...transnational that affects the interests of more than one state (Global Solutions, n.d.). The contents of this essay will identify the various major global crimes and criminal issues that have a global impact on national and international justice systems and processes. In addition, the text will discuss the various international justice systems and how these global crimes and criminal issues are addressed. Fueled by open borders, global markets, and the advancement of telecommunications, international crime has become a rising universal problem. In 1995, President Clinton classified international crime as a danger to the national interest of the United States. Therefore, before and since then the federal government has been busy in a converging effort to address various major global crimes, such as human rights and war crimes, organized crime and narcotics, cybercrime, environmental crime, and terrorism (Global Solutions, n.d.). Human Rights and War Crimes are inhuman acts committed by an extensive or systematic attack aimed against individuals, such as genocide, crimes against humanity, slavery, torture, aggression, and war crimes. Organized crime is a profit-driven criminal organization or group who work together to commit illegal acts to achieve a common goal and most international organized crime involves narcotics violations including drug trafficking, drug manufacturing, and drug distribution are common trends in today's international and national organized...
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...under the term “Juvenile offender”. Juvenile delinquency has increased within the past 50 years. As a result of the extensive increase statistical information supporting juvenile delinquent offenses are compiled to display extensive increases and declines pertaining to delinquency within America. The overall decrease in juvenile arrests, increase in juvenile narcotics offenses, and simple assaults will be identified, dissected, and examined. The implications for juvenile female and minorities will also be thoroughly examined along with an assessment highlighting the tracking of juvenile arrests as a method of measuring the amount of, and trends within juvenile offenses. Overall Decrease: Juvenile Arrests The overall decrease in juvenile detainment for violent juvenile offenses within 2008 decreased in comparison to the statistical information projecting violent juvenile actions within the 1990s. Juvenile delinquency supporting violent offenses extensively increased throughout the 1990s within Northern America most likely as a result of the increase in gang membership, extensive narcotics trade, and the introduction of crack cocaine within the late 1980s. In 2008 “Juveniles accounted for 16% of all violent crime arrests and 26% of all property crime arrests” (Puzzanchera, 2009, p. 1). “In 2008, law enforcement agencies in the United States made an estimated 2.11 million arrests of persons younger than age 18.* Overall, there were 3% fewer juvenile...
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...categorical identification group classified under the term “Juvenile offender”. Juvenile delinquency has increased within the past 50 years. As a result of the extensive increase statistical information supporting juvenile delinquent offenses are assembled to display extensive increases and declines pertaining to delinquency within America. The overall decrease in juvenile arrests, increase in juvenile narcotics offenses, and simple assaults will be identified, divided, and examined. The implications for juvenile female and minorities will also be thoroughly examined along with an assessment highlighting the tracking of juvenile arrests as a method of measuring the amount of, and trends within juvenile offenses. The overall decrease in juvenile detainment for violent juvenile offenses within 2008 decreased in comparison to the statistical information projecting violent juvenile actions within the 1990s. Juvenile delinquency supporting violent offenses extensively increased throughout the 1990s within Northern America most likely as a result of the increase in gang membership, extensive narcotics trade, and the introduction of crack cocaine within the late 1980s. In 2008 “Juveniles accounted for 16% of all violent crime arrests and 26% of all property crime arrests” (Puzzanchera, 2009, p. 1). “In 2008, law enforcement agencies in the United States made an estimated 2.11 million arrests of persons younger than age 18.* Overall, there were 3% fewer juvenile arrests in 2008 than in 2007,...
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...this paper I will go over a detailed classification of narcotic drugs in criminal law, focusing on the differences of each. I will also go over the detail required forensic evidence needed to obtain a conviction in a drug case. Then I will go over the necessity of analysis of drugs in a criminal case, the chain of custody, and the preservation of evidence which seeks to not only prove the alleged crimes but also provides the defendant the opportunity to cross examine or challenge the evidence presented in court. A narcotic is an analgesic or pain killing substance that depresses vital body functions such as blood pressure, pulse rate and breathing rate; regular administration of narcotics produces physical dependence. There are many types of narcotics that law enforcement seizes, and they come in different forms. There are pills, powders, and drugs that are heated so they may be injected using a needle. Narcotics can be useful when they are prescribed by a doctor for a pain and sever anxiety as long as they are used as prescribed. However, when abused manufactured, or sold for profit, the narcotics then become a problem for law enforcement. Law enforcement classifies narcotics by schedules. Schedule I drugs include those that are likely to cause addiction and abuse and are not used in field of medicine. These are the types of drugs are not prescribed by a physician (U.S Department of Justice, 2012). Schedule 1 narcotics include heroin, GHB, and other opiates, ecstasy, mushrooms...
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...RESEARCH PAPER Christopher Burnett Charleston Southern University Professor Alan Fix A research paper presented to the Department of Criminal Justice in a partial fulfillment of the requirements of Bachelor Science in Criminal Justice Charleston Southern University December 2011 ABSTRACT Many police agencies have developed a community policing style approach to fighting and preventing crime. This has worked for some and not so much for others. I have developed a program that interacts with the community and helps fight crime. This project not only reduces crime in an area but may continually keep crime at a low by getting the community to be more involved in day to day activities. You cannot expect the police to do all the crime fighting and then blame them whenever your vehicle gets broken into or your property gets stolen from your front yard. Mount Pleasant Police Department has been around for several years and has always taken the approach to policy community style or community policing. They believe policing this way will help reduce crime and get the community involved. They want officers to walk businesses, patrol neighborhoods, and be social able to show the community we are all nice and to call us for whatever reason. I believe this has back fired because the community calls on us to fix every single problem they have and most are not related to law enforcement at all. I have developed a new program which takes community policing to a new...
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...drug abusers in Asian countries, the establishment of effective countermeasures for demand and supply reduction are a pressing issue. In light of the above-mentioned situation, the United Nations Asia and Far East Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders (UNAFEI); and the Research Division of the Research and Training Institute, Ministry of Justice jointly conducted a comprehensive study on drug abuser treatment, from 2002 to 2004, entitled “Research on the Trends in Drug Abuse and Effective Measures for the Treatment of the Drug Abusers in Asian Countries - An Analysis of Innovative Measures for the Treatment of Drug Abusers”. The Asian countries included in the study are: China (Hong Kong), Korea, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. This is the first phase of the study on drug abuser treatment; the second phase, which begun last year, will cover Australia, Canada, the UK and the USA. UNAFEI is a United Nations regional institute, established in 1961 by agreement between the United Nations and the Government of Japan, with the aim of promoting the sound development of criminal justice systems and mutual cooperation in the world. The three main activities of UNAFEI are to hold training courses...
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...------------------------------------------------- Doctor Shopping PHL/323 March 18, 2014 jessie fox PHL/323 March 18, 2014 jessie fox PHL/323 Doctor Shopping PHL/323 March 18, 2014 Robert Philip Doctor Shopping The illegal narcotic drug problem in the United States is a growing problem and is On the rise. This problem is growing at a rapid pace, but, the fastest and one of the Deadliest drug problems in the United States is doctor shopping, which not only affects The young addict, but also the senior citizen as well. This is the fastest growing problem In the United States and is at the top of every state’s agenda and even the federal Government is starting to take this as a serious matter. The federal government has Allowed each state take care of this problem, but as the deaths pile up and the addiction Grow the government has been forced to get involved. Doctor shopping is a way to get Narcotics legal and not risk getting caught in a drug bust, but new laws especially at the State level is starting to prosecute more people every year. The penalties for breaking These doctor shopping laws are ranging from not allowing the abuser to get prescription Medicine to time spent in prison . A great deal of issues surrounding health care that range from the cost of health Care, the health care reform, and not paying for pre-exiting conditions, which has a Negative effect on the health care industry. People are not focused on the issues that drive the...
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...Criminal Justice (CRJ101) Spring 2011 Midterm Training Day Crimes 1. Conclusion: Neto is liable for criminal sale of narcotics. Rule: Criminal sale of narcotics requires a person (non-addict) to sell any illegal substance including marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin and non-prescription drugs. Application: In this case Neto is seen by detective Alonso Harris and officer Jake Hoyt making a hand-to-hand transaction with an unidentified Caucasian male in a green Volkswagen. When the detectives take action Neto runs off and the people in the car are stopped and searched, and the detectives find the evidence. Conclusion: Thus Neto is liable for criminal sale of narcotics. 2. Conclusion: The two homeless men are liable for aggravated sexual assault on a 14-year-old female. Rule: Aggravated sexual assault requires a person to commit an aggravated assault of a sexual nature and who wounds, maims, disfigures or endangers the life of another. Application: In this case the two homeless men were caught in the act by officer Jake trying to rape a 14-year-old girl in an alley. She was bleeding from her nose and her shirt was ripped open, but Jake stopped them before they could rape her, making it an aggravated sexual assault charge. Conclusion: The two homeless men are liable for aggravated assault on a minor. 3. Conclusion: Blue (young man in the wheelchair) is liable for possession of narcotics and possession of a weapon. Rule: Possession...
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...DEA: Putting an End to the National Trafficking In the twenty-first century there is a plethora of drugs distributing from Mexico to the United States all the way to Canada causing numerous people to be sentenced to prison, to depart from their families, and to even die. Luckily, there is one law enforcement agency created by the U.S. government to banish these horrible facets, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Breaking down and destroying drug empires, arresting the kingpin leaders of illegal narcotics, and trying to put an end to this terrorizing crime. Drug cartels have always been an enormous issue all across the globe, but the DEA is like the superhero trying to fight off this drug battle. It’s not a simple job that anyone can just hope right on top of it. Yes being a DEA agent is a tedious career; however, it will be extremely rewarding and magnificent in the end. The Drug Enforcement Administration was created by President Richard Nixon through an Executive Order on July 1973 in order to establish a single unified command to combat an all-out global war on the drug menace. Becoming part of the DEA isn’t an easy task, there are multiple abilities one is required to have so that he or she can even be considered or recognized to become a DEA special agent. In order to apply and be qualified for the DEA, applicants must have the basics: must be U.S. citizens, between 21 and 36 years of age at the time of appointment, must possess a valid driver's license, be willing...
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...crime, there are questions to ask: Do drugs cause crime and do they inevitably lead to crime? If drugs are made legal, would there be less crime? If the government subsidized addicts, would they still engage in criminal conduct? What would happen if drugs were legalized (Hartnett, 2005)? States like Washington and Colorado have made Marijuana legal, all other states and countries are watching the results. They are watching what legalizing marijuana does for the economy, tax revenue, and crime reduction. There is an international impact with marijuana legalization. History behind the drug war Throughout the history of the drug war, both state and federal law enforcement agencies have cracked down on both drug abusers and drug dealers. During the late 60s, the U.S. government founded the U.S. Department of Justice’s Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs (BNDD). The BNDD worked a study to find a correlation between crime and heroin addiction. They found that 44 percent of those entering the jail system in Washington, D.C. have used heroin (Innabi, 2014). The next year the Controlled Substance Act was passed by Congress to give schedules to regulate drugs by medicinal value and potential to be addictive. This started the War on Drugs with President Nixon. The criminal justice systems are spending huge amounts of $56 billion each year on working to contain...
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...Training curriculum Foundations of Criminal Justice System Professor William Bower November 27, 2011 Abstract This observations will present an in service core curriculum re-evaluating an argument on the procedure by which an investigative permit is required and released that gives emphasis to the Fourth Amendment needs. Also, the definition of probable cause and its principles in which it is assembled will be discussed. There are two kinds of investigation that do not necessitate a warrant which will also be enclosed in this paper as well as concentrating on a small number of enquiry such as What the underlying principle is for consenting to warrantless investigation, and if these rationale are influential, and whether or not all investigation necessitate that likely reason are present or if there are discharged or not. Investigative permit procedure and the Fourth Amendment requests Searching warrant is not only disturbing they have to also be precise and they are not all equivalent. If a person uses a search warrant for instance to get hold of a company’s financial records or even a senior manager who is assumed of deception this course of action is not uncomplicated, nevertheless if a person uses a search warrant to situate an confiscated part of proof such as a bullet, or illegal pills then it is reasonably uncomplicated to do. Moreover, The Fourth Amendment has to be well thought-out and taken critically when acquiring a search warrant and the officer has to be...
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...corrections is a program that provides preventive services, services to offenders, services to persons charged with a crime or an act of delinquency, services to persons diverted from the criminal or delinquency process, services to persons sentenced to imprisonment, or services to victims of crime or delinquency, and is operated under a community corrections plan of a county and funded at least in part by the state subsidy. Intermediate sanctions are criminal sentences that fall between standard probation and incarceration. Intermediate sanctions can include house arrest, intensive probation (i.e., probation with more conditions beyond the basic conditions of standard probation), boot camps, electronic monitoring, and drug treatment programs. Intermediate sanctions serve a dual purpose in the criminal justice system. First, granting intermediate sanctions over incarceration helps reduce overcrowding and eases the burden on our nation's prison system. Second, it helps to reduce recitivism by targeting the behaviors of the defendants that led to the crime to begin with. For example, if a drug user is afforded the opportunity to attend drug treatment rather than prison and is successful, it is less likely that s/he will commit future crimes like possessing narcotics, and even selling narcotics or participating in various theft offenses to support his or her drug habit. Intermediate sanctions can be an effective tool if used appropriately. Individuals who are actually interested...
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... Criminal Justice B1 Professor Roberto Sanchez April 9, 2015 “The DEA” It is widely accepted among the law enforcement community that drugs are the catalyst for the majority of crimes that are committed. With the growing war on terror erupting ever so violently it is shifting attention away from another equally important war; the war on drugs. Americans use drugs everyday from the common prescription pills that your doctor prescribes all the way down to the more destructive drugs such as cocaine and heroine. Drugs are here to stay and its never going to go away because as the saying goes when you chop the head off of one dealer two more grow. Drugs are a big business and as long as greed exists there is always going to be a plethora of people trying to push this into countries, especially America, it is at this moment perhaps the largest consumer of drugs on earth. Therefore it is absolutely critical that the law enforcement of the United States stay one step ahead of this growing enterprise in order to mitigate the dangerous effects that is has on society such as addiction, murder, and prostitution to name a few. Among the many agencies tasked with the responsibility of combating this threat is the Federal Drug Enforcement Agency or (DEA). Most people are familiar with this organization by popular television shows such as “Cocaine Cowboys”, but these programs although entertaining do not do justice as to what the...
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...The department of Justice helps our country by enforcing the law and defends the interests of the United States. This department helps protect the public from foreign and domestic threats. They seek punishment for the people who are guilty and have unlawful behavior. And to ensure justice for the Americans of the United States. The department of Justice ensures that civil and constitutional rights of Americans are maintained. This department oversees activities of multiple federal law enforcement agencies. In addition, they also defend and represent the U.S. government’s position in legal proceedings. And they investigate cases of financial fraud, review the actions of local law enforcement agencies and administer the federal prison system....
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...ORGANIZED CRIME INVESTIGATION "Yes, Mr. Hoover, there is a Mafia" (Rudy Giuliani) Organized crime is in a class by itself. It's big, it's powerful, it's well-connected, and highly profitable. Mafia is the most common term used to describe the more profitable criminal organizations around the world, but other terminology exists, such as: international criminal organizations (military usage); transnational crime (United Nations usage); and enterprise crime (FBI usage). As the term is utilized in criminology, it refers to any (or all) of six (6) different types of crime: (1) crime as business, which includes white collar crime as well as various forms of corruption; (2) offenses involving works of art, counterfeiting, or other cultural artifacts; (3) crime associated with the distribution and sale of narcotics as well as other contraband substances; (4) crime associated with human migration or sex trafficking including various forms of prostitution; and (5) crime involving contract murder or for-hire use of force, mostly deadly force; and (6) various forms of computer crime involving identity theft and/or other large-scale financial frauds. No one-sentence conceptual definition exists, and a very useful webpage can be found on the Internet devoted to the Many Definitions of Organized Crime. There are known characteristics of organized crime, such as corruption, violence, sophistication, continuity, structure, discipline, ideology (or lack thereof), multiple enterprises...
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