...city, and county law enforcement agencies on a basis that is considered to be voluntary when it comes to the reporting crime data that is brought to their attention. These agencies of the law enforcement profession covers more than eighty percent of the population of this nation.(DOJ/FBI, 2004) This said information that is produced by contributors of the Uniform Crime Reporting System is forwarded to the Federal Bureau of Investigation directly through programs of UCR that is either state or local level of more than forty states and also D.C. State and local law enforcement agencies that directly submit to the FBI are given guidance on a continuous basis not to mention support individually. (DOJ/FBI, 2004) UCR programs that are on the level of state are links that have proven to be effective between contributors that are considered to be local and the Federal Bureau of Investigation as well. A vast amount of these UCR programs have requirements of reporting that are said to be commanded by authority and gather data that goes well to the further side of the scope that when it comes to crime problems that need to be addressed, problems that are relevant to their jurisdictions.(Spencer, 2012) In a various amount of situations, these law...
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...“Women in Law Enforcement” Introduction For the last twenty years it has been proven that women in law enforcement bring a unique perspective to policing. Women in law enforcement have struggled to become accepted and respected at federal, state and local levels. Women that enter law enforcement need to prove their emotional and physical strength. There are many reasons why women want to be part of law enforcement, from financial and job security, to prestige and reward. The truth is that a woman that knowingly steps into a world where she is expected to fail will have to work harder as she seeks equality. History In the early 1820s Quaker women were paid to provide religious and secular training to women and juvenile inmates. The importance that women had in these positions was crucial. In cities of over twenty-thousand, such as New York and Massachusetts, legislature was passed requiring to hire paid police matrons. However, the police matrons had no police powers. In 1845 the first “matrons” were appointed by the New York Police Department, but it was not until 1878 that they became police department employees. (Vila & Morris, 1999) In the late 1800s some women were unofficially appointed to complete the positions of their late sheriff husbands, such as Ms. Latty , the wife of Sheriff James Latty, from Iowa. In 1918 Ms. Banister, from Coleman County, Texas, was officially known as the first woman Sheriff in the country. She performed...
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...and fines, they also carry additional consequences that go beyond what most people know happens. While we strive to be a “more perfect nation” as the Constitution so eloquently describes America, we also have placed incredible burdens on our populace who has strayed from the path. Felonies and Misdemeanors When asked “what is the difference between a felony and a misdemeanor?” The probably most answered reply is “A felony is a crime in which the maximum sentence is punishable by more than a year in prison, a misdemeanor is a crime which the maximum punishment is up to a year in a jail.” While perfectly true, and factual, the consequences of both felonies and misdemeanors, are a little more encompassing. According to Black’s Law Dictionary a felony, at its simplest, is defined as “Generally an offense punishable by death or imprisonment in penitentiary” (Black, 1968). In most jurisdictions that definition is expanded to something that may read “a crime that carries a maximum punishment, of over one year in a penitentiary, death, or a fine of over $100,000.00”. Also according to Black’s a misdemeanor is, at its simplest defined as “Offenses lower than felonies and generally those punishable by fine or imprisonment otherwise than in penitentiary.” (Black, 1968). Capital offenses, which are the most grievous of crimes, for which the maximum penalty is either...
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...Cloud Computing: The Benefits and the Downside Air, energy, the environment are intangible to the human eye, but yet all three play an integral part in our survival. Cloud computing relates to these three things because all of these could be adversely affected by cloud computing. Technology is an ever evolving and growing market dominated by the consumerism of Apple products and a world where instant gratification is gloried as information is processed in the matter of seconds. The evolution of technology has not only changed the way that we communicate with one another, but also the way in which businesses must conduct their daily transactions. A person in the United States can keep in touch with a friend thousands of miles of way in Brazil or England using Facebook or Twitter. World events spread in the same manner as wildfire, uniting citizens around the world with such topics as war and human rights. We live in a society in which technology has shaped the people that we are today. Most students in middle or high school have had access to a cellular phone since their birth. Beyond the surface of technology being used as a device to interact with one another, technology is used as a device to store information. Our society has transformed from storing information on a hard drive or a flash drive to the information being stored on the Internet via the concept of cloud computing. Cloud computing is the act in which information can be stored and reviewed over the Internet rather...
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...because of their race, lack of intelligence, or because they just didn’t have the right skills in order to work in the U.S. We will be focusing on 4 immigration policies overall. 2 racial based policies, like the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. The Chinese Exclusion Act prohibited Chinese immigrants from coming into the U.S. Also along with the Chinese Exclusion Act is the Naturalization Act of 1790. The Naturalization Act of 1790 only really focused on the U.S.’s need to bring in people with “good moral character” because the U.S. wanted to make their nation, to what they believed as “pure”. Also, 2 profession based policies, like the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, which was a law that took away jobs from every single immigrant that was in the U.S. without proper documentation. Also, the Secure Fence Act of 2006 which is a law that allowed for a huge fence to be placed along the U.S.-Mexico border in order to prevent immigrants from Mexico from sneaking into the U.S. Based on these policies the Immigration Policies from 1790 to 2006 were unjustified because they limited certain immigrants from coming into the U.S. The immigration policies from 1790 to 1942 were unjustified because it had prevented certain immigrants from being allowed into the United States. The Naturalization Act of 1790, as stated before, was one of these unjustified acts. This act was only for white immigrants. It gave white immigrants the privilege...
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...Polis Bilimleri Dergisi Cilt:9 (1-4) Turkish Journal of Police Studies Vol: 9 (1-4) A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE POLICE TRAINING IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, THE UNITED STATES AND TURKEY ngiltere, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve Türkiye’deki Polis Eğitimlerine Karşılaştırmalı Bir Bakış Cemil DOĞUTAŞ* Osman DOLU ** Serdar Kenan GÜL*** Özet olis eğitimi konusunda dünyada farklı ülkeler süre ve içerik yönüyle farklı yöntemler uygulamaktadırlar. Türkiye’deki geleneksel teori ağırlıklı ve uzun süreli olan polis eğitimine karşın ngiltere ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde polis eğitiminin daha kısa ve uygulama merkezli olduğu göze çarpmaktadır. Bu nedenle de bu ülkelerdeki polislik anlayışı ve polisiye uygulamalar da farklılık arz etmektedir. Bu çalışma ngiltere, ABD ve Türkiye’deki polis eğitim sistemlerini karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edecek, güçlü ve zayıf yönlerini inceleyerek benzer ve farklı yanlarını ortaya koyacaktır. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma, söz konusu ülkelerdeki en iyi uygulamalar ışığında daha iyi bir polis eğitiminin nasıl olması gerektiği konusunda öneriler getirecektir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Polis Eğitimi, Teorik Eğitim, Uygulamalı Eğitim, Müfredat. Abstract here are different practices in police training in different parts of the world in terms of their content and length. Police training in the United Kingdom and the United States are relatively short and practice-oriented compared to the long and theory-oriented training tradition in Turkey. Therefore, policing philosophy...
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...was utilized to varying extents through most of history, but entered public dispute with the advent of universal schooling, with changes in working conditions during the industrial revolution, and with the emergence of the concepts of workers' and children's rights. In many developed countries, it is considered inappropriate or exploitative if a child below a certain age works (excluding household chores or school-related work). An employer is usually not permitted to hire a child below a certain minimum age. This minimum age depends on the country and the type of work involved. States ratifying the Minimum Age Convention adopted by the International Labour Organization in 1973, have adopted minimum ages varying from 14 to 16. Child labor laws in the United States set the minimum age to work in an establishment without restrictions and without parents' consent at age 16. * | Historical During the Industrial Revolution, children as young as four were employed in production factories with dangerous, and often fatal, working conditions. Based on this understanding of the use of children as labourers, it is now considered by wealthy countries to be a human rights violation, and is outlawed, while some poorer countries may allow or tolerate child labour. Agile boys were employed by the chimney sweeps; small children were employed to scramble under machinery to retrieve cotton bobbins; and children were also employed to work in coal mines to crawl through tunnels too narrow...
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...Part 1 Study of the Law in General Chapter 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, the learner should be able to: 1. Differentiate between public and private law. 2. Compare and contrast contract and tort law. 3. Compose a scenario that illustrates the difference between the substantive and procedural aspects of criminal law. 4. Identify and explain the differences between various sources of law. 5. Describe the branches of government and their roles in creating, administering, and enforcing law. 6. Explain the process of how a bill becomes a law. 7. List and describe quasi-legal requirements to which health-care organizations are subject. KEY CONCEPTS Common law Conflict of laws Constitution Contract law Deeming authority Electronic case filing systems Felonies 2 Law Misdemeanors Ordinances Private law Procedural law Public law Res judicata Separation of powers Stare decisis Statutes Substantive law Tort law Words of authority Workings of the American Legal System INTRODUCTION As health care becomes more complex, the interplay between the law and health care increases. Government regulation of the health-care field continues almost without pause while lawsuits against health-care providers appear to increase. The interplay of these forces significantly affects the health information manager’s ability to manage patient-specific health information. Thus, the health information manager must possess a fundamental...
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...what they did to me. Old, disgusting men. It was horrible. They knew I did not want to be there, but they paid their money. They used me. I was their property for the night. They destroyed me. (14-year-old girl at Casa Hogar, a shelter in Costa Rica for children rescued from the country’s sex trade1) OVERVIEW Prostitution has been called the world’s oldest “profession.” In reality, it is the world’s oldest “oppression” and continues to be one of the most overlooked human rights abuses of women on the planet today. 2 Prostitution of women is a particularly lethal form of violence against women, and a violation of a woman’s most basic human rights. While society attempts to normalize prostitution on a variety of levels (discussed later in this paper), prostituted women are subjected to violence and abuse at the hands of paying “clients.” For the vast majority of prostituted women, “prostitution is the experience of being hunted, dominated, harassed, assaulted and battered.” 3 It is “sexual terrorism against women at the hands of men and little is being done to stop the carnage.”4And in “no other so-called profession are so many women murdered each year.” 5 More than anything, prostitution is not a choice, as some claim. Survivors of prostitution have described it as “the choice made by those who have no choice.” 6 The global forces that “choose” women for prostitution include, among others, gender discrimination, race discrimination, poverty, abandonment,...
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...accounting scandals that have dominated the business news for the last few years, as well as recurring announcements of large settlements in class action suits against major accounting firms, the prospect of a malpractice case against an accounting firm would at first glance seem attractive. Juries are presumably more predisposed to view accountants with renewed skepticism, when hardly a news cycle passes without some reference to accounting fraud, investigations, and the occasional large-scale debacles like the demise of Arthur Andersen, not to mention the high-profile criminal prosecutions that have recently gone to trial. Daniel J. Hurson, formerly Assistant Chief Litigation Counsel at the SEC, practices securities enforcement and accounting malpractice law in Washington, D.C. His website is www.hursonlaw.com. 25 26 The Practical Lawyer April 2006 Accountant malpractice litigation is a minefield of arcane judicial doctrines layered over pleading and discovery traps that can bury the best plaintiffs’ counsel. Indeed, among the players in these sagas, the accountants sometimes offer the best litigation target. The companies themselves have often tanked; the errant executives dismissed, awash in legal problems, and without insurance coverage; but the accountants (Andersen notwithstanding) live on and prosper. They are generally deep-pocketed and amply insured, and the surviving “big four” firms are vast international organizations with billions in revenues. Even...
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...Journal of Applied Business and Economics Global Business Management: Current Trends and Practices Michael Wisma Saint Joseph College of Indiana Today, problems associated with global business management have been identified as factors that negatively impact the performance and productivity of multinational corporations and in turn, adversely affect regional and national economic growth. While factors related to logistics and distribution are important when selecting international suppliers, they are inadequate when considered in isolation of internal and external forces. This paper engages in a comprehensive and systematic analysis of global supply chain management, particularly in terms of micro and macro cultural considerations. INTRODUCTION Organizations are facing increased global competition, economic uncertainties, and changing markets. Technology is changing the way we conduct business and manage information. Outsourcing of significant functions within businesses and organizations complicates the landscape of supplier relations. Suppliers and vendor partners may be located in the same city, region or country. But they are just as likely to be located halfway around the world, adding new challenges to business management. The growth of international strategic partnerships has risen exponentially in the last twenty years. Competing in a global marketplace has made it increasingly important to align business strategies with a risk management strategy...
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...Digital Evidence: A Guide for Law Enforcement U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs 810 Seventh Street N.W. Washington, DC 20531 John Ashcroft Attorney General Deborah J. Daniels Assistant Attorney General Sarah V. Hart Director, National Institute of Justice This and other publications and products of the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice can be found on the World Wide Web at the following site: Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij APR. 04 Forensic Examination of Digital Evidence: A Guide for Law Enforcement NCJ 199408 Sarah V. Hart Director This document is not intended to create, does not create, and may not be relied upon to create any rights, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law by any party in any matter civil or criminal. Opinions or points of view expressed in this document represent a consensus of the authors and do not represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. The products, manufacturers, and organizations discussed in this document are presented for informational purposes only and do not constitute product approval or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Justice. This document was prepared under Interagency Agreement #1999–IJ–R–094 between the National Institute of Justice and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Office of Law Enforcement Standards. The National Institute...
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...Museum, Kirksville, Missouri. For Kathryn Gevitz This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Preface & Acknowledgments ix Chapter 1 Andrew Taylor Still THE MISSOURI MECCA IN THE FIELD 39 1 22 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 STRUCTURE & FUNCTION EXPANDING THE SCOPE 54 69 85 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 THE PUSH FOR HIGHER STANDARDS A QUESTION OF IDENTITY The California Merger 101 115 135 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 REAFFIRMATION & EXPANSION In a Sea of Change 155 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 THE CHALLENGE OF DISTINCTIVENESS 171 Notes 193 Index 237 This page intentionally left blank PREFACE & ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I first became aware of the existence of the osteopathic medical profession during the summer of 1974. I was meeting my friend David,...
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...0ct 09 2002 10:55 Dec 17, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 G:\DOCS\110TH\HELP\110-99\43027.TXT HBUD PsN: DICK COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND LABOR GEORGE MILLER, California, Chairman Dale E. Kildee, Michigan, Vice Chairman Donald M. Payne, New Jersey Robert E. Andrews, New Jersey Robert C. ‘‘Bobby’’ Scott, Virginia Lynn C. Woolsey, California ´ Ruben Hinojosa, Texas Carolyn McCarthy, New York John F. Tierney, Massachusetts Dennis J. Kucinich, Ohio David Wu, Oregon Rush D. Holt, New Jersey Susan A. Davis, California Danny K. Davis, Illinois ´ Raul M. Grijalva, Arizona Timothy H. Bishop, New York ´ Linda T. Sanchez, California John P. Sarbanes, Maryland Joe Sestak, Pennsylvania David Loebsack, Iowa Mazie Hirono, Hawaii Jason Altmire, Pennsylvania John A. Yarmuth, Kentucky Phil Hare, Illinois Yvette D. Clarke, New York Joe Courtney, Connecticut Carol Shea-Porter, New Hampshire Howard P. ‘‘Buck’’ McKeon, California, Senior Republican Member Thomas E. Petri, Wisconsin Peter Hoekstra, Michigan Michael N. Castle, Delaware Mark...
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...Financial Scandals and the Role of Private Enforcement: The Parmalat Case Law Working Paper N° 40/2005 May 2005 Guido Ferrarini University of Genoa, Centre for Law and Finance and ECGI Paolo Giudici Free University of Bozen and Centre for Law and Finance © Guido Ferrarini and Paolo Giudici 2005. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. This paper can be downloaded without charge from: http://ssrn.com/abstract=730403 www.ecgi.org/wp ECGI Working Paper Series in Law Financial Scandals and the Role of Private Enforcement: The Parmalat Case Working Paper N° 40/2005 May 2005 Guido Ferrarini Paolo Giudici This Working Paper is based upon a draft prepared for the EU Corporate Law Making Conference (Cambridge, October 29-30, 2004) organized by Harvard Law School and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich). The authors are grateful to Gerard Hertig, Mark Roe, Donald Langevoort, and other conference participants for helpful comments. Drafts of this paper were also presented at the Yale Law School Alumni Meeting on October 8-10, 2004; at a meeting of the Associazione Via Isonzo held in Milan on October 10, 2004; and at a seminar at the Institute of Law and Finance (ILF), University of Frankfurt, on January 18, 2005. The authors are grateful to Theodore Baums, Andreas Cahn, Carmine Di Noia, Jon Macey,...
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