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耐克(Nike,NYSE:NKE)是一家美國體育用品生產商,主要生產運動鞋、運動服裝、體育用品,以自己的品牌銷售,包括Nike、Air Jordan、Nike Golf 、Team Starter等,亦包括屬下全資擁有的品牌茵宝、匡威等。
Nike為世界多個足球會及國家足球隊提供球衣套件,包括阿森纳、曼聯、巴塞罗那、阿斯顿维拉、凯尔特人、祖雲達斯、T10 FC、國際米蘭、巴西、荷蘭、葡萄牙、美國等。
Nike的郵寄地址位於俄勒岡州波特蘭市近郊的比弗頓(Beaverton),公司總部則設於華盛頓郡。Nike的名稱源自希臘神話中的勝利女神尼刻(尼克)。
目录 [隐藏] * 1 歷史 * 2 市場對手 * 3 主要產品 * 3.1 產品製造地 * 4 贊助球隊 * 5 赞助选手 * 6 参见 * 7 参考资料 * 8 外部連結 |
[编辑] 歷史 * 1962年,Phil Knight在斯坦福大学編寫論文,估計日本製造的廉價運動鞋可與德國製造的高價格運動鞋競爭。在取得MBA學位後,Knight前往日本,與生產商Onitsuka Tiger的管理人員會面,試圖說服他們讓Knight擁有的藍帶體育公司(Blue Ribbon Sports)成為Tiger在美國西岸的代理商。 * 1964年,Knight把Tiger鞋子的樣板送到俄勒岡大學傳奇田徑教練Bill Bowerman,Knight在本科生時曾參加中距離跑步。 Bowerman建議和Knight建立夥伴關係,Bowerman則提供endorsement clout及運動鞋設計意念。兩人握手並各出資500美元開設新公司。 * 1965年,Jeff Johnson,Knight從前在田徑場上的竞争对手,加盟成為公司首位營業員。他在自己的小型貨車車尾售賣運動鞋予高校學生。 * 1966年,Johnson 在加州聖蒙尼卡開設公司首家零售商店。Knight與Bowerman把他們的握手協議變成正式的合約。 * 1967年,Knight與Bowerman開設藍帶體育公司,註冊成BRS, Inc.。 * 1969年,Knight辭去當時的會計師工作,全身投入BRS, Inc.。 * 1970年,Bowerman以橡膠spikes作實驗,把液態的橡膠混合物倒進妻子的焗窩夫餅器內,其後創作出成窩夫鞋底('waffle' sole)。 * 1971年,BRS公司與Onitsuka Tiger的關係轉壞,令Knight開始創造一隻運動鞋新品牌。Knight聘請了波特蘭州立大學一位平面設計學生Carolyn Davidson設計新品牌,並把品牌放在鞋的側面。她獲得35美元的薪酬,在Nike工作了數年,直至Nike需要一家廣告公司的服務為止。12年後,也就是1983年,Davidson在一頓午餐上收到一隻鑲有鑽石及Swoosh標誌的金指環,一張證書,及數量未知的Nike股票,以表揚她設計Swoosh標誌對Nike的貢獻。 * 1971年,除了新標誌外,BRS公司亦需要為其新產品定一個新名字,十多個建議,包括Knight最喜愛的「Dimension Six」皆遭受拒絕,直至Jeff Johnson想到Nike,希臘勝利女神的名字。 * 1972年,首件Nike產品,以Swoosh為記認,送到俄勒岡州Eugene,供參加美國奧運田徑選拔賽的選手使用。 * 1973年,美國紀錄保持者史提夫·普方坦尼成為首位穿著Nike跑鞋的主要徑賽運動員,並使不少他的隊友轉用Nike鞋,直至他在1975年5月30日逝世為止 * 1974年,推出The Waffle Trainer,很快成為美國最暢銷的訓練鞋。 * 1977年,Nike印刷廣告引入標語「There is no finish line」,大受歡迎,並因應顧客需求推出海報版本。 * 1978年,網球選手「壞孩子」約翰·馬克安諾與Nike簽約。 * 1979年,Nike的空氣軟墊「Air」技術,由發明者M. Frank Rudy取得專利,首次應用在Tailwind跑鞋上,把充氣的膠膜放入跑鞋的鞋底以提供軟墊的保護。 * 1980年12月2日,Nike完成首次公開招股,發行2,377,00股B級普通股。 * 1981年12月31日,BRS公司與Nike公司合併,公司以Nike為名。

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