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Introduction to Bone Health and Vitamins/Minerals

In: Science

Submitted By mhughes1972
Words 1700
Pages 7
Introduction to Bone Health and Vitamins/Minerals – Week 5: iLab
A. Where are they found or come from?
B .What are they recommended for?
C. What is the dose?
D. Are there any warnings about this use of the substance?
E. Include personal experience with any of these substances if you would like to disclose

1. Cascara Sagrada A. Cascara sagrada is the dried bark of the buckthorn Rhamnus purshiana tree. B. Relieving occasional constipation (irregularity). C. 300 mg capsule is taken in early evening D. Cascara sagrada should not be taken for more than 7 days, if pregnant or nursing, if you have intestinal bowel problems or blockages, such as inflammatory bowel disease, ulcers or diarrhea. Finally, children under 12 should not use the herb. E. No known personal experience.
2. Dong Quai A. Dong quai is a plant. People use the root to make medicine. B. Dong quai is used for menstrual cramps, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), and menopausal symptoms. It is also used orally as a “blood purifier”; to manage hypertension, infertility, joint pain, ulcers, “tired blood” (anemia), and constipation; and in the prevention and treatment of allergic attacks. Dong quai is also used orally for the treatment of loss of skin color (depigmentation) and psoriasis. Some men apply dong quai to the skin of the penis as part of a multi-ingredient preparation for treating premature ejaculation. C. Applied to the glans penis 1 hour before sex and washed off immediately before sex. D. No known personal experience.
3. Acai A. Acai, pronounced AH-sigh-EE, is a palm tree that is widely distributed in the northern area of South America. Its berries are used to make medicine. B. People use acai for osteoarthritis, high cholesterol, erectile dysfunction (ED), weight loss and obesity, “detoxification,” and for improving general health. C. The appropriate dose of acai depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. D. There is not enough information to know if acai is safe. If you are pregnant or breast-feeding, it’s best to stay on the safe side and avoid use.
4. Flax Seed A. Flaxseed is the seed from the plant Linum usitatissimum. The seed or the seed oil is used to make medicine. The information on this page concerns medicine made from the SEED only. B. Lowering hemoglobin A1C, Lowering cholesterol levels, improves kidney function in people with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) and Relieving mild menopausal symptoms. Plus many more. C. For type 2, diabetes: 600 mg of a specific flaxseed lignan extract (Flax Essence, Jarrow Formulas) three times daily, providing 320 mg lignans, for 12 weeks.
For high cholesterol: Baked goods such as muffins or bread containing flaxseed and ground flaxseed to provide a daily dose of 40-50 grams of flaxseed.
For improving kidney function in people with systemic lupus erythematous (SLE): 15 grams of ground flaxseed twice daily with cereal, or tomato or orange juice.
For improving mild menopausal symptoms: 40 grams of crushed flaxseed or flaxseed in bread daily. D. Flaxseed is LIKELY SAFE for most people. Adding flaxseed to the diet might increase the number of bowel movements each day.
5. Wheat Grass A. Wheatgrass is a kind of grass. The above-ground parts, roots, and rhizome are used to make medicine. B. Ulcerative colitis. There is some evidence that freshly extracted wheatgrass juice might reduce overall disease activity, and the severity of rectal bleeding in this condition.
Reducing cholesterol. Anemia. Diabetes, Cancer. High blood pressure. Preventing tooth decay. Wound healing, Preventing infections, Removing drugs, metals, toxins, and cancer-causing substances from the body and other conditions. C. The appropriate dose of wheatgrass depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. D. Wheatgrass is LIKELY SAFE when taken in food amounts and POSSIBLY SAFE for most adults when taken in medicinal amounts for up to one month.
6. Ginkgo Bilobo A. Ginkgo is an herb. The leaves are generally used to make “extracts” that are used as medicine, B. Alzheimer’s disease and other forms of dementia. Improving thinking problems caused by old age. C. For dementia syndromes: a dosage of 120-240 mg per day of ginkgo leaf extract, divided in two or three doses.
For cognitive function improvement in healthy young people: dosages of 120-600 mg per day.
For Raynaud’s disease: a dosage of 360 mg per day of ginkgo leaf extract, divided into three doses. D. Ginkgo LEAF EXTRACT is LIKELY SAFE when taken by mouth for most people. It can cause some minor side effects such as stomach upset, headache, dizziness, constipation, forceful heartbeat, and allergic skin reactions.

7. Green Tea A. Green tea is a product made from the Camellia Sinensis plant. B. Green tea is used to improve mental alertness and thinking. It is also used for weight loss and to treat stomach disorders, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, bone loss (osteoporosis), and solid tumor cancers. C. Doses of green tea vary significantly, but usually range between 1-10 cups daily. The commonly used dose of green tea is based on the amount typically consumed in Asian countries, which is about 3 cups per day. D. Green tea is LIKELY SAFE for most adults. Green tea extract is POSSIBLY SAFE for most people for short-term use. In some people, green tea can cause stomach upset and constipation. Green tea extracts have been reported to cause liver problems in rare cases. 8. Hawthorn Berries A. Hawthorn is a common thorny shrub in the rose family that grows up to 5 feet tall on hillsides and in sunny wooded areas throughout the world. B. Hawthorn Berries is used to promote the health of the circulatory system, treat angina, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia and has been found to strengthen the heart. C. Doses found to be safe were from 160 - 1,800 mg daily and from 3 - 24 weeks in length. D. Side effects of Hawthorn are rare, but may include headache, nausea, and palpitations (a feeling of a racing heart). A recent review of 29 clinical studies with more than 5,500 patients found that hawthorn was safe when used in recommended dosages.
9. Senna A. Senna is an herb. The leaves and the fruit of the plant are used to make medicine. B. Senna is an FDA-approved nonprescription laxative. It is used to treat constipation and also to clear the bowel before diagnostic tests such as colonoscopy.
Senna is also used for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), hemorrhoids, and weight loss. C. For constipation in adults and children age 12 and over: the usual dose is 17.2 mg daily. Don't take more than 34.4 mg per day. D. For most adults and children over age 2 when used short-term. Senna is an FDA-approved nonprescription medicine. Senna can cause some side effects including stomach discomfort, cramps, and diarrhea.
10. Rose Hips A. Rose hips are the round portion of the rose flower just below the petals. Rose hips contain the seeds of the rose plant. B. Rose hips are used for stomach disorders including stomach spasms, stomach acid deficiency, preventing stomach irritation and ulcers, and as a "stomach tonic" for intestinal diseases. They are also used for diarrhea, constipation, gallstones, gallbladder ailments, lower urinary tract and kidney disorders, fluid retention (dropsy or edema), gout, back and leg pain (sciatica), diabetes, high cholesterol, weight loss, high blood pressure, chest ailments, fever, increasing immune function during exhaustion, increasing blood flow in the limbs, increasing urine flow and quenching thirst. C. The appropriate dose of rose hip depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. D. Rose hip can cause some side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, heartburn, stomach cramps, fatigue, headache, inability to sleep, and others. Inhaling rose hip dust can cause an allergic reaction in some people.
11. Valerian Root A. Valerian is a hardy perennial flowering plant with sweet-smelling pink or white flowers. Valerian is native to Europe, South Africa, and parts of Asia. B. It has been recommended for epilepsy but that has not been supported by modern research. Currently, the herb is mainly used as a remedy for insomnia. C. Dosage for insomnia ranges from 300 to 600 mg of liquid root extract, or the equivalent of 2 to 3 g of dried valerian root. D. Some people, however, experience adverse reactions to valerian. Rather than feeling the calming or sleep-inducing effects, they suddenly feel nervous, anxious and restless after taking the herb and may experience heart palpitations.
12. Uva Ursi A. Uva ursi is a plant. Found from Himalayas to North America. B. Uva ursi is used primarily for urinary tract disorders, including infections of the kidney, bladder, and urethra; swelling (inflammation) of the urinary tract; increased urination; painful urination; and urine that contains excess uric acid or other acids. Uva ursi is also used for constipation and a lung condition called bronchitis. C. The appropriate dose of uva ursi depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. D. It can cause nausea, vomiting, stomach discomfort, and a greenish-brown discoloration of the urine.
However, high doses or long-term use can cause liver damage, eye problems, breathing problems, convulsions, and death.
13. Echinacea A. Echinacea is an herb. Several species of the Echinacea plant are used to make medicine from its leaves, flower, and root. Echinacea species are native to North America. B. Echinacea is widely used to fight infections, especially the common cold and other upper respiratory infections. Echinacea is also used against many other infections including the flu, urinary tract infections, vaginal yeast infections, genital herpes, bloodstream infections (septicemia), gum disease, tonsillitis, streptococcus infections, syphilis, typhoid, malaria, and diphtheria. C. A tablet containing 6.78 mg of Echinacea purpurea crude extract based on 95% herb and 5% root (Echinaforce, Bioforce AG): two tablets given 3 times daily. D. Some side effects have been reported such as fever, nausea, vomiting, unpleasant taste, stomach pain, diarrhea, sore throat, dry mouth, headache, numbness of the tongue, dizziness, insomnia, disorientation, and joint and muscle aches.

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