...all children under 18 years of age are required to be indoors. No exceptions. You are over a mile away from your house, without a written note from your parents. If a police officer detects you out on the streets, you can be fined and taken to the police station. No exceptions. Curfew has been an issue in a mass of cities throughout the United States, which leads people to wonder: Are curfew laws that target teens unfair? A bunch of cities need it to prevent juvenile crime and to enhance safety. This has become a problem as a result of some people thinking that cities...
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...TACLOBAN CITY AN ASSESSMENT OF A PROPOSED CURFEW ORDINANCE FOR JUVENILE DELINQUENTS IN TACLOBAN CITY : SOME PROPOSALS A Research Proposal Presented To The Faculty Of The College Of Criminology,Leyte Colleges,Tacloban City In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements In Crim 6 (Criminal Research And Statistics) For The Degree Of Bachelor Of Science In Criminology SUBMITTED TO SHEILA F.BASILIO Instructor SUBMITTED BY JOSE JOEY V. IGANA IV MARILOU AGNES V. VENIGAS OCTOBER ,2012 APPENDIX A SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE Direction: Respondents are advise to answer all questions honestly and sincerely. Only one answer is needed for every question. Put a check mark on the line for your chosen answer. 1. Demographic Profile 2.1 Age ____ 20 – 30 years old ____ 31 – 40 years old ____ 41 years old and above 2.2 Sex ____ Male ____ Female 2.3 Civil Status ____ Single ____ Married ____ Widow ____Separated ____ Divorce 2.4 Highest Educational Attainment ____ High School Graduate ____ College Level ____ with Masteral on Doctoral Degree 2. How effective will the implementation of curfew hours in Tacloban City? ____ Very Effective ____ Effective ____ Moderately Effective ____ Less Effective ____ Uneffective 3. What are the roles of the Barangay Officials in the implementation of curfew hours in Tacloban City? ____ conduct...
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...History of Juvenile Justice System Roger King University of Mount Olive Juvenile Justice Systems and Processes CJC 310 Timothy Malfitano February 7, 2015 Abstract This paper will discuss the history of the juvenile justice system. I started this paper by looking at the history of the juvenile justice system, which showed how laws and legal measures involving juvenile offenders have an extensive history. There were no isolated courts or laws, and no services for juveniles, up till the 19th century, children who committed serious offenses were punished and restrained in prison the same way as adults. The changes in legislation rose the age at which individuals officially became adults. This change helped many juveniles escape the cruel treatment in the adult prisons. These changes were based on new understanding of the relationship between physical, mental maturity and acknowledgment. The American juvenile justice system has evolved over the past century with variation that embellished from the adult criminal justice process. The first juvenile's court was acknowledged in 1899, in Chicago, Illinois, and by1945, all states had juvenile courts. The juvenile crime rates particularly homicide rose during the 1980s and 1990s. Therefor the system faces a vast of questions about whether young offenders should be tried and sentenced in a different way than adult offenders (Lawrence & Hemmens, 2008, Chapter 1). The juvenile courts wanted to turn young felons into...
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...Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Crime Ericka Davis CJA/204 July 3, 2013 Monte Morast Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Crime Delinquency is behavior by a minor that is antisocial or in violation of the law. Status offenses are activities that are deemed offenses when committed by juveniles, because of their age at the time of the activity. Some offense would include not attending school, breaking curfew laws, running away from home, and possession and consumption of alcohol. The comparison of juvenile courts and adult courts are: The juvenile courts are adjudicated in a civil proceeding, juveniles will have no criminal record, and have the ability to get record expunged and sealed once juvenile reach adult hood. In the adult court adults are charged in a criminal proceeding and upon a finding of guilt carry a criminal record for the remainder of one’s adult life (University of Phoenix 2010). One difference is juvenile courts are conducted in an informal manner, focus more on Paren’s Patria versus Due Process, court records-recordings of proceedings is the decision of the juvenile judge and the preponderance of the evidence used in most circumstance other than determine delinquency, where beyond a reasonable doubt is implemented. Now adult courts proceedings are very formal, are courts of record, and the standard of proof required to determine a guilty verdict is beyond a reasonable doubt. Only 39 states have no guaranteeing juveniles the Right to a trial by jury...
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...By Which Offending By Children And Young People May Be Prevented. Explain Any Conflicts You Feel May Exist With The Principles Of Human Rights And Natural Justice. The aim of the question stated is to discuss how the New Labour Government has responded in terms of preventing children and young people from engaging in criminal behaviour and entering the youth justice system. In order to answer this statement the essay shall explore the various legislations implemented in an attempt to prevent youth criminality, discussing any conflicts that exist with the principles of Human Rights and Natural Justice. In Britain there are two types of Law, firstly Statutory Law, which are Acts of Law passed by the Parliament. Whereby the Parliament must check its consistency with the 1998 Human Rights Act (the HRA). The HRA ‘introduced European Convention on Human Rights into English Law’ (Crawford & Newburn; 2003: p16). The UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice include: ‘The best interests of the child are paramount; judicial proceedings should be avoided where possible; any intervention should be kept minimum; police, prosecution or other agencies should be able to dispose of cases at their discretion; criminalizing and penalising young people should be avoided unless there is serious damage or harm to others; legal assistance should be prompt and free of charge’ (Crawford & Newburn; 2003: p16). The second type is Common Law; this is whereby nothing...
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...their child breaks the law. Do you agree? yes .. for example when a young person drinks to excessive and goes to the hospital .. the parents should pay. make a list of possible problems with children ... consider an age range, ... parental guidance and the limits ... and the consequences Abstract A “get tough” on juvenile crime perspective seems to dominate public opinion as school shooting incidents continue to occur across the nation and the media reports young children committing violent crimes. After virtually every incident, questions emerge about the juvenile's parents and what role they played (or should have played) in their child's life. Parental responsibility laws, varying greatly within and among the states, have appeared as one answer to these questions. Although these laws would seem to garner great public support under the new punitive attitude toward juveniles, no recent empirical studies have been conducted to determine if the public believes that parents should be held responsible and punished for their children's crimes. This dissertation organizes the different forms of parental responsibility laws into three separate categories. The first category is the civil liability imposed on parents when their children damage someone's property or inflict personal injury. The second category is the “contributing to the delinquency of a minor” statutes that apply to parents or other adults who encourage a juvenile in some way to break the law. The third category is...
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...Delinquency and Juvenile Crime Article Nov 3, 2014 CJA/204 Juvenile Delinquency and Juvenile Crime INTRODUCTION At a young age kids start to determine their fate. In this world children play a game of follow the leader or monkey see monkey do. Children either want to grow up to be someone important or someone who’s not so important. They go to school or drop out depending on different situations. Juvenile delinquency affects communities, schools, and homes. This article will give the reader an understanding of children who choose to follow the wrong crowd and become one of the statistics of the juvenile courts system. DELIQUENCY AND STATUS OFFENCE DEFINITION Juvenile delinquency can become complicated because of age limitations and the laws that the justice system has to deal with for children of such a young age. Delinquency is a behavior of a delinquent child, a child who has violated the law ("Juveniles And Age Status Offenses", n.d). If committed by an adult age they would then be called criminal. Children who have not been disciplined well they are beyond parental control. Children display these actions towards adults, teachers, and anyone with authority. Some children decide to act out because of neglect. Neglect is when a child is not being taken care of properly by parents or guardians. Status offences involve the conduct that would not be a crime if committed by an adult. Actions committed are considered to be a violation of the law because of the...
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...Morales 10/01/13 Criminal Law Foundations Evaluation the Juvenile Justice System Juvenile justice is the section of law that applies to persons under the age of 18 not capable of receiving sentencing in the adult court system or old enough to be responsible for criminal acts committed in society. In most states the age of criminal culpability is 18 however, the age requirement can be set lower in accordance to certain crimes and statutes set by the state the juvenile lives in. Juvenile law is primarily run by state law and most states enforce a specific juvenile code the system follows. The juvenile justice system primarily focuses on rehabilitation rather than punishment for youthful offenders. Society appears to concentrate that children are more capable of change than adult offenders more capable of knowing right from wrong ("Cornell University Law School," nod.). The statutes creating the juvenile court systems and methods of allocating with juvenile delinquency are run by courts as a suitable extension of state police power to warrant the safety and welfare of children in the system. The doctrine of parent’s patria allows the state to promulgate for the safeguard, care, custody, and upkeep of children within its jurisdiction. In 1968 the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention and Control Act was put into effect, and in 1972 it was put into revision as the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Act. This act set forth to assist states in dealing with juvenile delinquent acts and assist...
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...Students Hanging Around Before and After School Shanel J. Paschal Monroe College The Police & the Community Students Hanging around the Neighborhood The purpose of the Community Board is to ensure the city services are accessible to residents, organizations and businesses of the Bronx. Hosting theses regular meetings which are open to the public allow us to acknowledge local concerns. As Commanding Officer Of the 46th Precinct, I’m here to address any quality of life issues in our community. One topic that has frequently come up in recent meetings, that needs to be addressed is students hanging around local businesses and residents before as well as after school. I will discuss possible solutions which will involve parents, residents and local business owners. This way we can resolve the issues that are becoming a problem for our community together. Problem oriented policing (POP); is an initiated introduced by Goldstein. A problem oriented approach does offer assistance to improve police performance. As Goldstein states- "Many of the problems coming to the attention of the Police become their responsibility because no other means has been found to solve them. It follows that expecting the Police to solve or eliminate them is expecting too much."(Goldstein, 1979) Goldstein has made a valuable point to an extent. Whereas the police encounter numerous problems daily and experience many limitations, there are issues that we can exercise great control. There are...
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...justice process because the system of prisons was based on the English ideas for punishing prisoners. It is extremely important that people understand the history of corrections as a whole in order to grasp the concept of the jail and prison system. This paper will conclude with an outline of what I might do if I were in charge of recommending a correction plan for my community. I think it is important, also, to realize that if it were not for the new prison systems, then we, as a nation, would not have grown as much as we have and the nation in its entirety, would essentially fail. Corrections is a wonderful system that only helps the world, in most cases. “Community corrections are sanctions imposed on convicted adults or adjudicated juveniles that occur in a residential or community setting outside of jail or prison (NIJ, 2014).” Community corrections is a community based program setup for nonviolent offenders. These programs are not the same as probation. However, those who receive this sentencing may also serve time on probation. Community correction and probation have the same concepts, which is a court ordered suspension in lieu of a prison sentence. The difference is that the individual will spend no jail time and will be placed on community based supervision. These individuals who are on community correction may have to undergo extensive and intensive treatment and supervision. For example, Kirkholt (England) Burglary Prevention Project, which is functional family therapy...
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...This issue paper will cover the subject of “Trying Juveniles as Adults”. This has brought up a very controversial topic that people seem to be very passionate about. The rate of minors committing horrendous crimes has been on a steady rise for the past couple of decades (DOJ National Report Series Bulletin, 2011). There are many differences between the court system for Juveniles and the justice system for adults. In Juvenile courts there are no juries and no trails by jury either. In adult courts the sentencing is much harsher and the chance of getting off the hook with some counseling is very slim. If a juvenile is defined as a person under the age of 18, how can you justify trying them in a court designed for adult offenders? Some juvenile cases get transferred to adult criminal court through a process called a “waiver”—when a judge waives the protections that juvenile court provides (www.ojjdp.gov). Usually, juvenile cases that are subject to waiver involve more serious crimes, or minors who have been in trouble before (nolo.com/juveniles youth adult criminal court). Being tried as an adult gives a juvenile more constitutional protections, but it also has disadvantages such as losing the juvenile protections as well. Depending on the crime of the minor, both court systems can punish the individual, but which court can give the appropriate punishment or the “crime”, not the age of the person committing the crime? The big question now is should we the courts show more...
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...|Adolescence and Delinquency | |I couldn't begin to cover all the possible reasons that may cause an | |adolescent to become a "juvenile delinquent." During my research, I found | |that the term juvenile delinquency is defined a number of ways. Mosby's | |Medical Nursing, and Allied Health Dictionary summed up juvenile delinquency | |best with this definition; "resistant antisocial, illegal, or criminal | |behavior by children or adolescents to the degree that it cannot be | |controlled or corrected by the parents, endangers others in the community, | |and becomes the concern of a law enforcement agency"(1994). | |I found that most theories about what causes delinquency in children and | |adolescents originate with families and parenting. Many statistics and | |studies have been conducted comparing the number of youths that had chosen a | |delinquent life style, with single parent households, or parents who were...
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...Juvenile and Adult Courts: A Comparative Analysis Introduction Juvenile and adult courts have different language barriers that separate the two. Juvenile courts tend to use words such as detention hearing, petition, and adjudication to make things seem less harsh. Adult courts use words such as bail hearing, complaint or indictment, and the verdict. Adult courts deal with a stricter sentencing than juvenile courts do. Juvenile courts take the approach of a more controlled approach. Adults are taught to live a healthy and productive life, unlike minors. Juveniles have been reinstated so that they can be released back into society with a fresh start. The languages for juvenile courts are different than that of adult courts. Here are the different languages that separate juvenile courts from adult courts: Adult Courts • Bail Hearing • Trial • Complaint or Indictment • Defendant • Verdict • Guilty Juvenile Courts • Detention hearing • Fact-Finding Hearing • Petition • Respondent • Adjudication • Delinquent or Involved In juvenile courts they don't get a jury; instead the judge is the only person who determines if a minor has broken the law and what his or her punishment will be. The courtroom is closed to the media as well as to the general public. Juveniles are more prone to probation for longer times than adults. (#2)A juvenile's conditions of them being on probation tend to be obnoxious, including having a curfew, getting adequate grades...
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... In our Juvenile Justice System. By Tina Grinnell Juvenile Justice July 20,2013 While prisons can be an eye opener for someone who has committed a serious crime,is it our responsibility to help our juveniles to be reformed or should they pay for their crimes in adult prisons. Putting our juveniles in adult prisons says that we believe they can’t be helped. In most cases are our juveniles really aware of their actions and the consequence that they have. Should they be sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole.Should the age of a juvenile differ from state to state on the way that they are punished. These are a couple of the issues that surround our juvenile system today. I will be looking at both sides to get a better understanding of why the laws today are the way that they are and could they be changed to help our younger generation. Juvenile delinquent’s have been around for decades and the way that our justice system has tried and helped our juveniles get on the right path and stay there has changed dramatically since the early nineteenth century ,Juvenile matters were handled by a variety of civil courts and non- legal institutions such as Welfare offices. The doctrine was referred to as the parens patriae. Which means parent of the country (Black,1990). This term was part of the English common law where the...
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...Future of the Juvenile Justice System Lashanna Banks-Augustus Bryan Knight Samantha Mathis Barbara Minish Jenny Sutton CJA 374 July 2, 2012 Mecca Brown The Future of the Juvenile Justice System In 1899 the first separate Juvenile Court system opened in the United Sates. The Juvenile Justice system design was to separate juvenile delinquents from adult criminals. Documentation proves that juveniles do not have the maturity level or the responsibility level of an adult to receive the same punishment as adults should. Juvenile Justice System main focus is rehabilitation as a replacement for punishment in which the adult court system focuses on punishment. The juvenile system methods are based on causation theories throughout history. However, with new trends comes new theories and with new theories comes a new wave of both rehabilitation techniques and designing those techniques to fit each juvenile personal needs; proving that change is in need throughout the different areas of the juvenile justice system. Community Community helps juveniles in different ways. Juvenile law will place them accountable for their actions. The community can help to hold the youths accountable for each of their delinquent actions. The community could help intervene by providing an effective intervention for the offender and to have the child protection protect the neglect or abused juveniles (The future of children). Each community should help develop different programs that will help...
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