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Koli

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INSTRUMENTOS DERIVADOS

AUTORES:

NÚÑEZ, ANDY
MONTES, JAIR
RAU, SOFÍA

13/05/2014

CASO CALIFICADO N° 1

Indicaciones: * Entrega el martes 13 de mayo (por escrito) * Grupos de máximo 4 personas * El caso se resolverá en conjunto en la fecha indicada. No se recibirán trabajos iniciada la sesión.

Preguntas: 1. ¿Debería Disney coberturar sus flujos en yenes provenientes del royalty? ¿Por qué si o por qué no? Si decide realizar la cobertura cuál debería ser el plazo y el monto? 2. Asumiendo que la cobertura es deseable, qué técnicas o instrumentos de cobertura están disponibles para el tesorero y cuáles son las ventajas y desventajas de cada alternativa. 3. Puede un swap crear valor para las contrapartes, demuéstrelo.

Solución: 1. Disney sí debería coberturar sus flujos en yenes que recibe como ingresos por los royalties de Tokyo Disneyland debido a las expectativas de depreciación de dicha moneda. Estos royalties son importantes debido a que aumentaron de manera significativa en el último año y Andersen prevé que ese crecimiento continuará en los años siguientes. Asimismo, la integración de los mercados internacionales le permite realizar diversos instrumentos financieros para protegerse de algún efecto adverso.

Plazo: 10 años

Monto: 15,000 millones de yenes

No obstante, se debe considerar que actualmente la empresa tiene un préstamo en yenes a una tasa de 8.6% con vencimiento 1-2-1993.

2. Las posibilidades de cobertura no disponibles para la empresa son: * Opciones sobre divisas, futuros y “forwards” * Cambio de la deuda existente en dólares por una deuda en yenes (swap)

Al mismo tiempo, dichas alternativas no son atractivas por los siguientes motivos:
Solo existía liquidez para opciones de divisas y contratos de futuros para plazos de dos años o menores.
Adicionalmente, el problema de liquidez en los “forward” fue superado por Disney. Esto le permitió conseguir una indicación de los precios “forward” a largo plazo. Sin embargo, dicho forward anulaba la posibilidad de otras líneas de crédito, ya que era considerado como parte del riesgo que la empresa tiene con el banco.

Por otro lado, los instrumentos de cobertura que están disponibles en el mercado son:

Swap que convierte gran parte de su deuda en dólares a yenes..
La principal ventaja de esta estrategia es la empresa cuenta con experiencia en este tipo de operaciones. Específicamente, Disney tiene swapeados 50 de sus 75 USD Mn de deuda que vence en 1989, por una deuda en yenes a 7.4%. Paralelamente, las desventajas que se presentan son, en primer lugar, que este instrumento no podría ser de largo plazo ya que las emisiones en eurodolares de la empresa vencen dentro de 1 a 4 años; en segundo lugar, esta operación no aporta liquidez adicional a Disney y en tercer lugar, los tipos de interés en yenes para plazos menores a 4 años no eran buenos.

Otra alternativa disponible era tomar un préstamo de 15,000 millones de yenes, a 10 años, con un interés del 7.5% con pagos semestrales y un comisión de apertura (front end) del 0.75%. La desventaja de tomar el préstamo es que tiene una tasa alta en comparación a la tasa del swap ofrecido por Goldman Sach. La ventaja es que es una operación simple que tiene las características buscadas por Anderson.

Finalmente, Disney cuenta con una alternativa planteada por Goldman Sach según la cual podría emitir eurobonos en ecus a 10 años y permutarlos (swap) por una deuda en yenes con un coste total atractivo. Específicamente, sería una emisión de eurobonos de 80 millones de ecus a 10 años de plazo, con un precio de emisión del 100.25%, un interés del 9.125% y una comisión de suscripción del 2%. El intermediario de la operación sería Industrial Bank of Japan (IBJ) y la contraparte, una empresa pública francesa. La principal preocupación que acarrea esta alternativa es que Disney sería la primera empresa que realiza una emisión en ecus que incorpora un plan de amortización anticipada del principal. Esto implica que habrá incertidumbre acerca de la recepción que un instrumento de este tipo tendría en el mercado.

No obstante, una ventaja que presenta la opción planteada por Goldman Sach es que emplea el mercado de capitales para evitar el riesgo cambiario. Asimismo, debemos considerar que la solidez de la contraparte y el intermediario generan garantía en la operación.

3. Valor

Para analizar el valor que puede originar el swap se tienen que evaluar las características más importantes. Primero, frente a la opción del préstamo se puede observar que la tasa de interés de 7.5% en yenes es mayor a la tasa implícita del SWAP de 6.56% en yenes (calculada de los flujos presentados en el anexo 7 del documento). Lo cual indica que al hacer el swap tiene un ahorro de 0.94% con respecto a tomar un préstamo directo en yenes.

Esta ventaja del swap también se puede apreciar analizando el TIR del préstamo y del swap: por un lado la TIR del swap es de 7.75% y, por otro lado, la del SWAP es de 7.01%. Así se puede ver que la menor TIR del swap se traduce en que esta opción es la de menor costo para Disney.

Por otro lado, analizando el lado de la empresa francesa podemos aprecias que el costo de su deuda es de 9.37% (se puede ver en el anexo 8) correspondiente a la emisión de uno de sus bonos en ecus. Mientras que el costo de la deuda en ecus con la emisión con Disney es de 9.14%. Con lo cual se observa que la empresa francesa también tiene un ahorro por realizar el swap.

Anexo 1:

Tabla N°1: flujo de préstamo en yenes – Disney

Préstamo | Nominal | ¥ 15,000,000.00 | Tasa de interés | 7.50% | Comisión | 0.75% | Neto | ¥ 14,887,500.00 | Año | Flujo | 0 | ¥ 14,887,500.00 | 0.5 | -¥ 562,500.00 | 1 | -¥ 562,500.00 | 1.5 | -¥ 562,500.00 | 2 | -¥ 562,500.00 | 2.5 | -¥ 562,500.00 | 3 | -¥ 562,500.00 | 3.5 | -¥ 562,500.00 | 4 | -¥ 562,500.00 | 4.5 | -¥ 562,500.00 | 5 | -¥ 562,500.00 | 5.5 | -¥ 562,500.00 | 6 | -¥ 562,500.00 | 6.5 | -¥ 562,500.00 | 7 | -¥ 562,500.00 | 7.5 | -¥ 562,500.00 | 8 | -¥ 562,500.00 | 8.5 | -¥ 562,500.00 | 9 | -¥ 562,500.00 | 9.5 | -¥ 562,500.00 | 10 | -¥ 15,562,500.00 | TIR Semestral | 3.80% | TIR anual | 7.75% |

Tabla N°2: Flujo de Pago por la emsión en yenes - Disney

Emisión del bono | Par | 80,000,000 | Precio | 100.25% | Interés en ecus | 9.13% | Comisiones | 2.00% | Gastos | 75,000 | Dólar/Ecu | 0.742 | Año | Flujo | 0 | 14,445,153.00 | 0.5 | -483,226.00 | 1 | -483,226.00 | 1.5 | -483,226.00 | 2 | -483,226.00 | 2.5 | -483,226.00 | 3 | -483,226.00 | 3.5 | -483,226.00 | 4 | -483,226.00 | 4.5 | -483,226.00 | 5 | -1,808,140.00 | 5.5 | -1,764,650.00 | 6 | -1,721,160.00 | 6.5 | -1,677,670.00 | 7 | -1,634,180.00 | 7.5 | -1,590,690.00 | 8 | -1,547,200.00 | 8.5 | -1,503,710.00 | 9 | -1,460,220.00 | 9.5 | -1,416,730.00 | 10 | -1,520,450.00 | TIR Semestral | 3.45% | TIR anual | 7.01% |

Interés en yenes | 6.56% | Interés en ecus | 9.13% |

Tabla N°3: Flujo de emisión – Empresa francesa Empresa Francesa Ecus | Año | Flujo | 0 | 80,000.00 | 0.5 | | 1 | -7,350.00 | 1.5 | | 2 | -7,350.00 | 2.5 | | 3 | -7,350.00 | 3.5 | | 4 | -7,350.00 | 4.5 | | 5 | -7,350.00 | 5.5 | | 6 | -23,350.00 | 6.5 | | 7 | -21,880.00 | 7.5 | | 8 | -20,410.00 | 8.5 | | 9 | -18,490.00 | 9.5 | | 10 | -17,470.00 | | | TIR anual | 9.14% |

--------------------------------------------
[ 1 ]. Ver anexo 1. Tablas 1 y 2.

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