...this in mind, I agree more with the definition stated in this article, because it includes different aspects all in one. Aside from the definition, a great number of papers have been written so far, regarding Innovation. Taking into account this previous research, we can say that there are different dimensions of innovation. However few papers discuss different dimensions across different areas at once, this article provides us with various dimensions of organizational innovation. As written in this paper, we can make several divisions when it comes to innovation. First of all there are two dimensions, namely; innovation as a process and innovation as an outcome. These two can be further divided. We have to remember that innovation as a process explains the why question and innovation as an outcome the what question. The latter is the most important dimension, due to its necessity and sufficiency. Furthermore can we divide three determinants of organizational innovation, namely; innovation leadership, managerial levers and business process. Innovation Leadership can occur on individual or group level. Leaders should possess different skills that enable innovation. Managerial levers connects leadership intentions with organizational results and can be divided into five different parts, namely; mission – goals – strategies, structures...
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...Rating forms are composed of a number of scales, each relating to a certain job or performance-related dimension, such as job knowledge, responsibility, or quality of work. Each scale is a continuum of scale points, or anchors, which range from high to low, from good to poor, from most to least effective, and so forth. Scales typically have from five to seven points, though they can have more or less. Graphic rating scales may or may not define their scale points. How is it used? ← It is used to indicate on a scale the degree to which an employee demonstrates a particular trait, behavior, or performance result. Acceptable rating scales should have the following characteristics: 1. Performance dimensions should be clearly defined. 2. Scales should be behaviorally based so that a rater is able to support all ratings with objective, observable evidence. 3. Abstract trait names such as "loyalty," "honesty," and "integrity" should be avoided unless they can be defined in terms of observable behaviors. 4. Points, or anchors, on each scaled dimension should be brief, unambiguous, and relevant to the dimension being rated. For example, in rating a person's flow of words, it is preferable to use anchors such as "fluent," "easy," "unimpeded," "hesitant," and "labored," rather than "excellent," "very good," "average," "below average," and "poor." Performance Dimensions...
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...Introduction On April 19, 2008, Walter A. Walsh, Supply Management Manager for Heartland & Company, met with one of his buyers, Olivia Newcomb, in his office. They discussed her Heartland & Company cost reduction goals for bearing #B02326620. After the meeting Mr. Walsh began wondering if changes should be made to the way suppliers were being evaluated, if price premiums should be paid to suppliers for performing at a higher level and how business should be allocated among suppliers performing at different levels. These were issues needing further consideration. Founded in 1875, Heartland & Company is one of the U.S.’s oldest industrial organizations. It manufactures agricultural and construction equipment as well as commercial and consumer lawn care equipment. Today, Heartland & Company does business in over 100 countries and had sales in excess of U.S. $12 billion in 2007. Bearings2 Bearings are devices that allow constrained relative rotation or linear movement between two parts. The purpose of bearings is to allow motion with a minimum of friction. Friction creates heat and wear of adjoining parts. Bearings are commonly found in furniture drawers, all types of engines and at the intersection of moving mechanical parts. An example of primitive bearings is the use of tree trunks laid down under heavy stones in prehistoric times. Two common types of bearing include roller (cylindrical roller) bearings and ball (spherical roller) bearings. Bearings can range...
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...Globalization Note Series Pankaj Ghemawat and Sebastian Reiche National Cultural Differences and Multinational Business The eminent Dutch psychologist, management researcher, and culture expert Geert Hofstede, early in his career, interviewed unsuccessfully for an engineering job with an American company. Later, he wrote of typical cross-cultural misunderstandings that crop up when American managers interview Dutch recruits and vice versa: “American applicants, to Dutch eyes, oversell themselves. Their CVs are worded in superlatives…during the interview they try to behave assertively, promising things they are very unlikely to realize…Dutch applicants in American eyes undersell themselves. They write modest and usually short CVs, counting on the interviewer to find out by asking how good they really are…they are very careful not to be seen as braggarts and not to make promises they are not absolutely sure they can fulfill. American interviewers know how to interpret American CVs and interviews and they tend to discount the information provided. Dutch interviewers, accustomed to Dutch applicants, tend to upgrade the information. To an uninitiated American interviewer an uninitiated Dutch applicant comes across as a sucker. To an uninitiated Dutch interviewer an uninitiated American applicant comes across as a braggart.”1 Cultural differences, while difficult to observe and measure, are obviously very important. Failure to appreciate and account for them can lead to embarrassing...
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...semester 2016, 11.06.2016 Table of Contents – Cultural Dimensions according to Hofstede 1. The psychologist Hofstede a) Geert Hofstede b) Gert-Jan Hofstede 2. The cultural dimensions a) Social Orientation - Individualism-Collectivism-Index (IDV) b) Power Orientation – Power-Distance-Index (PDI) c) Uncertainty Orientation – Uncertainty-Avoidance-Index (UAI) d) Goal Orientation – Masculinity-Femininity-Index (MAS) e) Time Orientation – Long-Time vs. Short-Time-Orientation-Index (LTO) 3. Examples – Germany, United States, Venezuela 4. Problems and Discrepancies 5. Conclusion 6. Bibliography 1 Cultural dimensions according to Geert Hofstede Classifying and comparing cultures is strongly connected with the name Geert Hofstede. The Dutch social psychologist, as he calls himself, was born in 1928 in Haarlem(Netherlands) as Gerard Hendrik Hofstede. He went to schools until 1945, that was when he completed the Diploma Gymnasium Beta. From 17 on until he was 25 years old, he studied Mechanical Engineering and ended it in 1953 with a Master’s Degree. After two years of military service he started working in managerial jobs until 1965. He completed his Ph.D. in Social Sciences in part time studies. Already during that time, from 1965 until 1971 he founded and managed the Personnel Research Department of IBM. In this time, he developed the theory of the Cultural Dimensions that are presented in this paper. He worked with 117.000 empleyees...
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...The article attempts to explore the work values in the hospitality context and analyze them further through the lens of generational differences on a multi dimensional level. What makes this research unique is the scope, which covers all 3 aspects: multiple dimensions of work values, importance of these work values to people across 3 generations and a focus on Hospitality industry. The author’s approach is to find and shortlist research done on identification of work values, dimensions or factors under which they exist and the importance given to them based on the age of individuals (generation aspect). Post selection of a suitable research covering these criteria, the author attempts to apply these on a sample size from the Hospitality Industry to understand and report the relevance and findings. The sole reason of attempting this study is to analytically approach the challenges faced by human resources in managing a work force that is diverse and consists of different social & demographic profiles. The author believes that understanding of this would lead to better recruitment and retention strategies of managerial workforce in the hospitality industry. Short listing of available research: a) Research on Work Values: Many studies have been conducted on identifying work values in an institution, (Elizur, 1984; Hofstede, 1980; Mok et al., 1998; Pryor, 1987; Rokeach, 1973; Sagie et al., 1996; Super, 1970, 1973; White, 2005; Zytowski, 1970, 1994). Of these, the author chose...
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...four components of transactional leadership: Contingent reward, Active management by exception, Passive management by exception and Laissez-Faire leadership (1997). Transformational leadership focuses mainly on inspiring and stimulating the followers. Transformational leadership contains also four components: Idealized influence (Charisma), Inspirational motivation, Intellectual stimulation and Individualized consideration. The second part focuses on different studies on national culture: Hofstede (1983), Schwartz (1990) and Inglehart (1997). Each study has different values and dimensions, both all three studies show some similarities. The first similar dimension contains: Hofstede’s Power distance, Schwartz’ Hierarchy versus Egalitarianism and Inglehart’s Survival and measures the degree to which the people in a national culture accept and expect the unequal distribution of power. The second similar dimension contains: Hofstede’s Individualism, Schwartz’ Autonomy versus Embeddedness and Inglehart’s Self-Expression and measures the degree to which an individual is integrated into groups. The third part of this thesis focuses on the connection between leadership and national culture. The GLOBE project stated that cultural values affect leaders and their behavior and leaders are most likely to...
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...by Clayton M. Christensen, Matt Marx, and Howard H. Stevenson Managers can use a variety of carrots and sticks to encourage people to work together and accomplish change. Their ability to get results depends on selecting tools that match the circumstances they face. T JIM FRAZIER the primary task of management is to get people to work together in a systematic way. Like orchestra conductors, managers direct the talents and actions of various players to produce a desired result. It’s a complicated job, and it becomes much more so when managers are trying to get people to change, rather than continue with the status quo. Even the best CEOs can stumble in their attempts to encourage people to work together toward a new corporate goal. In 1999, for example, Procter & Gamble’s Durk Jager, a highly regarded insider who had recently been promoted to CEO, announced Organization 2005, a restructuring 73 october 2006 T h e To o l s o f Co o p e rat i o n a n d C h a n g e Extent to which people agree on what they want program that promised to change P&G’s culture. However, not everyone at P&G agreed that such sweeping change was necessary or that the way to achieve it was to reduce investments in the company’s core brands in order to fund radical, new products. The organization rebelled, and Jager was forced to resign only 17 months after taking the helm. The root cause of Jager’s very public failure was that he didn’t induce P&G employees to cooperate–a requirement...
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...European Journal of Marketing Service behaviors that lead to satisfied customers Kathryn Frazer Winsted Article information: To cite this document: Kathryn Frazer Winsted, (2000),"Service behaviors that lead to satisfied customers", European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 34 Iss 3/4 pp. 399 - 417 Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090560010311920 Downloaded on: 16 September 2014, At: 19:29 (PT) References: this document contains references to 72 other documents. To copy this document: permissions@emeraldinsight.com The fulltext of this document has been downloaded 5472 times since 2006* Downloaded by UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU At 19:29 16 September 2014 (PT) Users who downloaded this article also downloaded: Kathryn Frazer Winsted, (2000),"Patient satisfaction with medical encounters – a cross#cultural perspective", International Journal of Service Industry Management, Vol. 11 Iss 5 pp. 399-421 Göran Svensson, (2006),"New aspects of research into service encounters and service quality", International Journal of Service Industry Management, Vol. 17 Iss 3 pp. 245-257 Göran Svensson, (2006),"The interactive interface of service quality: A conceptual framework", European Business Review, Vol. 18 Iss 3 pp. 243-257 Access to this document was granted through an Emerald subscription provided by 460805 [] For Authors If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information...
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...------------------------------------------------- MGT 312 ------------------------------------------------- Self-Assessment Report Cover Sheet ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Your name (Please print)_______________________________________ ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Student ID #________________________ Section_________________ ------------------------------------------------- AssessmentNo. | Assessment | Completed | 1 | How satisfied are you with your present job? Answer questions on p. 57 | | 2 | What is my Big 5 personality profile 5? Answer questions on p.82 | | 3 | What is the status of my acquired needs? Answer questions on p.150 | | 4 | What rewards do I value most? Answer questions on p.201 | | 5 | What are my signature strengths? Answer questions on p.244 | | 6 | Group and Team role preferences scale. Answer questions on p. 259 | | 7 | What is your preferred conflict handling style? Answer questions on p.351 | | 8 | Corporate culture preference scale. Answer questions on p. 501 | | | | | | | | ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Please write...
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...Readings in Psychology and Culture Article is brought to you for free and open access (provided uses are educational in nature)by IACCP and ScholarWorks@GVSU. Copyright © 2011 International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology. All Rights Reserved. ISBN 978-0-9845627-0-1 Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context Abstract This article describes briefly the Hofstede model of six dimensions of national cultures: Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism/Collectivism, Masculinity/Femininity, Long/ Short Term Orientation, and Indulgence/Restraint. It shows the conceptual and research efforts that preceded it and led up to it, and once it had become a paradigm for comparing cultures, research efforts that followed and built on it. The article stresses that dimensions depend on the level of aggregation; it describes the six entirely different dimensions found in the Hofstede et al. (2010) research into organizational cultures. It warns against confusion with value differences at the individual level. It concludes with a look ahead in what the study of dimensions of national cultures and the position of countries on them may still bring. This article is available in Online Readings in Psychology and Culture: http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/orpc/vol2/iss1/8 Hofstede: Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context Introduction...
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...INTERNATIONAL J OURNAL OF M ULTIDISCIPLINARY S CIENCES AND ENGINEERING, VOL . 2 , NO. 5 , AUGUST 2 011 Impact of Employee Satisfaction on Success of Organization: Relation between Customer Experience and Employee Satisfaction Afshan Naseem1, Sadia Ejaz Sheikh2 and Prof. Khusro P. Malik GPHR3 1,3 Department of Engineering Management, Centre for Advanced Studies in Engineering, Islamabad, Pakistan 2 COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Attock, Pakistan Abstract– Employee satisfaction is considered weighty when it comes to define organizational success. Employee’s satisfaction is central concern particularly in the service industry. Need to enhance employee satisfaction is critical because it is a key to business success of any organization. In the present milieu, employee satisfaction has come under limelight due to stiff competition where organizations are trying to carve competitive advantage through the human factor. The purpose of this study is to observe the relationship between employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction and to examine the impact of both on organizational success. This study scrutinizes the effects of different factors of organization which affects the employee satisfaction. This is a cohort study in which qualitative research methodology was used. The data was collected through selfadministrated questionnaire which contains multiple choice questions and open-ended questions. Results of the principal component analysis (PCA) based on correlation...
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...Publication title: European Journal of Marketing. Bradford: 1999. Vol. 33, Iss. 11/12; pg. 1082 Source type: Periodical ISSN/ISBN: 03090566 Abstract (Document Summary) In recent research on service quality it has been argued that the relationship between perceived service quality and service loyalty is an issue which requires conceptual and empirical elaboration through replication and extension of current knowledge. A study focuses on the refinement of a scale for measuring service loyalty dimensions and the relationships between dimensions of service quality and these service loyalty dimensions. The results of an empirical study of a large sample of customers from four different service industries suggest that four dimensions of service loyalty can be identified: purchase intentions, word-of-mouth communication; price sensitivity; and complaining behaviour. Further analysis yields an intricate pattern of service quality-service loyalty relationships at the level of the individual dimensions with notable differences across industries. Full Text (9407 words) Copyright MCB UP Limited (MCB) 1999 Josee Bloemer: Faculty of Applied Economics, Limburg University Centre, Diepenbeek, Belgium, and...
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...RESEARCH PAPER NO. 1488 Strategy, Organization, And Incentives: Global Corporate Banking At Citibank David P. Baron David Besanko April 1998 RESEARCH PAPER SERIES GRADUATE SCHOOL OF BUSINESS STANFORD UNIVERSITY Research Paper No. 1488 STRATEGY, ORGANIZATION, AND INCENTIVES: GLOBAL CORPORATE BANKING AT CITIBANK David P. Baron and David Besanko Stanford University and Northwestern University April 1998 Abstract This paper addresses the interplay of strategy, organization, and incentives in a global company. The basic framework takes one step further Chandler’s perspective that structure follows strategy by incorporating incentives chosen in response to both strategy and organization. The analysis of these three components of corporate policy is guided by a model of organization developed in earlier papers (1996, 1997). The perspective is that strategy is based on matching opportunities and capabilities. Capabilities reside in an organization’s shared know-how, and organization structure serves to mobilize a firm’s capabilities in pursuit of opportunities. How organization structure mobilizes capabilities depends on the complementarities among its activities and the pattern of spillovers that underlie its capabilities. When the activities include both complements and substitutes, and when the pattern of spillovers is complex, a mUlti-dimensional organization is required to manage the interrelationships. In multi-dimensional organizations the incentive...
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...“Work Ethic: Do New Employees Mean New Work Values?” 2010 Journal of Managerial Issues, 22 (1), 10-34 Raymond K. Van Ness, Ph.D. State University of New York at Albany, Kimberly Melinsky, Ph.D. ABD, The College of Saint Rose, Cheryl Buff, Ph.D. Siena College, and Charles F. Seifert, Ph.D. Siena College ABSTRACT This study compares and contrasts the individual dimensions of work ethic of graduating college and university students to those of workforce professionals. The Multidimensional Work Ethic Profile (MWEP) is used to operationalize seven dimensions of work ethic. The findings indicate that while students and workforce professionals differ within the individual dimensions, quantitatively, they have the same overall work ethic. Variances within the dimensions of work ethic may have important implications for corporate managers. Keywords: Work Ethic, Work Values, Dimensions of Work Ethic “Work Ethic: Do New Employees Mean New Work Values?” INTRODUCTION The concept of work ethic has evolved from the writings of the early 20th century scholar, Max Weber (Weber, 1904-1905), who has been frequently credited with contributing to the success of capitalism in western society with what became known as the Protestant work ethic (PWE) (Hirschfeld and Field, 2000; Hill and Petty, 1995; Kalberg, 1996; Chusmir and Koberg, 1988). Weber highlighted the value of work commitment and raised questions as to why some people place a greater importance on work and appear more conscientious than...
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