where everything from banking, stock exchanges, traffic control, telephones to electric power, health care, welfare and education depends on software. Undoubtedly...
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...Russian Patriotic Hacking During Operation Allied Force Introduction. With the increasing number of cyberattacks, many security professionals are greatly troubled by the real threat to the information technology infrastructure in the United States. While safeguarding information has been a major issue for the private and public sectors since the beginning of the computer era, the increased level of concern over the most recent attacks has resulted in devoting more resources to combat this threat. This paper analyzes numerous cyberattacks by Russian computer enthusiast group Chaos Hackers Crew and other hacktivists during Operation Allied Force in 1999, that included taking down and defacing various NATO and US Government websites, several successful virus propagation attempts on military servers and countless spamming storms. This particular case raises curious questions about the legal definition of term cyberconflict itself, magnitude of the damage from a potential cyberattack on U.S. Government by terrorists and the level of preparedness of key military and intelligence units for the cyberwar. The cyberterrorism threat is real, however it’s essential to recognize that preserving the state of continuous distress over computer vulnerabilities can be profitable. Based on this research, cultural differences play a huge role in the world of computer hackers who decide what entity to attack and how, also the scale of a cyberattack doesn’t matter as economic damage can be devastating...
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...CYBER CRIME BY ONUOHA, MAUREEN CHIZOBA C/O MR. DIKE G. OKORONKWO, PLOT 607 MONSTERRADO STREET, (NEAR RUSSEL CENTRE) WUSE ZONE 4, ABUJA, NIGERIA 2348055954286 27TH MAY, 2005 onuchizoba@yahoo.com INTRODUCTION Over the past twenty years, unscrupulous computer users have continued to use the computer to commit crimes; this has greatly fascinated people and evoked a mixed feeling of admiration and fear. This phenomenon has seen sophisticated and unprecedented increase recently and has called for quick response in providing laws that would protect the cyber space and its users. The level of sophistication has gone high to the point of using the system to commit murder and other havoc. The first recorded cyber murder committed in the United States seven years ago according to the Indian Express, January, 2002 “has to do with an underworld don in hospital to undergo a minor surgery. His rival goon hired a computer expert who altered his prescriptions through hacking the hospital’s computer system. He was administered the altered prescription by an innocent nurse, this resulted in the death of the patient”[i] This work seeks to define the concept of cyber-crime, identify reasons for cyber-crime, how it can be eradicated, look at those involved and the reasons for their involvement, we would look at how best to detect a criminal mail and in conclusion, proffer recommendations that would help in checking the increasing rate of cyber-crimes and...
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...marketing activity. Most of e-commerce proceeds on the websites of publicly traded companies. A challenge that e-business face is that vulnerably experience e-crime, also known as cybercrime. As Internet technology continues to rise throughout the world, the threat of cyber crime also grows. While some of these crimes are relatively harmless and commonplace, others are very serious and carry with them felony charges. Various types of Cyber crimes that can be encountered over the net are spam, fraud, cyber terrorism and so on. Whether for individuals, companies or governments, cybercrime has become a big problem. Spam is defined as unsolicited junk e-mail. It is used by chain mailers, forger and some others who selling dubious products. “The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has identified 12 types of scams that are most likely to arrive in consumers’ e-mail boxes. The “dirty dozen” are: business opportunities, bulk e-mail, work at home schemes, health and diet scams, effortless income, free goods, investment opportunities, cable descrambler kits, guaranteed loans or credit on easy terms, credit repair, and vacation prize promotions”(Phommalinh). Meanwhile, the most common type of cybercrimes occurred in spam is virus which spread by e-mails. When one receive an e-mail with a virus, the default settings of your computer do not have any action required to resist virus. At that point, virus can follow instructions and does anything whatever the programmer wants it to do. The typical...
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...International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 3 Issue 8, August - 2014 The Impact of Mobile Information and Communication Technology on Cybercrime in Nigeria Oyenike Mary Olanrewaju1, Faith Oluwatosin Adebiyi2 1,2 Department of Mathematical Sciences and Information Technology Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria Keywords: Cybercrime, Intelligent, Investigatory Security, Mobile I. INTRODUCTION Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is often used as an extended synonym for Information Technology (IT). ICT is a term that summarizes the role of unified communications networks and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers and all its form of networks as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information to meet day to day needs of the society. A mobile device or mobile ICT basically describes a small, handheld computing device, typically having a display screen with a miniature keyboard and potable enough for users to carry with hands or conveniently kept in a pocket. They are also location independent. In other words their functionality is not confined to a specific geographical location. Nokia, LG, Motorola Mobility, BlackBerry, Samsung, and Apple are just a few examples of the many manufacturers producing these types of devices. A handheld computing...
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...tremendous attention nowadays due to the increasing use of internet, computers by the media and various public and private institutions. They recognize the terrible impacts with the cyber attacks. Cyber security involves preventative methods which are used to protect information from being stolen or attacked. Cyber attack is a crime that involves a computer and a network for stealing and attacking of information. It is an attack where a person uses a computer to commit an illegal act. At present, cyber attacks is the current challenging issue which has resulted in computer based criminal activities which are generating worldwide threat, destruction and disruption. There is no border for cyber activities. The increase in the use of internet by the world wide users and lack of international cyber...
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...Rising Cyber Terrorism and Role of Law in India Abstract: This paper makes an attempt to realize how cyber-crime and the measures to contain it are implemented in India. With the rise of global terrorism, terrorists are more inclined to use the vast internet for their nefarious activities. Something that they can accomplish without them physically being present and having the assurance of not being caught has promoted this form of terrorism all the more. In this paper an attempt has been made to understand cyber-terrorism, its various facets and also the laws and legislations in our country that inhibit such acts of terror. Introduction: The separation between the real world and virtual world is vanishing. The dependence of life on computers has increased high level. This dependency is used by the terrorists to their advantage by the use of internet. There are several types of cyber-crimes, such as Cyber Theft, Cyber Trespass, Cyber Stalking, Cyber Pornography, Cyber laundering, Cyber Theft, Cyber Vandalism and Cyber Terrorism, but the most threatening and dangerous are ones the that come under the category of the term cyber terrorism. Techno legal experts of India have been warning against growing incidences of cyber-attacks, cyber-crimes, cyber espionages, etc....
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...Recommendations……………………..………………………………………………………….6 Conclusion ………………………..………………………………………………………………7 Bibliography …………….………………………………………………………………………..8 Introduction Information and communications technology (ICT) is often used as an extended synonym for information technology (IT), but is a more specific term that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information. The phrase ICT had been used by academic researchers since the 1980s, but it became popular after it was used in a report to the UK government by Dennis Stevenson in 1997 and in the revised National Curriculum for England, Wales and Northern Ireland in 2000. As of September 2013, the term "ICT" in the UK National Curriculum has been replaced by the broader term "computing". The term ICT is now also used to refer to the convergence of audio-visual and telephone networks with computer networks through a single cabling or link system. There are large economic incentives (huge cost savings due...
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...introduction and background of the problem, Statement of the problem, General Objectives, Specific objectives, Research Hypothesis, Significance of the study, Limitations, Scope of study/case study, data collection methods, data analysis and literature review. Cybercrime is simply defined as crimes that are directly related to computers and using computers . According to Donna Batten , "computer crime is the use of a computer to take or alter data or to gain unlawful use of computers or services" ("Computer Crime"). International Law; united nation at the 10th United Nation's Congress on the Prevention of Crime and Treatment of offenders, several matters concerning computer networks and cybercrime which were categorized and defined as : "(a) Cybercrime in a narrow sense (computer crime): Any illegal behavior directed by means of electronic operations that targets the security of computer systems and the data processed by them". "(b) Cybercrime in a broader sense (computer-related crime): Any illegal behavior committed by means of, or in relation to a computer system or network, including such crimes as illegal possession (and) offering or distributing information by means of a computer system or network." The European legal framework concerned with the repression of cybercrime. This...
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...INTRODUCTION 1.1 Definition of Cyber Crime The internet in Bangladesh is growing rapidly. It has given rise to new opportunities in every field we can think of – be it entertainment, business, sports or education. There are two sides to a coin. Internet also has its own disadvantages. One of the major disadvantages is Cyber crime – illegal activity committed on the internet. The internet, along with its advantages, has also exposed us to security risks that come with connecting to a large network. Computers today are being misused for illegal activities like e-mail espionage, credit card fraud, spams, and software piracy and so on, which invade our privacy and offend our senses. “The modern thief can steal more with a computer than with a gun. Tomorrow's terrorist may be able to do more damage with a keyboard than with a bomb”. The term ‘cyber crime’ has been evolved from two words ‘cyber’ and ‘crime’. ‘Crime’ is more or less known to each individual on his own stand point, while ‘cyber’ is almost vague in meaning to the same. So if any time anybody uses the prefix ‘cyber’, we simply mean, he is talking about something is doing online or there has certain networking system. Actually anything related to Internet falls under the cyber category. Computer crime or cyber crime is a form of crime where the Internet or computers are used as a medium to commit crime. Issues surrounding this type of crime have become high-profile, particularly...
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