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Micheal Jackson

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Kyoto aftalen – besvarelse af problemformulering Hvad er Kyoto protokollen? Kyoto protokollen er en international aftale, der blev lavet med det formål at beskytte jordens klima. De lande der har deltagelse i aftalen er berettiget til at reducere udledningen af 6 drivhusgasser – kuldioxid, metan, lattergas, og industrigasserne HFC’er, PFC’er og SF6. Aftalen udspringer fra FN konventionen ”United Nations Framework Convention on Climata Change (UNFCCC)”. Kyoto aftalens hovedindhold: Første punkt klargør at industri lande skal nedbringe deres udslip af CO2 med 5,2% fra perioden 2008-2012 i forhold til Der er dog stadigvæk forskel på hvor mange % de forskellige lande skal nedbringe deres udslip, da nogle ikke er så langt fremme i den industrielle fase som andre. Danmark og tyskland reducere med 21% Canada og japan reducere med 6% Rusland forbliver det samme f.eks. Spanien, Grækenland og Portugal må øge med øge med henholdsvis 15% 21% -og 25% (da disse ikke er så langt fremme industrielt og derfor ikke har nok energi til at skabe industriel vækst.) Punkt to klargør at ulandende ikke har fået fastgjort nogle reduktionsmål da dette ville ødelægge udvikling og vækst. Punkt omhandler CO2-kvoter, det vil sige at de lande som f.eks. Spanien, Grækenland og Portugal kan sælge dele af sine CO2-kvoter til lande der skal skære ned på CO2-kvoter. Punkt fire beskriver hvordan plantning af en skov kan medregnes i et lands CO2-regnskab, da det kan udligne udslippet af CO2. Punkt 5 er at man kan eksportere CO2-besparelser ved at f.eks. hjælpe et andet land med at få bygget en vindmølle park og derved opnår landet der har hjulpet også CO2-besparelser i eget regnskab. Punkt omhandler hvordan EU giver støtte til udviklingslandene på 410mio dollars – der sikrer en bæredygtig energiproduktion. Punkt 7. Klargør at man ikke opnår besparelser i sit CO2 regnskab ved køb af A-kraft da atomkraft holdes ude af aftalen. Aftalen er juridisk bindende. Dvs. at der ved brud på aftalen eller lande der ikke lever op til deres mål, bliver pålagt en straf i form af yderligere reduktion af deres CO2-udslip i følgende periode. Hvornår blev Kyoto protokollen vedtaget og hvorfor? Hvilke lande er indblandet? Minus lande (USA) hvorfor er disse lande undtaget? Blot 100 dage efter indledningen af Kyoto aftalen meldte George W Bush, uden at have konsulteret de allierede, USA ud af den, på det officielle grundlag at USA ikke billiger Ulandendes manglende redukstionsmål , de ville have Ulandende til at forpligte sig på længere sigt for også at reducere deres CO2-udslip, han mente også at aftalen ville hæmme den økonomiske fremgang i USA; underforstået USA’s olieindustri. I den nye klimakonference der afholdes i København til december melder USA deres deltagen. Barack Obama videreførte Bush’s initiativ til en international møderække til global opvarmning. Flere forskere i USA, blandt andet Jake Schmidt, fra den amerikanske miljøorganisation Forsvarsrådet for Naturressourcerne, siger: ”Uden amerikansk lederskab vil en aftale i København om global opvarmning stort set være uden for rækkevidde.” Andre lande som Kina har begrænset binding af Kyoto aftalens regler, idet at de har status som udviklingsland, selvom Kina har den største udledning af drivhusgasser i verden. - Ulande som før nævnt har også begrænset binding til reglerne, de har ikke noget reduktionsmål, da dette ville hæmme deres udvikling. Problemer/konsekvenser ved Kyoto aftalen: Problemer ved CO2-kvoter: man kan frygte at rige lande slipper for billigt ved deres reduktionsmål, da de til billige penge kan købe sig fra det i andre lande, frem for at gennemføre det på hjemmefront – dette giver en stillestand på verdensplan. Aftale om øget skovdække viste sig også at være et problem for landende i EU. Problemet er at det kan være svært at kontrollere hvornår der er tale om øget skovdække eller skov som fældes igen med henblik på tømmer. Et andet problem kan være køb af reduktion i udlandet ved at hjælpe med miljøbesparende byggeprojekter i andre lande – dette giver de hjælpende lande (selvom projektet ikke fungere optimalt) lov til at udlede mere CO2 på hjemmefront – dette giver mere udladning, idet at projektet ikke fungere og derved ikke reducere udslippet. _Hvordan fungerede/fungere Kyoto protokollen under hidtil og nuværende regering (Poul Nyrup Rasmussen og Anders Fogh Rasmussen/Lars Løkke Rasmussen)?_ Klimakonferencer (skal ændres noget ved Kyoto protokollen)? Når Kyoto konferencen afholdes i København til december, er der lagt helt nye spilleregler. Inden konferencens start, bliver små møder afholdt for at de enkelte lande kan redegøre for deres problematikker. Danmarks klima- og energiminister, Connie Hedegaard, leder mødet i København. Der er stærk debat om Ulandendes begrænsede medlemskab i aftalen. Man mener at siden der har været fremgang for Ulandendes emissioner burde de også få tildelt et reduktionsmål fra 15-30%.

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