This essay makes an attempt to address Orthopedic and Musculoskeletal Disorders. Also attempted, is a developmental design and evaluation of an appropriate individualized education goals and the issues surrounding the disorder of the above mentioned disease. Within the design, several directives will be accomplished: two (2), appropriate individualized education goals to meet the needs of the student. An analytical view, of the disorder, and what the specifics are associated with these type(s) of disorders. What the salient complications are as a result of the disorder, the particulars of finances and assistance as they affect the educational system. What treatment options are available, rehabilitation, and are there any appropriate educational interventions to address the situation. Lastly, what are the teacher's responsibilities, in terms of meeting the needs of students with curvature of the spine, hip conditions, limb deficiency, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and musculoskeletal disorders? (2) Appropriate Individualized Educational Goal: Two appropriate individualized education goals; Annual Goals:
Jessica is a 14 year girl who is also a sophomore, with an orthopedic and musculoskeletal disorder, she will have the ability to join in with her classmates in activities that; will allow her the use of her hands, shoulders and much more, far more than she was previously able to do. These activities include; the ability to produce her own written assignments and use of the computer, also having the ability to participate in physical education such as bowling, and softball. Educational Goal: Jessica, will join her classmates in some of the following: Stretching with the help of a school therapist. She will stretch out her fingers, rotate her shoulders, bend and stretch out her arms. Jessica will be responsible for keeping a written journal given to her by her physical educational instructor. Exercises will include:
Stretching for 15 seconds then a hold time for 5 seconds, stop for 4 seconds, this is to be completed 3 times per session, 3 sessions a day to start November 4, 2013 ending on November 8, 2013.
Stretching for 20 seconds then a hold time for 10 seconds 4 times per session 3 sessions a day. This next session will begin on November 11, 2013 ending on November 15, 2013 Stretching for 25 seconds then a hold time for 15 seconds 4 times per session 3 sessions a day. This next session will begin on November 18 2013 ending on November 22, 2013 Educational Goal: Jessica, will improve her ability to move about in a swimming pool by demonstrating her ability to move her limbs in exercises chosen by her therapist and physical education teacher. Jessica will join her classmates as often as 2 times a week for 15 minutes per day or as her joints will allow her. Exercises will include: Sitting on the side of the pool and kicking her legs for 15 minutes per session once a day beginning on December 2, 2013 and ending on December 5, 2013. Jessica’s therapist and physical education teacher will help Jessica keep a journal of her activities. Jessica, will stand in the pool while motioning her arms, as to demonstrate the breast stroke for 10 minutes per session once a day beginning on December 9, 2013 and ending on December 13, 2013. Jessica will track her progress along with her therapist and physical education teacher as to how well and how far she has come since first starting the exercise.
Analytical view of the disorder(s):
Hip Conditions: There are several, here we name only a few such as: Developmental Dysplasia which is, a deformity of the hip that usually happens before birth but, can also take place after birth. (See attached photo). Hip Condition continued: Perthes Disease, this disease is caused by the loss of blood flow to the hip and without proper blood flow, the ball, socket and the hip dies. This disease is also higher in girls rather than boys. (See attached photo). Limb Deficiencies: There are many definitions to describe this deficiency, however the simplest definition is: the lack of formation of part of the limb bud. There are many limb deficiencies such as, Amelia which; is an absence of a limb and there’s Meromelia, described as a partial absence of a limb and also Hemimelia which, is the absence of half a limb. They all seem to have the suffix melia in their descriptions and it means (condition(s) of the limbs).
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: Is defined as, constant pain, swelling and stiffness in the joints. There are some types of this condition that, can cause some very serious problems such as, growth problems and complications of the eye such as swelling or inflammation of the eye.
Musculoskeletal Disorders: This condition has minor physical disabilities, and is a term used to describe many conditions that; affect the following: muscles, bones, and joints in addition the severity of this disability can vary greatly, from mere pain that will prevent you from enjoying everyday activities, to sometimes significant great bodily damage.
Salient Complications:
Developmental Dysplasia, for those children who are not treated correctly or diagnosed correctly may very well develop long lasting hip problems, and when parents try to treat this condition themselves which often times they have and will, may find that; in time they have caused the hip to grow abnormally.
Limb Deficiency, there is much to discuss when it comes to the salient complications of Limb deficiencies such as, there could be some terminal overgrowth, complication may occur after a surgical amputation, the bone could pierce the skin and cause ulcers.
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, several salient complications makes this disorder rather risky if left untreated such as; mentioned previously, eye problems. We discussed that earlier; in addition, there could be complications of the eye such as swelling or inflammation, however if this condition is left untreated it can cause cataracts, glaucoma and even blindness.
Musculoskeletal Disorders, here there are far too many complications that; comes along with this disorder, for instance; one may develop carpal tunnel which makes it hard to hold things, or charcot foot with this complication one might develop a softening of the foot bones, or even still frozen shoulder, this makes it rather painful to move the shoulder and also causes restrictive movement of the shoulder. Financial Effects/Assistance in the Educational System: As with any disease or disability of this nature, the financial effect and assistance in the educational system are as such: the child may have excessive days missed from school, very limited mobility, coupled with the loss if his or her strength. Student who suffer from any of the above mentioned disorders should be paid close attention to because of the loss of the above mentioned.
*The Burden of Musculoskeletal Diseases in the United States:
One in two adults report a musculoskeletal condition requiring medical attention. Annual direct and indirect costs for bone and joint health are 950 billion – 7.4% of the gross domestic product. Musculoskeletal disorders and diseases are the leading cause of disability in the United States and account for more than one-half of all chronic conditions in people over 50 years of age in developed countries. The economic impact of these conditions is also staggering: For the years 2004-2006 the sum of the direct expenditures in health care costs and the indirect expenditures in lost wages has been estimated to be $950 billion dollars annually, or 7.4% of the national gross domestic product, (Bone and Joint Decade 2002).
Treatment Options:
Treatment options for Developmental Dysplasia, a doctor will treat this condition usually by moving the baby’s hip back into its socket and thereby helping to keep the hip in its proper place whip the hip continues to grow however, a splint may also be used but this is done in babies who are age 6 months or younger. There are other forms of treatment such as surgery or even a brace may be used in some cases.
Treatment options for Perthes Disease involves, a nonsurgical performance or treatment which includes, using and anti- inflammatory medication such as ibuprofen, which is used to help prevent inflammation, and may be stopped, but this will depend on how well the hip is healing.
Treatment options for Limb deficiencies depends largely on which limb is affected and to what extent, the bottom line is to get the limb in proper working condition. This disease can vary in children, while some may have this for only a short time others, may have this condition for the rest of their lives.
Treatment options for Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, for a small part of those juveniles who suffer from rheumatoid arthritis, aspirin may ease the pain but; for others there are other medicines that are designed to slow the progression of the disease.
Musculoskeletal Disorders treatment options will depend greatly on the severity its condition. Often times over the counter medications will help with pain and stiffness, but exercise will also help address the pain.
Rehabilitation:
While exercise might be the best therapy for some musculoskeletal disorders, such is not the case for those students who have curvature of the spine also have limited mobility and there for must be taken care of by their therapist as to not to hurt the student. Over the counter medications will help most how do have some forms of musculoskeletal disorders.
Appropriate Educational Interventions:
Teachers, who take the time to understand musculoskeletal disorders, are able to gain a great deal of information on the disease and the student who is afflicted. Those students who have curvature of the spine, and the other disease and disorders will require a bit more modifications not only in the curriculum as a hold but many adaptations in and around the school.
Teacher's Responsibilities:
To begin any appropriate individualized educational goal for a student with, curvature of the spine, hip condition(s), limb deficiency, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and musculoskeletal disorders, the teacher must first educate him or herself with the various characteristics of each. Any student, who goes to school with orthopedic and musculoskeletal disorder, requires the teacher be knowledgeable of the disability.
It is most important that the (IEP) team members of professionals work in unison to develop an appropriate individualized educational goal, this ensures that; the student will get a Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) in the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) as required by federal law (Eric Digest, n.d.).
It is suggested that; the teacher be the leader and that; he or she should, at the beginning of the school year, meet and address the needs of the student with a therapist, this is done in an effort to, accommodate the student(s) with such things as equipment. The teacher along with a therapist should begin with an equipment check, this helps to ensure if the equipment will be suitable for the students use, and if there should be any additional training that may be necessary for the staff members who will be involved with the student’s success.
Every teacher who will be involved in the training and education of a student with curvature of the spine, hip conditions, limb deficiency, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, and musculoskeletal disorder, should take time to review the students entire day at school, from his or her transportation to and from home, to a complete assessment of the surrounding environment up to and including the following: use of restroom, changing of diapers or clothing (when necessary), physical education, music, and all other classes.
Conclusion:
It does not matter what form of orthopedic and musculoskeletal disorder a student’s suffers, what does matter is that; every student be treated fairly, and it is the belief of the author that: we should need the federal government to tell us so or to do the right thing even when the right thing may be difficult to do. It is the job of the experienced teacher who in the end helps the student succeed no matter the disability.
Reference:
Bone and Joint Decade 2002,Retrieved on 10/25/2013. http://www.boneandjointburden.org/
Developmental Dysplasia, Retrieved on 10/23/2013. http://www.webmd.com/parenting/baby/tc/developmental-dysplasia-of-the-hip-topic-overview
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, Retrieved on 10/25/2013. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/juvenile-rheumatoid-arthritis/DS00018
Melia, Retrieved on 10/24/2013. http://www.medicalterm.com.au/Free%20Pdf%20notes/Medical%20Terminology%20Terms.pdf
Musculoskeletal Disorders, Retrieved on 10/25/2013. http://www.healthline.com/health/musculoskeletal-disorders
Pediatric Limb Deficiencies, Retrieved on 10/24/2013. http://www.childrenscolorado.org/pdf/pmr_spring04.pdf Perthes Disease, Retrieved on 10/23/2013.
http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00070