...Heroin Addiction Psyc 305 B-03 June 15, 2015 Abstract: This paper will serve to provide information about heroin addiction in our society. Heroin addiction is an epidemic problem in the United States and is growing every year. Factors such as genetics and environmental factors will be discussed as they relate to heroin addicts. Trends with prescription pain medication and their effects on heroin use will be discussed. This paper will also highlight the prevalence of heroin in the United States. Heroin affects different groups of people in all walks of life. Treatment for heroin will be discussed in the latter portion of this paper. This will highlight different options to fit specific needs. Addiction: a physical dependency on a substance (Doweiko, 2015), a chronic brain disease that causes compulsive substance use despite harmful consequences, (Addiction, 2015). There is no universally accepted way to define addiction. It seems that it is easier to qualify behavior as an addiction than it is to define the word itself. For the purpose of this paper we will use the four general categories of the DSM-5 to help identify and understand heroin addiction. This paper will serve to provide information about heroin addiction’s possible causes, prevalence and treatment. What causes heroin addiction? The causes of heroin addiction are not clear. As with most drugs it is thought that the user is trying to feel better or self-medicate...
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...concentration of fentanyl concentrations in plasma is how the drug is administered. Fentanyl is available in transdermal patches, lollipops, injectables, and oral doses. young patients given 75.0 μg intranasal dose had an average plasma concentration of 0.7ng/mL after 11 minutes. When the same dose was given intravenously (IV) the average plasma concentration reached 0.9ng/mL after 5 minutes. When a dose of 60 μg/kg was given IV to older patients receiving cardiac surgery the plasma concentration of fentanyl reached 100ng/mL and higher. This peak concentration decreased rapidly to 10 ng/mL in one hour due to fentanyls short half life. Plasma levels following oral administration to healthy young adults reached an average of 2.1 ng/mL after 0.4 hrs. Transdermal patches seem to offer the greatest variability in plasma concentrations of fentanyl. A study which administered 75 μg/hr transdermal patches to patients found an average plasma concentration of 1.9 ng/mL after one day. A report involving three patients with 25-50 μg/hr transdermal patches found no traces of fentanyl in the patients plasma. A patient that exhibited extreme tolerance to the drug was reported to have 34 100 μg/hr patches on her body and the...
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...Anthropology Lecture 1 introduction Common Misconceptions with Drugs . The effect of a drug is caused solely by its pharmacological properties and effects. . Some drugs are instantly addictive . The gateway/ stepping stone theory - the use of 1 drug leads to the use of other more dangerous drugs What are drugs ? Krivanek's definition : Drugs are substances that are introduced into the body knowingly but not as food. Therefore illicit drugs, legal recreational drugs and legal but regulated pharmaceutical drugs that aren't recreational at all. - Whether if a drug is considered bad and is prohibited depends on the culture of the society in a particular period. What is culture ? The definition of culture = Through Roger keesing and Andrew Strathern's definition it is a system of shared ideas, rules and meanings that underlie and are expressed in the ways that human live. - This includes : law, beliefs, political economy, media and popular culture - this perceives ideas about what is normal and abnormal to society. " Culture is always changing and contested, not unified" Enthography as a method for studying drug use It is a process of observing, recoding and describing other peoples way of life through intimate participation the community being studied". - Participation observation, involving yourself in the life of the community , taking up the life of the other person, observing their actions, asking questions and learning what questions...
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