...|Trying Juveniles as Adults in Criminal Court: An Analysis of State Transfer Provisions Report, December 1998 Patrick Griffin Patricia Torbet Linda Szymanski National Center for Juvenile Justice Shay Bilchik, Administrator Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention [pic] Table of Contents Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Foreword Acknowledgments Introduction Transfer Provisions Waiver Direct File Statutory Exclusion Reverse Waiver Once an Adult/Always an Adult Additional Analyses Transfer for Nonviolent Offenses Additional Pretransfer Findings Required Clear and Convincing Evidence Standard Special Transfer Treatment Based on Prior Record Devices To Limit Prosecutorial Discretion Minimum Age Provisions Appendix: Summary of Transfer Laws Share With Your Colleagues Publications From OJJDP List of Tables Most States Have a Combination of Transfer Provisions Summary of Transfer Provisions, 1997 Discretionary Waiver: Minimum Age and Offense Criteria, 1997 Mandatory Waiver: Minimum Age and Offense Criteria, 1997 Presumptive Waiver: Minimum Age and Offense Criteria, 1997 Direct File: Minimum Age and Offense Criteria, 1997 Statutory Exclusion: Minimum Age and Offense Criteria, 1997 Minimum Age and Offenses for Which a Juvenile Can Be Transferred to Criminal Court in...
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...fifteen-year-old juvenile, was arrested by the Gila County Sheriff’s Department in June of 1964 (Pedzich, 2011). Gault was arrested on suspicion of making inappropriate and offensive calls to a neighbor Ora Cook (Facts and Case Summary – In re Gault, n.d.). During his police interview, Gerald claimed it was actually his friend Ronald Lewis that made the calls to his neighbor. He stated he heard his friend using abusive language to someone on the phone while he was preparing for work, took the phone from him, hung the call up and kicked his friend out of the house. His parents were never notified that he was taken into custody until after his mother arrived home and noticed that he was missing. Gerald’s mother was eventually...
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...Obviously something is going on in today’s society if more and more children are committing delinquent crimes. Sometimes a researcher has to get to what he or she thinks is the root of the problem to figure out what spawns a certain issue. What provokes a child to become delinquent and what makes the child gravitate so easily towards this lifestyle? It is necessary to explore how family life influences juvenile delinquency. Juveniles are more likely to become juvenile delinquents if there is little structure provided for them in their families. Children who are rejected by their parents, who grow up in homes with considerable conflict, or who are inadequately supervised are at the greatest risk of becoming delinquent. Literature reviews, focused on the relationship between child abuse and juvenile delinquency, indicate that juvenile delinquents are often products of families that consciously or unconsciously neglect their childhood needs. Corporal punishment by parents often leads to overt and aggressive misbehavior. Neglect and extreme punishment can cause children to become rebellious adolescents who use misbehavior to "pay back" the family. Childhood abuse and neglect has been linked to a number of other adolescent problems. Compared with non maltreated matched control groups, abused or neglected children are significantly more likely to engage in violent behavior, become pregnant during adolescence, use drugs, have lower GPAs, and/or experience mental health problems...
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...RESEARCH METHODS IN CRIME AND JUSTICE CHAPTER 1 – THE RESEARCH PRACTICE Chapter Review Questions Respond to each of the following questions using the information from this chapter. 1. During a recent meeting of the command staff at a mid-sized police department, the chief asks the patrol captain for his recommendation for new flashlights. The captain responds, “I did a little research and I recommend that we purchase the DryLight, Model X flashlight”. The patrol captain’s research consisted of “asking a few of the officers” what they thought would be a good flashlight. Did the patrol captain actually conduct research? Why or why not? ANSWER: Technically, the patrol captain did some research. He conducted interviews which is a form of data collection. One could argue, however, that the patrol captain’s research was limited (pp. 7-8). 2. Respond to the following statement in 3-5 sentences: Conducting research in the social sciences and in criminal justice in particular is easier than in other sciences because the things we measure are so vague that nobody really cares if we get it right or not. ANSWER: Generally speaking, social science research is more challenging than some of the ‘hard sciences’ because the things social scientists study are difficult to measure objectively. As a result social scientists spend a great deal of time justifying how they measure concepts to their peers (pp. 4-5). 3. Read the following scenarios and identify which of the following...
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...1995, more than 453,000 adults were on probation for a violent offense; 757,000 for a property offense; 561,000 for a drug offense; and 815,000 for a public-order offense. Using a nationally representative sample, a two-part survey was conducted to collect detailed information on adults on probation. Results from a sample of 5,867 administrative records are presented here. Data from personal interviews with probationers will be the subject of a future report. Highlights Percent of adults on probation MisdeTotal Felony meanor Total Offense Violent Property Drug Public-order 100 % 100 % 100 % 17.3% 28.9 21.4 31.1 19.5% 36.6 30.7 12.1 13.5% 18.2 7.6 59.6 Criminal history None Priors Juvenile Adult 49.9% 50.1 9.0 45.1 49.2% 50.8 10.3 45.1 52.1% 47.9 5.6 44.3 Type of sentence Probation only Split Jail Prison 49.8% 50.2 37.3 15.3 Special conditions Any 98.6% Fees/fines/costs 84.3 Drug testing 32.5...
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...grading your work. 3. Information needed to complete this form can be found within the case file documents. If required information is missing, unavailable, or does not exist, please make a note of that in your report. DO NOT MANUFACTURE MISSING INFORMATION! 4. The space provided for your answers are recommendations as to how long your responses should be. You may use more or less space, depending on what you feel should be included. There is no page limit for this assignment. 5. Please be sure to clearly indicate where your answers begin. Feel free to adjust the font, use bold type, or some other means for setting your responses apart (but please do NOT change the color of the typeface). 6. When you have completed entering your responses, print out your final copy and sign the last page. Also, be sure to attach any necessary documents before you submit the final copy. DO NOT INCLUDE THIS SHEET WHEN SUBMITTING STAGE TWO FOR GRADING! KANE COUNTY ADULT COURT SERVICES PRE-SENTENCE INVESTIGATION REPORT Please type all responses Defendant’s Name: Edward Ignatious Case #: 16 CF 0071 Investigator’s Name: Rodrick Parker Date of Report: 3/15/16 Charge(s) Plead: Unlawful Use of Weapon (720 ILCS 5/24-1(a)(8)) & Aggravated Assault (720 ILCS 5/12-2(c)(1)) Date of Guilty Plea: 3/2/16 Sentencing Date: 3/28/16 Part I: Case Information and Summary Please provide a narrative that...
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...Court Case Analysis of a Young Offender The Canadian public perception of youth crime is that it is growing out of control and that violence crime is common. Sensationalized media coverage, frustrated law enforcement officers and vote-seeking politicians, have tended to portray only parts of the overall reality of youth crime (John Howard Society, 2008). The government of Canada has evolved over the many years to deal with youth crime from installing the Juvenile Delinquency Act in 1908 all the way to the Youth Criminal Justice Act recently amended in 2012. What these acts have accomplished is the separation of youth and adult sentences (Stevenson, 2014). This was done in order to protect children because it is the belief in Canada that children are not responsible for their actions because of Doli incapax or the inability to do wrong. That being said there is still legislation in dealing with youth crime that is punishing and effective (Stevenson, 2014). This paper will analyze a court case decision made under the Youth Criminal Justice Act which involves a young offender who was convicted of a gang-related murder and breached Conditional Supervision Order (R. v. S.(M.), 2014). This court case will be analyzed using relevant research on youth gangs using concept of theories that apply to our young offender. In conclusion, this paper will discuss limitations of laws and possible alternatives that dealt with the young offender. A summary of R. v. S.(M.), the court based...
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...The Department of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) is an agency in a state of change with many pressing issues in need of solutions. The Spofford Secure Detention Center is a major priority of the DJJ, however, the problems facing this facility are too large in magnitude to sufficiently solve in the next six months. You and Ms. Feely have already made great strides in addressing some of the needs of the Spofford facility. As you continue these efforts, I advise you to shift your focus to the Non-Secure Detention (NSD) program. You recently learned that the NSD program does not keep records on its clients. I believe the lack of client records poses a serious legal liability for the DJJ. Should a client cause harm to themselves or others while housed...
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...Website Regulatory Paper The Federal Government presents a legislation that administer Healthcare professionals, Social Services, and employees to safeguard of individuals medical records. These materials are endorse in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA. State Governments apply this act to the protection of children (Child Protective Services (CPS) and adults Department of Social Service (DSS). Team A will discuss how Confidentiality, Privileged Communication and Rights to Privacy are applied at the state and county level. The Division of Youth and Family Services (DYFS) is New Jersey’s child protection and child welfare agency within the Department of Children and Families. As mandated by state law (Title 9 and Title 30), DYFS is required to investigate all reports of child abuse and child neglect (Division of Youth and Family Services, p. 1, 2008). New Jersey was one of the first states in the nation to create a state division on aging. Chapter 72 Law of 1957 established within the State Department of Health, a state unit on aging. In 1973, amendments to the federal Older Americans Act of 1965 authorized states to designate geographic planning and service areas to be administered by Area Agencies on Aging. New Jersey designated each of its 21 county offices on aging as Area Agencies on Aging, making each eligible for federal funding under the Older Americans Act (DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND SENIOR SERVICES, p. 1, 2009-2013) . AND SENIOR...
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...In Texas, for instance, two employees entered into an extramarital affair. Their spouses sued the company for negligently interfering with their familial relations by failing to take action to prevent the affair. The case went all the way up to the U.S. Supreme Court, which ultimately affirmed the trial court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of the employer. While Dwight and Angela are no strangers to illicit affairs, it seems Stanley has more to worry about when it comes to angry spouses, even without Michael around to spill the beans on Stanley’s extramarital activities. As Stanley pointed out, we all know where to start looking if he ever turns up missing. Michael’s conduct exposes Dunder Mifflin to potential liability in a sexual harassment lawsuit. Courts have held that, where a supervisor engages in harassment that results in a tangible employment action, the employer is strictly liable for the conduct. If there is no tangible employment action, the employer is not liable if it can show that it used reasonable care to prevent and promptly correct the harassment and that the complaining party unreasonably failed to take advantage of any preventative or corrective opportunities...
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...Data Mining with R: learning by case studies Luis Torgo LIACC-FEP, University of Porto R. Campo Alegre, 823 - 4150 Porto, Portugal email: ltorgo@liacc.up.pt http://www.liacc.up.pt/∼ltorgo May 22, 2003 Preface The main goal of this book is to introduce the reader to the use of R as a tool for performing data mining. R is a freely downloadable1 language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. Its capabilities and the large set of available packages make this tool an excellent alternative to the existing (and expensive!) data mining tools. One of the key issues in data mining is size. A typical data mining problem involves a large database from where one seeks to extract useful knowledge. In this book we will use MySQL as the core database management system. MySQL is also freely available2 for several computer platforms. This means that you will be able to perform “serious” data mining without having to pay any money at all. Moreover, we hope to show you that this comes with no compromise in the quality of the obtained solutions. Expensive tools do not necessarily mean better tools! R together with MySQL form a pair very hard to beat as long as you are willing to spend some time learning how to use them. We think that it is worthwhile, and we hope that you are convinced as well at the end of reading this book. The goal of this book is not to describe all facets of data mining processes. Many books exist that cover this area. Instead we propose to introduce...
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...Prison Violent Misconduct Sylwia Chamot April 20th, 2011 Dr. Hassett- Walker Senior Seminar CJ 4600, Section 02 Spring Semester 2011 Incarceration rates rose to unprecedented levels in the history of the U.S.’s imprisonment. Therefore, concern about social control of the incarcerated, that is, prisoners’ behavior, has increased. High inmate disciplinary infractions, especially violent infractions, are a threat to the safety of prison, of correctional staff, and of other inmates. Nevertheless, the issue of discipline in prison is important from an economic perspective, because an estimated average cost per infraction at a medium security prison is $970 (Jiang & Fisher-Giorlando, 2002). For these reasons, Jiang & Fisher- Giorlando conducted a research to help explain violent incidents, incidents against correctional staff and incidents against other inmates in prison. Identifying the risk factors of inmates to commit violent acts of misconduct is of great importance to prison administration. This type of research can assist in the classification process of inmates entering institutions as well as the ongoing classification adjustments of inmates already in custody. This study will identify and investigate factors for violent institutional misconduct. These factors include; however, are not limited to race...
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...Dinosaur extinction is still a major mystery of earth history. In this review article, extinctions in the geological record will be briefly mentioned. Many of the imaginative theories for the extinction of the dinosaurs will also be presented. Within the uniformitarian paradigm, the meteorite impact theory, once considered ‘outrageous’, now is the dominant theory. However, the volcanic theory is still believed by a majority of paleontologists. Both theories have their strengths and weaknesses. The unscientific behavior of those involved in the meteorite paradigm change will be briefly explored. Evidence that the dinosaurs died in a cataclysm of global proportions will be presented, such as the huge water-laid dinosaur graveyards found over the earth. Occasional nonspecific bone-beds and the rarity of fossils of very young dinosaurs suggest a catastrophic death and burial. The billions of dinosaur tracks recently discovered provide testimony to unusual, stressful conditions. Nests, eggs, and babies are a challenge to a Flood model, but there are enough unknowns associated with the data that solid conclusions are difficult to draw. The part that impacts and volcanism play in a Flood paradigm will be briefly discussed. The question of whether the K/T boundary and the extinction of the dinosaurs should be considered a synchronous event within the Flood will be considered. Introduction Dinosaurs bring wonder to children and adults alike. That such great beasts once roamed the earth...
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...• English/US • Answers • Store • Outreach • Media • Kids • Education • Donate • Answers in Genesis • Answers • Animals • Dinosaurs • Dinosaur Extinction • The Extinction of the Dinosaurs The Extinction of the Dinosaurs by Michael J. Oard on August 1, 1997 Share: • • • • Originally published in Journal of Creation 11, no 2 (August 1997): 137-154. Shop Now First published: TJ (now Journal of Creation) 11(2):137–154 August 1997 by Michael J. Oard Dinosaur extinction is still a major enigma of earth history. In this review article, extinctions in the geological record will be briefly mentioned. Many of the imaginative theories for the extinction of the dinosaurs will also be presented. Within the uniformitarian paradigm, the meteorite impact theory, once considered ‘outrageous’, now is the dominant theory. However, the volcanic theory is still believed by a majority of palaeontologists. Both theories have their strengths and weaknesses. The unscientific behaviour of those involved in the meteorite paradigm change will be briefly explored. Evidence that the dinosaurs died in a cataclysm of global proportions will be presented, such as the huge water-laid dinosaur graveyards found over the earth. Occasional monospecific bone-beds and the rarity of fossils of very young dinosaurs suggest a catastrophic death and burial. The billions of dinosaur tracks recently discovered provide testimony to unusual, stressful conditions. Nests, eggs, and babies...
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...describing program reach, effectiveness, adoption within the facilities, cost, and opportunities for sustainability. This evaluation included 4 facilities (2 large and 2 smaller) with a total daily census of 20 700 inmates. Results. During the 5-month evaluation window from May to September 2013, 7426 inmates were screened at the 4 facilities. This represents screening 87% of all new admits (the remaining new admits were screened by correctional staff only and are not included in these statistics) and 23% of the daily inmate census, reaching 55% of the overall screening target as calculated per annum. The reach ranged from 57% screened during these 5 months at one of the smaller facilities to 13% at the largest facility. Two hundred one cases of pulmonary TB were diagnosed, representing 2.1% of the...
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