...Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel Disease are two disorders that affects the gastrointestinal tract. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease are the two well-known Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. At present, the pathophysiology of the two inflammatory bowel diseases will be discussed. “Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes ulceration of the colonic mucosa, most commonly in the rectum and sigmoid colon” Huether & Mccance (2017). Individuals affected with this disease suffer from pain that eventually it has a negative impact on their lifestyle satisfaction. The pathophysiology of Ulcerative colitis consists of inflammation of the large intestine the results in lesions, hyperemic of the mucosa, erosions, ulcers,...
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...Mary Land Medical Center , 2013). Peppermint, a popular plant in Europe that has herbal properties to aid in many health ailments, is widely characterized as a popular flavoring for gum, toothpaste, and tea. It is the oil from the leaves and flowering tops of the peppermint plant that are used in various herbal remedies (Wurges Jennifer, 2005). An herbal remedy is defined as the use of plants for medical purposes (Wurges Jennifer, 2005). Peppermint oil acts as a muscle relaxant and was traditionally used to treat digestive symptoms in Ancient Egypt. The oil continues to be used for various health ailments including nausea, indigestion, cold symptoms, headaches, muscle and nerve pain, stomach problems, and bowel conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (Foster, 2012).The Menthyl is the ingredient that gives peppermints its minty flavoring and aroma while Menthol is the main component in peppermint that provides a cooling sensation. The Peppermint plant grows to about 2 - 3 feet tall and blooms from July through August, sprouting tiny purple flowers. Peppermint is native to Europe and Asia and grows wild in moist, temperate areas (Wurges Jennifer, 2005). The peppermint plant is used primarily for its oil which is extracted from the leaves. The quality of the peppermint oil depends on the climate, habitat and where the peppermint is grown. The peppermint oil is harvested when the oil content is highest. When the peppermint oil...
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...Right Hemicolectomy: Case Study Anatomy: the abdominal cavity, right colon, cecum, the ascending colon, the hepatic flexure (where the ascending colon joins the transverse colon), the first one-third of the transverse colon, and part of the terminal ileum, along with fat and lymph nodes Indications: Indications for open right hemicolectomy include numerous benign and malignant conditions. The most common malignant condition is adenocarcinoma of the right colon; other malignant indications are malignant tumors of the appendix and cecum. The benign conditions include adenomatous polyps of the colon that cannot be removed endoscopically, carcinoids, irritable bowel syndrome (Crohn disease and sometimes ulcerative colitis), cecal volvulus, severe appendicitis with involvement of the cecum in the inflammatory process, and isolated right-side colonic diverticular disease (rare) Special considerations: In order to plan an operation for a patient with colon cancer, the surgeon must have a thorough understanding of the tumor's location in the bowel, the stage of the cancer, and the patient's physiologic status. ( answer those with pt. info) Pharmacology: Preop- 4 L of polyethylene glycol solution is given to the patient to be taken over 2-3 hours in the afternoon of the day before the procedure. A sodium phosphate enema is given on the night before the operation. Two doses of metronidazole and neomycin sulfate are given after the lavage preparation on the day before surgery. An...
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...Aloe Vera: History, Science, and Medicinal Uses Presented by www.HealingAloe.com Many people are looking to nature for answers to their present health challenges. Aloe has never been more popular as a natural and holistic approach to many of today‟s modern diseases. People across the world with Diabetes, Arthritis, Gout, Psoriasis, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Ulcers, Inflammation, and other conditions are looking to Liquid Aloe Vera for help. Even more people believe “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure”, and numerous scientific studies on Aloe Vera are demonstrating its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, immune modulating and anti-tumor activities as well as antiviral, anti-bacterial, and antifungal properties. Aloe‟s medicinal properties can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the combined nutritional elements producing a more powerful effect than the individual components. This book will serve to educate and inform you as you decide to make Aloe part of your daily health program. CONTENTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Historical Information Early Medicinal Uses Preparation for Use Nutritional Overview of Aloe Medicinal Benefits External Healing Internal Healing Maximize Your Benefits What‟s Next? References 2 2 3 5 7 8 8 11 11 12 www.HealingAloe.com 1 1. Historical Information Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) is a specific species of Aloe. There are over 400 species of Aloe Vera plants in the Lily Family. Aloe plants tend to grow...
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...and only theories to date, we can at least see ways to help ease the pain; therapies to help make the patients more active and have a better quality of life. Fibromyalgia: The Pathophysiology Much debate of Fibromyalgia has existed since the first diagnosis. Some people are lead to believe that it replaced Chronic Pain Syndrome and/or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Did it, we will examine that here. Depending on who you talk to Fibromyalgia exists, Endocrinology says no and Neurology says yes. Who’s right, which is what we will find out? What we do know; “Fibromyalgia is a chronic musculoskeletal syndrome characterized by widespread joint and muscle pain, fatigue, and tender points” (McCance RN & Huether RN, 2010, p. 1606). If that is Fibromyalgia does that not describe Chronic Pain Syndrome? Well yes and no, Chronic Pain Syndrome usually stays, is always with you all the time, whereas Fibromyalgia has exacerbations that come and go. Chronic pain Syndrome can also incorporate two different syndromes such as Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome together ("Pain," n.d.). While the exacerbations of Fibromyalgia seem to come and go, long term studies indicate that signs and symptoms stabilize within the...
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...Cover Page There are many other alternatives to modern methods of medical treatment. With modern medicine being the standard there must be unconventional routes that one can take to achieve the goal of good health. Those alternatives include acupuncture, herbal remedies and yoga. Though modern medicine can be diverse it also can be very complex and in contradiction with the human body. Most medicine is animal based and experimented on animals and sometimes even humans. But can our expectations be a little euphoric for positive results set on miraculous when using animal based medicines? Moreover we cannot negate the fact that modern medicine and medical treatment has helped people avoid and control diseases for several decades. Reports show that since 1970 the death rate has decreased on average of 60% and strokes and death are down 70%. Cancer has dropped 16% since 1990 and HIV/AIDS death rate has decreased more than 75% since its peak in 1995. Therefore we cannot attempt to discredit the breakthroughs and innovations of modern medicine. Some of the biggest problems we can find in the way Medicine is practiced today are: 1. Modern Western Medicine is based on a narrow “scientific” model, and arrogantly ignores and rejects therapies and entire medical systems that don’t fit this model. 2. Doctors are trained in hospitals in “crisis care” medicine, not to take care of the “walking wounded...
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...and only theories to date, we can at least see ways to help ease the pain; therapies to help make the patients more active and have a better quality of life. Fibromyalgia: The Pathophysiology Much debate of Fibromyalgia has existed since the first diagnosis. Some people are lead to believe that it replaced Chronic Pain Syndrome and/or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Did it, we will examine that here. Depending on who you talk to Fibromyalgia exists, Endocrinology says no and Neurology says yes. Who’s right, which is what we will find out? What we do know; “Fibromyalgia is a chronic musculoskeletal syndrome characterized by widespread joint and muscle pain, fatigue, and tender points” (McCance RN & Huether RN, 2010, p. 1606). If that is Fibromyalgia does that not describe Chronic Pain Syndrome? Well yes and no, Chronic Pain Syndrome usually stays, is always with you all the time, whereas Fibromyalgia has exacerbations that come and go. Chronic pain Syndrome can also incorporate two different syndromes such as Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome together ("Pain," n.d.). While the exacerbations of Fibromyalgia seem to come and go, long term studies indicate that signs and symptoms stabilize within the first year and rarely change over time (Wierwille, 2010). Fibromyalgia (FM)...
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... Imaging Sequences of Crohn’s Disease Crohn’s disease, a form of Irritable Bowl Syndrome, is an ongoing symptomatic disease that has affected as many as 1.4 million people in the United States.7 Although it may occur at any age, the most common onset for IBS is between 15 to 30 years old.7 IBS can be broken down into two categories such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.7 Crohn’s disease is one of the most difficult diseases to diagnose and uses a lot of distinctive tests such as X-ray, CT, MRI, Ultrasonography, and Nuclear Imaging. We will be investigating the optimum imaging sequences to analyze the cause, diagnosis, and treatments of Crohn’s disease. Crohn’s disease can incorporate any location of the gastrointestinal tract, but it usually affects the area in-between the small and large bowels.7 Although the cause of Crohn’s disease is widely unknown, there are numerous implicating factors. Genetics is proposed as it “is found among first-degree relatives, suggesting a strong genetic component” .7 Other factors that play a part in contributing to the disease can be environmental, for example, smoking and your diet.7 Infectious and Immunologic factors are also considered, such as preexisting infections as a child or the infectious bacterium, Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP).3 The optimum imaging sequences to diagnose Crohn’s disease are plain radiography with barium studies, Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Ultrasonography, and...
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...Crohn’s Disease Crohn's disease is named after the physician who described the disease in a paper written in 1972. It is also called Morbus Crohn's, Granulomatous enteritis, Regional enteritis, or Terminal ileitis. The disease is usually chronic, with recurrent periods, and also periods of remission. The spread of Crohn s disease into the world is getting worse, and there is still no cure or prevention known to the disease. Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease ,IBD, the general name for diseases that cause inflammation in the intestines. Crohn's disease can be difficult to diagnose because its symptoms are similar to other intestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome and to another type of IBD called ulcerative colitis. Crohn's disease may also be called ileitis or enteritis. Ulcerative colitis causes inflammation and ulcers in the top layer of the lining of the large intestine. Crohn's disease affects men and women equally and seems to run in some families. About 20 percent of people with Crohn's disease have a blood relative with some form of IBD, most often a brother or sister and sometimes a parent or child. The most common complication is blockage of the intestine. Blockage occurs because the disease tends to thicken the intestinal wall with swelling and scar tissue, narrowing the passage. Crohn's disease may also cause sores, or ulcers, that tunnel through the affected area into surrounding tissues such as the bladder, vagina, or skin. The areas...
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...Crohn's disease is named after the physician who described the disease in a paper written in 1972. It is also called Morbus Crohn's, Granulomatous enteritis, Regional enteritis, or Terminal ileitis. The disease is usually chronic, with recurrent periods, and also periods of remission. The spread of Crohn s disease into the world is getting worse, and there is still no cure or prevention known to the disease. Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disease ,IBD, the general name for diseases that cause inflammation in the intestines. Crohn's disease can be difficult to diagnose because its symptoms are similar to other intestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome and to another type of IBD called ulcerative colitis. Crohn's disease may also be called ileitis or enteritis. Ulcerative colitis causes inflammation and ulcers in the top layer of the lining of the large intestine. Crohn's disease affects men and women equally and seems to run in some families. About 20 percent of people with Crohn's disease have a blood relative with some form of IBD, most often a brother or sister and sometimes a parent or child. The most common complication is blockage of the intestine. Blockage occurs because the disease tends to thicken the intestinal wall with swelling and scar tissue, narrowing the passage. Crohn's disease may also cause sores, or ulcers, that tunnel through the affected area into surrounding tissues such as the bladder, vagina, or skin. The areas around the...
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...in many medical circles as the “most basic form of stress”. (Hains 18) The symptoms of Acute Stress can be separated into four major categories. Emotional distress; some combination of anger or irritability, anxiety and depression, the three stress emotions. Muscular problems including “tension headache, back pain, jaw pain and the muscular tensions that lead to pulled muscles and tendon and ligament problems”. Stomach, gut and bowel problems such as “heartburn, acid stomach, flatulence, diarrhea, constipation and irritable bowel syndrome”. And finally, “Transient over arousal” leads to elevation in “blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, sweaty palms, heart palpitations, dizziness, migraine headaches, cold hands or feet, shortness of breath and chest pain.” (Hains 29) While this sounds like an abundance of issues, forms Acute Stress are in most cases highly manageable and can be treated without hassle. The second form of stress is Episodic Acute Stress. Or rather, those “who suffer acute stress frequently, whose lives are so disordered that they are studies in chaos and crisis”. (Greenberg 508) Those with Episodic Acute Stress are said to have an abundance of “nervous energy”. Another form of episodic acute stress comes from ceaseless worry. "Worry warts," as many call them, who see disaster around every corner and pessimistically forecast catastrophe in every situation. This in itself leads to the symptoms associated with this form of stress. These symptoms include: “persistent tension...
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...Week 5: iLab A. Where are they found or come from? B .What are they recommended for? C. What is the dose? D. Are there any warnings about this use of the substance? E. Include personal experience with any of these substances if you would like to disclose 1. Cascara Sagrada A. Cascara sagrada is the dried bark of the buckthorn Rhamnus purshiana tree. B. Relieving occasional constipation (irregularity). C. 300 mg capsule is taken in early evening D. Cascara sagrada should not be taken for more than 7 days, if pregnant or nursing, if you have intestinal bowel problems or blockages, such as inflammatory bowel disease, ulcers or diarrhea. Finally, children under 12 should not use the herb. E. No known personal experience. 2. Dong Quai A. Dong quai is a plant. People use the root to make medicine. B. Dong quai is used for menstrual cramps, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and menopausal symptoms. It is also used orally as a “blood purifier”; to manage hypertension, infertility, joint pain, ulcers, “tired blood” (anemia), and constipation; and in the prevention and treatment of allergic attacks. Dong quai is also used orally for the treatment of loss of skin color (depigmentation) and psoriasis. Some men apply dong quai to the skin of the penis as part of a multi-ingredient preparation for treating premature ejaculation. C. Applied to the glans penis 1 hour before sex and washed off immediately before sex. D. No known personal experience...
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...and the client work together as a team to identify and solve problems. Therapists help clients to overcome their difficulties by changing their thinking, behavior, and emotional responses. A System of Psychotherapy Cognitive therapy is a comprehensive system of psychotherapy, and treatment is based on an elaborated and empirically supported theory of psychopathology and personality. It has been found to be effective in more than 400 outcome studies for a myriad of psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and substance abuse, among others, and it is currently being tested for personality disorders. It has also been demonstrated to be effective as an adjunctive treatment to medication for serious mental disorders such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Cognitive therapy has been extended to and studied for adolescents and children, couples, and families. Its efficacy has also been established in the treatment of certain medical disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome, chronic fatigue syndrome, hypertension, fibromyalgia, post-myocardial infarction depression, noncardiac chest pain, cancer, diabetes, migraine, and other chronic pain disorders. In the mid-1960s, Dr. Aaron T. Beck developed cognitive therapy as a time-sensitive, structured therapy that uses an information-processing model to understand and treat psychopathological conditions. The theory is based, in part, on a phenomenological approach to psychology, as proposed by...
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...Case Studies for M2: Abir is a young Muslim woman who has recently come to live in Northern Ireland with her new husband. Even though she does not have to wear the traditional dress, Abir comes from a very strong cultural and religious family and she wishes to live her life according to the Koran by wearing the jilbab/abaya, which are the long, loosely-fitted garments worn by Muslim women to cover the shape of their bodies. They are often worn in combination with the hijab or niqab. Patrick is an elderly gentleman who is an insulin dependent Diabetic. Patrick has been living on his own since his wife died three years ago. However, he has become rather forgetful and has not been adhering to his diet or taking his medication regularly and ended up in hospital in a diabetic coma. His family is pleased because they have secured a place for him in a nearby nursing home. Jasmin is 17 years old and is currently studying for her A-levels. She is so busy with her course work, often working late into the night, that she is not eating regular meals, relying rather on a lot of snacks that she eats in her bedroom, not having time to enjoy meals with her family. Peter is 45 years old and works in the city in the Banking industry. He has been having a lot of discomfort recently and has been to his GP complaining of abdominal pain, bloating, bouts of diarrhoea and constipation. The GP referred Peter to a gastroenterologist, who has informed him that there is no apparent abnormality...
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...Microbe’s Effect on Humans Research at McMaster University has linked the bacteria found in a person’s gut to depression and anxiety (Gut). People that have irritable bowel syndrome or late onset autism had atypical gut bacteria. Stephen Collins, Associate Dean of Research and professor at Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, and Premysl Bercik, an assistant professor, conducted the research on healthy adult mice and mice that showed aggressive behavior at Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute (Gut). Healthy mice were given antibiotics which transformed the gut bacteria content. The mice were then linked to anxious behavior. However, when the mice were taken off the antibiotics, their bacterial content returned to normal, as did their behaviors (Gut). Collins and Bercik also found that when normal, healthy mice were colonized with aggressive and active behavior mice’s bacteria, the healthy mice...
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