...and the Besieged Probation Supervisor Zacarias Sambula Jr, Derrick Cooper, Kenisha Smith, Harshvir Sekhon CJA/454 Criminal Justice Theory and Practice April 01, 2013 David Pettinari Case Study: Out-of-Town Brown and the Besieged Probation Supervisor Intro Question#1 Question#2 The mental and physical trauma experienced by the 23-year-old man from his stepfather was enough to send him over the edge and murder his stepfather. The boy never had a chance for a decent life. Many prosecutors would have a hard time sending him to jail because of the mental state in which the 23-year-old man was at the time. It is important to consider that there is no criminal record. According to, the young man’s report there is no prior record and had been an incest victim because he was five; otherwise he is a nonviolent person, a low recidivism risk. Because of the situation intermediate sanctions will benefits the young man because he will be able to get the treatment he needs. Intermediate sanctions serve multiple purposes aside from keeping the young man out of jail for treatment. It also allows the prison system to reduce the population, make room for the more serious offenders, provide non-violent offenders with opportunity at a second chance, offers a wide range of rehabilitation programs and treatments. While in intermediate sanctions the young man’s activities will be restricted while receiving the help he needs, at the same time hold him accountable for his actions...
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...The Alternative Sentencing Policies and Solutions This comprehensive analysis describes the different possible alternative solutions for women, and juvenile offenders. The Bureau of Justice Grant programs developed incentives for other programs to decrease the overcrowded conditions for most state and federal prisons. These grant programs provided the information and incentives for state governments to expand, build, and adapt closed military bases as extension of the federal penal prison system. This initiative encouraged local and state courts to implement truth-in-sentencing and alternative sentencing concepts to lessen the burden of overcrowded prison systems. The grants divided in half for building prisons to increase the bed space for violent offenders, and the other half for alternative solutions to incarceration. The incentive funds used for more alternative solutions; prison islands, or barges, or closed military bases. Sentencing Drug Statistics The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) reported four to one ratio of prisoners showed under the influence of drugs, or alcohol while committing the current crime, or at the time of the violation (Langan, P, & Levin, D, 2002). The BJS showed detailed statistics report of 400; 000 people arrested for drugs, or drug-related offenses; 70% sent to state prisons, 40% drug-related offenses, 32% alcohol-related offenses, and 20% other violent crimes. The survey researched by the Department of Justice (DOJ) along with the (BJS) report...
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...The Alternative Sentencing Policies and Solutions This comprehensive analysis describes the different possible alternative solutions for women, and juvenile offenders. The Bureau of Justice Grant programs developed incentives for other programs to decrease the overcrowded conditions for most state and federal prisons. These grant programs provided the information and incentives for state governments to expand, build, and adapt closed military bases as extension of the federal penal prison system. This initiative encouraged local and state courts to implement truth-in-sentencing and alternative sentencing concepts to lessen the burden of overcrowded prison systems. The grants divided in half for building prisons to increase the bed space for violent offenders, and the other half for alternative solutions to incarceration. The incentive funds used for more alternative solutions; prison islands, or barges, or closed military bases. Sentencing Drug Statistics The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) reported four to one ratio of prisoners showed under the influence of drugs, or alcohol while committing the current crime, or at the time of the violation (Langan, P, & Levin, D, 2002). The BJS showed detailed statistics report of 400; 000 people arrested for drugs, or drug-related offenses; 70% sent to state prisons, 40% drug-related offenses, 32% alcohol-related offenses, and 20% other violent crimes. The survey researched by the Department of Justice (DOJ) along with the (BJS) report...
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...spot. On the sign, it says you will pay $100 fine if caught parking in handicap spot illegally. The other category for deterrence is specific deterrence. Specific deterrence is reserved for the actual experience of punishment, which presumably will deter the punished individual from engaging in future transgressions. There is a television show that sends kids to jail for a day, so they can experience what being sent to jail is like. This would be an example of specific deterrence. The research done on general and specific deterrence has not support the theory of deterrence having a powerful influence on illegal behavior. Brutalization effect is where executions may actually increase the murder rate rather than reduce it. For specific deterrence, shock probation and Sacred Straight approach have been found to be ineffective. Intermediate sanction have been found to show more promising results. Some examples of intermediate sanctions are intensive supervision programs, urine testing, boot camps, and home confinement. A specific deterrent strategy combined with treatment may be the best option for some...
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...In his many theories of literature, Greek philosopher Aristotle frequently referenced the principle of catharsis, the purgation of excessive emotions into an intermediate state. Additionally, the formidable playwright metaphorically compared this component’s impact on the soul to medicine on the human body. Consequently, throughout time, people regarded tragedies, including Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex, as a mechanism to achieve this psychological disposition. Using Aristotelian theory, one can experience and understand the implementation of catharsis in Oedipus Rex through the elements of a tragic hero, peripeteia and anagnorisis, and the ultimate pathos. Contrary to a traditional protagonist, a tragic hero faces eventual downfall through unavoidable fate and his devastating hamartia. Utilizing Sophocles' Oedipus Rex as the ideal demonstration, Aristotelian theory outlines the elements of a tragedy. Therefore, Oedipus exhibits a fatal inadequacy in his overconfidence, specifically when he accidentally murders King Laius, his father, at the crossroads in an outburst of arrogance. Consequently, his insufficient knowledge and carelessness sanction the audience to gain wisdom through reflection of their own misunderstandings, therefore allowing for catharsis through...
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...As noted earlier, nonincarceration sentences include economic sanctions, probation, and intermediate sanctions; incarceration sentences include both short-term and long-term confinement. As described in the next two chapters, short sentences are sometimes linked with an intermediate sanction, so offenders spend part of their sentence in jail or prison and part of their sentence under supervision in the community. Finally, there are sentences of death. For sentences of incarceration, indeterminate and determinate sentences are the two primary models used throughout the United States, although there are many variations for each of these. Indeterminate sentences blend the decision by the sentencing judge and a later decision by a release authority to determine the actual time served. At the time of sentencing, judges sentence offenders to indeterminate sentences, with a minimum and maximum amount of time to be served (for example, two to five years or ten to twenty years). After serving the minimum term, offenders are eligible to be released and their cases are reviewed by a parole board. The parole board determines the release date any time between the minimum and maximum sentence. If a parole board never grants parole, the offender serves the maximum sentence and then must be released. The parole decision and postrelease supervision in the community are described in Chapter 6. indeterminate sentences sentences that have a minimum and maximum time to serve; a decision by a release...
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...HOLY FAMILY UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION AND EXTENDED LEARNING INTERMEDIATE ACCOUNTING I Semester: Fall 2014 August 27, 2014 – December 17, 2014 Course: ACCT 307 Intermediate Accounting I Credits: (3) Credit Hours Prerequisites: ACCT 206 Location: Woodhaven, Room 4 Days/Times T/TH (8:00am–9:30am) Instructor: Stephen B. Bates MBA, CPA, CGMA Office: Aquinas Hall, Rm. 17 Office Hours: T (1:30-4:30 p.m.)NE / TH (1:00-2:30 p.m.)WH Telephone: (267) 341-3522 E-mail: sbates@holyfamily.edu Catalog Course Description Preparation and interpretation of complex accounting statements, in particular assets using contemporary reporting techniques. Study of financial statements as well as in-depth analysis of the individual components of statements, with specific emphasis on current FASB statements and International Financial Reporting Standards. Students will utilize computerized spreadsheets to solve problems. Required Textbook Kieso, Weygandt, Warfield. INTERMEDIATE ACCOUNTING 15th Edition, 2013. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, N.J. ISBN – 978-1-118-14729-0 Other Required Resources Students will be required to access portions of selected financial statements of publicly held corporations via the internet. Additionally, three financial statements, Tootsie Roll, Hershey, and DuPont will be handed out...
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...SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS THE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong _____________________________________________________________________________________ ECON2102/2220 Intermediate Macroeconomics 2015-2016 ECON2102CD/2220CD Instructor: C. Chen Office: 901 KKL Office hours: Monday 1:40am – 3:00pm and Tuesday 4:40pm – 6:00pm E-mail: ccfour@hku.hk Semester: 2 Class meeting: ECON2102C/2220C: Monday 9:30am – 12:20pm in LE6 ECON2102D/2220D: Tuesday 1:30pm – 4:20pm in MB201 Mid-term Exams: ECON2102C/2220C: March/14th. (Mon.) 9:40am – 12:10pm in LE6 ECON2102D/2220D: March/15th. (Tue.) 1:40pm – 4:10pm in MB201 Teaching assistant: Mr. Yuk Kwan Wong. One extra class for ECON2102C: Please choose among March/7th. (Mon.) and May/3rd-6th. Q&A class for ECON2102CD: April/26th. (Tue.) Prerequisites: ECON1001/1210 introductory microeconomics and ECON1002/1220 Introductory macroeconomics according to the Regulations, Syllabus & Structure and List of Courses for the BEcon and BEcon&Fin programmes. The course is primarily for students majoring in economics and as such can be technical at times, involving the use of mathematics including elementary calculus. Slides are available at http://www.sef.hku.hk/~ccfour/#Teaching Textbook: Macroeconomics by Andrew B. Abel, Ben S. Bernanke, and Dean Croushore, 8th edition, Pearson Addison Wesley. Assessment: Homework (problem sets plus one short essay) Test (mid-term) Examination (final) 20% (10%+10%) 20% 60%...
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...Victim and Crime Evaluation Larry Fulse CJA /354 May 5, 2014 Joeseph Caulfield The Criminal Justice system today is our scale of judgment. It plays a major part in how we live and how we continue to live among all the dangers, evil and corruption that surrounds us. Without it there wouldn`t be the fine line of right and wrong, there wouldn`t be justice. Those that are considered victims in our criminal justice would turn and become the aggressors and the criminals if we didn`t have a Legal System, and we would live in a world of chaos. Many individuals each have a role to play in our Criminal Justice System; there are the criminal and the victims who create the unfortunate events to which justice has to be served and then there are the defense attorneys and the prosecutors who do their best to upload the justice system and make sure that justice is served. What are the goals of sentencing associated? A defense attorney is a hired contractor, charged with representing individuals or entities in criminal or civil matter. People and organization facing criminal charges or being sued civilly hire a defense attorney to ensure their legal rights are properly protected and guide them through the legal counsel, is ethically and professionally required to watch over only the interest of his clients, within the boundaries of the law. He is legally and morally considered an “officer of the court,” and is required to refrain from lying or misrepresenting the facts of the...
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...According to Heidi Rimke, criminological modernism theory is centred on the requirement that devotion is placed on the rules of scientific endeavours which will give an objective and authoritative language that will enable social problems to be resolved in a civilised manner (2011) Unlike classical criminology of the 18th century which main focus was on calculated choices made by the rational human agent, criminological positivism assumes that natural science should be the implemented method applied to the objective study of criminality. This line of thinking emerged in the 19th century during what was said to be a much more broader movement that saw all social problems scrutinized in the course of a scientific viewpoint. Positivism is a pathological approach to human conduct fashioned either or jointly by biological, psychological or psychiatric factors and attributes which are isolated and measured, at the root of any criminal activity, the mind and body are perceived to be flawed (Hester and Eglin 1992). Criminality is perceived to be a naturally caused beyond individual control, it occurred due to the disordered psyche, mind or body. Theorists argue that criminals commit crime due to a faulty reasoning and the prevention of crime should focus on re-education of criminals. They can be changed into being productive and useful members of the society and can be reformed from criminal activities. Punishment is viewed in order to fit the criminal depending on they type of...
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...Alternatives to Incarceration Abstract Our country continues to search alternatives to the overcrowded prisons bulging at the seams. Citizens are crying for a relief on taxation in funding these prisons. The criminal justice system has searched for years for ideas to limit incarceration. Some alternative programs have withstood the test of time, some continue to build a name for themselves, and others have just come onto the scene. This paper will focus on three alternative programs to placing adults in prisons. These programs include military services, intensive supervision programs (ISP’s), and Restorative Justice programs. Each provides some type of benefit to criminals, corrections department, and society. Alternatives to Incarceration Our country seems to have gone in various directions trying to find a successful justice system to work in punishing crimes. We went from a rehabilitation system, to no tolerance policies in the 1980’s. Overcrowded prisons forced officials to let prisoners out early in the 90’s. Taxpayers wanted something done with crime in their communities, but didn’t know which way to turn. A faulty criminal justice system has been blamed in such that it had, “Inadequate or ineffective rehabilitation programs, lack of drug treatment, insufficient funding for resettlement after prison, and other . . . policies. . . .”, (Sherman & Strang, 2007, p. 12). Crimes continue to be a major concern within American society, yet our only response...
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...beginning of time. It seems that crime will forever be present within society. It was societies’ decision to provide punishment for people who commit crimes. At some point in time, it became a unified idea to have some place to house criminals. The division of the criminal justice system that is responsible for housing criminals is known as The Department of Corrections. The Department of Corrections gives communities protection by providing jails and prisons for criminals. These facilities allow offenders to receive fair service while serving their time. The mission of places to house criminals is to reduce the risk of criminal conduct through a partnership with communities, with a continuum of community supervision, incarceration, sanctions and services to manage offender behavior. The fundamental value in the continuum of probation, prison, and parole is the principle that the least restrictive method be used to oversee offender behavior (Schmalleger & Smykla, 2009). Corrections have been around for quite some time. During the 1700’s, prisons were a terrible environment for prisoners. Prisons were nasty and did not provide good care for prisoners. The prisons were unsanitary and many prisoners got sick because of the filthy conditions. It has been proven that many times prisoners did not eat properly in prison and they received harsh corporal punishment on a regular basis. As time progressed, the prisons began to develop in a positive manner (www.prisonsociety.org/about/history...
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...The Sanctions Debate and the Logic of Choice David A. Baldwin debate over whether economic sanctions "work" is mired in a scholarly limbo. One writer contends that recent international relations scholarship has promoted optimism about the utility of such measures and sets out to challenge this trend} while another notes the pessimism that "pervades the sanctions literature" and proceeds to argue that it is unjustified. 2 A third scholar cites the sanctions literature as an example of fruitless academic debate with little policy relevance.3 Such divergent readings of the scholarly literature are often explained by differences in ideology or fundamentally different theoretical orientations. This does not seem to be the case with respect to the sanctions debate. Under appropriate circumstances, it is quite possible for liberals, neoliberals, realists, neorealists, or globalists to argue in favor of using economic sanctions. If the sanctions debate is bogged down, the explanation does not seem to lie in the essentially contested nature of the subject matter. A second potential explanation is that scholars are talking past one another because they ask different questions, use different concepts, and set the discussion in different analytical contexts. In short, they are talking about different things. This article explores the second explanation. The basic paradox at the heart of the sanctions debate is that policymakers continue to use sanctions with increasing...
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...(fairness) Administrative law: Rules that govern industry. Ex. FCC Statutory law: Created by government rep. Written law formally enacted by city, county, state and federal legislative bodies. Executive orders- orders from executive branch Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. Freedom of speech, press, religion, petition, assembly Laws establish boundaries and allow for punishment of violators, they limit government power, and establish fundamental rights/liberties. They carry sanctions. Policy is adopted to achieve a social goal,they lack sanctions. Laws are passed in the U.S. to support policy. FCC- Federal Communication Commission is an IRA. Directed by five commissioners appointed by the President/confirmed by the senate for 5 year terms creates laws, administers law, establishes policy Congress creates FCC A party would appeal an FCC ruling at the Federal Court of appeals for District of Columbia. 6. Jurisdiction- States District of Columbia Federal Military U.S. territories There are appellate and trial...
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...Life in Prison Cody Cotten CJA/383 December 21, 2010 Chet Madison Jr. Life in Prison When an individual is introduced to the prison life, after violating rules and laws, he or she must come to terms about the journey he or she are about to take behind bars in prison. No one can save them, or do their time for them, and a majority of their freedom has been stripped from them either temporarily or permanently. Prison life deals with all walks of life and is not discriminative toward any race. In this paper I will discuss my perspective on prison life, policies I would enforce an inmate’s need for respect, changes on correctional policy, and why people commit crimes. I have learned many things about prison life. I have in fact changed my perception of what I thought prison life was like. Prison is in fact a fight for survival where the stronger inmates will abuse the weaker inmates. Not only survival from inmates, but from a few corrupted correctional officials as well. When entering prison, one must be perceived as a tough individual to avoid being abused or bullied by other inmates. In addition to other inmates, there are some correctional officers that bully and abuse certain inmates for many reasons. This also gives reason for inmates to hold a sturdy ground while incarcerated. S.D. (2003), currently, prison administrator’s house inmates together based on their desire for violence, misconduct, and escape. The idea behind this is that grouping dangerous...
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