...Position Paper – The Pros and Cons of Animal Experimentation The Pros and Cons of Animal Experimentation Animal research has had a major role in many scientific and medical advances. It has both its advantages and disadvantages. “Moreover,” animal experimentation is an extremely controversial subject that has divided people into a group that either support animal testing or oppose it all together, and another that advocates the use of alternatives. There are many pros and cons when it comes to this subject. People all over the world have different opinions on weather animal lab testing is humane and necessary. Animal experimentation is unethical due to the practice of animal torture and suffering, animal choice and death of these animals. Animal experimentation (noun): any type of experiment performed on living animals, especially in order to test the effects of chemical compounds such as new drugs, cosmetics, food additives and pesticides (Animal experimentation, 2001). All over the world, people think differently on whether animal experimentation is an appropriate way to test medicines and products. Each year in the United States, an estimated 70 million animals are maimed, blinded, scalded, force-fed chemicals, genetically manipulated, and otherwise hurt and killed in the name of science, by private institutions, household product and cosmetics companies, government agencies, educational institutions, and scientific centers. Substances we use every day, such...
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...and Erasistratus (304-258 BC). Animals have been tested on for many years to find cures for humankind, but there are better and more humane ways of finding these cures, and these tests cause nothing but misery for the animals. Even so, there are a number of reasons that animal testing is a terrible idea. One of the main wrongs of animal testing is that it is inhumane. What it means is human beings killing other beings. In “Animal Experimentation And Testing: A Pro/Con Issue,” Geraldine Woods provides factual...
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...Animal Rights in Medical Research As the declaration of human right states that all human beings are free and equal in dignity and rights. The issue of whether or not to grant animal rights such as those that humans have is greatly disputed over years, but without success. Animal right is an extremely complicated issue that involves the question of animal intellect, animal rights groups, and the pros and cons of granting animals their rights. I have worked with and observed chimpanzees in early 2000 in a research lab in Alamogordo, NM as an animal caretaker and seen how these primates communicate with each other. I feel this subject is very important and I will be sharing my reflections, thoughts and experiences in this paper. Researchers all over the world, who have studied primates argue that these animals hold the capacity to communicate. The researchers go on to describe that a communication barrier is all that separates humans from animals. Chimpanzees are more superior on using their hand and feet than humans. I observed them using their hand to peel bananas, use hands and feet to swing, open doors and even had a water faucet sticking out of the wall with a button that they pressed to drink water. I also got a chance to see a chimp using sign language. This particular chimp in his early life was on TV and commercials, can walk upright, and was harmless. His owner decided to part ways due to the chimp’s age and turned him over to the research facility. They can...
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...The most common pros are: Animals are appropriate research subjects because they are similar to human beings in many ways. Chimpanzees share 99% of their DNA with humans, and mice are 98% genetically similar to humans. All mammals, including humans, are descended from common ancestors, and all have the same set of organs that function in essentially the same way with the help of a bloodstream and central nervous system. Thus, because animals and humans are so biologically similar, they are susceptible to many of the same conditions and illnesses, which include heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. Another ground breaking pro to Animal Testing is, Animal testing has contributed to many life-saving cures and treatments. The California Biomedical Research Association states that nearly every medical breakthrough in the last 100 years has resulted directly from research using animals. Experiments in which dogs had their pancreases removed led directly to the discovery of insulin, critical to saving the lives of diabetics. The polio vaccine, tested on animals, reduced the global occurrence of the disease from 350,000 cases in 1988 to 223 cases in 2012. Animal research has also contributed to major advances in understanding and treating conditions such as breast cancer, brain injury, childhood leukemia, cystic fibrosis, malaria,...
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...Medical Testing on Animals is Immoral For my persuasive essay I have chosen to argue why it is immoral to do medical testing on animals. History of testing on animal goes back to the Greeks in the 3rd and 4th centuries, with Aristotle and Erasistreatus being among the first to perform experiments on living animals. I feels it’s immoral to animals because over 100 million animals are dying just to find cures for diseases (Hajar). However, the consequences of medical testing on animals is that most of the animals are not covered by the Animal Welfare Act. The Animal Welfare Act is the only Federal law in the United States that regulates the treatment of animals in research and exhibition. Another consequence would be that most animal testing can mislead researchers with non -potential cures and treatments. The Food and Drug organization reports that just 92 out of each 100 medications that breeze through on creature tests come up short in people. This statement means most of the drugs tested on animal don’t even work on humans half the time. Next, "In the name of science", animal experiments globally are around 100 million experiments each year. Cats, dogs, rabbits, mice and other animals, no different to those we have as pets, are used in experiments. Animals are force-fed harmful substances, infected with lethal viruses, subjected to brain damage, heart attacks, stokes, cancers and ultimately killed. Several cosmetic tests commonly perform med on mice, rats, rabbits, and...
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...Tugas IMC Chapter 17: Public Relation, Publicity, and Corporate Advertising 1. As shown in the lead-in to this chapter, PETA is less successful in utilizing risque material to build awareness compared to the Breast Cancer Awereness Campaign. What do you think this is so? Whats should PETA do diffrently? 2. Some marketers consider corporate advertising waste of time and money. What are some of the reasons they feel this way? Take a position pro or con corporate advertising and defend it. Pro: * Cara yang tepat untuk menciptakan positioning perusahaan * Perusahaan, terutama yang menjual produk, sangat perlu untuk membangun image atau positioning di pasar. Dengan corporate advertising perusahaan dapat menginformasikan keunggulan atau kesuksesan perusahaan. * Dapat mengambil keuntungan dari manfaat adanya PR * Dengan adanya PR akan meningkatkan kesadaran konsumen * Menjangkau target market yang dituju * Target dari corporate image advertising tidak untuk semua kalangan masyarakan, melainkan lebih kepada investor dan manager. Sehingga tidak menjadi masalah jika public tidak mengerti atau tertarik dari apa yang disampaikan corporate image advertising, selama target mereka mengerti dan tertarik. Cons: * Seringkali dipertanyakan * Tidak ada bukti kuat yang mensupport keyakinan bahwa corporate advertising berpengaruh. * Konstitusional dan etika * Semakin besar perusahaan dan semakin banyak asset perusahaan, maka semakin besar pula kekuatan...
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...has the consumption levels. Just within the last few decades has the awareness for animal rights gained tons of popularity. PETA (People for Ethical Treatment of Animals) was created in 1980 and “Focuses its attention on the four areas in which the largest numbers of animals suffer the most intensely for the longest periods of time: on factory farms, in the clothing trade, in laboratories, and in the entertainment industry.” ([->0]) As the knowledge of animal cruelty becomes more popular , will people take action to ensure the lives of animals are protected against the way they are enslaved for food purposes? Animal rights activists and animal welfare organizations have slightly different beliefs and will both be discussed vs. people for animal experimentation and for food productions . Animal rights activists believe that “the rights to humane treatment claimed on behalf of animals, especially the right not to be exploited for human purposes” (The American Heritage Dictionary 2005). They also believe that humans and animals should have the same rights. The three major types of foods used for food consumption are the chickens, pigs and the cows. But there are definitely many others. “Every year in the United States over nine billion chickens are raised and slaughtered for their meat and over 285 million hens are raised for egg production (HSUS 2006). PETA has several videos on there website and one in particular shows a chicken farm where the chickens have grown so rapidly large...
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...Alex Kleemeier Erica Jones ENG 105 11-22-15 Stop Animal Testing in the Medical Field Lions and tiger and bears oh my. More like, monkeys and dogs and mice oh no. How does being poked, probed, opened up, burned, shocked and tortured all for the advancement of the medical field sound? Now think about all those things being done, knowing there is another way, which causes no agony, distress or discomfort to any living creature. Animal testing is a process or “tradition” that has been around for many, many years. The problem with this tradition in particular is that although it causes much pain to innocent animals and can be avoided, many choose to still use this practice today. Animals have been used as tools in biomedical research as early on as the days when Greek philosophers, such as Aristotle, were experimenting for their next scientific breakthrough. Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar), an Arab physician in twelfth century Moorish Spain, introduced animal testing as an experimental method for testing surgical procedures before applying them to human patients (Hajar 2011). Many research associations claim that animal testing has been used in almost every single medical breakthrough within the last one hundred years. Laws have been passed in several countries to make this practice more “humane.” In reality, these laws are the bare minimum and do not truly make a difference for the animals that are being used for experimentations. Animal testing in the medical field needs to dissolve and...
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...a risky business, but at least the people being tested on has volunteered and will be aware of the risks that could possibly await them. Also, even if tests with animals continue, there will always be a first human test subject after animal trials so there is no reason for testing animals. For example, the Food and Drug Administration reported, “92 percent of all drugs that are shown to be safe and effective in animal tests fail in human trials because they don’t work or are dangerous” (Alternatives to Animal Testing). With this information in mind, there are absolutely no benefits to animal testing anymore so any arguments saying otherwise are sadly incorrect. Looking at the facts, it is clear to see that the cons of animal testing absolutely outweighs the pros. Tests on animals do not aid mankind any longer so animals are being subjected to diseases and death for no reason. Since the tests are no longer leading to any kind of scientific advancements, animal experimentation needs to be eliminated in at least the United...
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...animal testing is one that should not be researched in a bias way. One must explore both and all sides of the argument to come to a valid conclusion. While I have yet to find a piece of writing that equally argues both sides of animal testing, the combined research I have done on both sides of the spectrum allows for a solid foundation for this discussion. These two stances on animal testing are opposite not only in position on the issue, but also in reasoning. The side for animal testing is reasoning on the means of science and research used to develop new medical treatment, while the side against animal testing is reasoning on the means of ethics and rights for animals. Taking into examination of the “pro” side of animal testing pertaining to medical progression as well as the “con” side of animal testing concerning the welfare of the animals, I have formulated what I recognize to be the truth about animal testing. Animal testing should only be allowed for certain valid medical...
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...meats from your diet you can take a crucial step towards a long life of health and happiness. “This is because a healthy vegetarian diet is typically low in fat and high in fiber. However a vegetarian diet can be high in fats that include an excessive amount of fatty snacks, fried foods, whole milk, dairy products, and eggs. Therefore a vegetarian diet like any other diet must be well planned in order to prevent certain diseases” (Brown Edu). Some of the leading killers in America today, include heart disease, cancer, obesity, and strokes, and they are directly linked to meat-based diets. Heart disease is the number one killer in America, which is caused by a buildup of cholesterol and saturated fat from animal products in the arteries. PETA states that the average began cholesterol level is 133 (compared to 210 for meat eaters); there is no documented cases of heart attacks in individuals with cholesterol under 150. There are other health benefits of being a vegetarian such as a lower blood pressure, increased energy, improved digestion and an...
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...Mrs. Newton English 102 24 April 2007 The Facts of Life One widely spread allegory comes to mind when considering the unrelenting pet overpopulation problem. The tale is the story about a group of friends having a picnic on a riverbank. Suddenly, the group hears the sound of crying and looks up, shocked to see a baby floating helplessly in the river. They immediately dive in to rescue the drowning baby. To their horror, the group notices another baby floating towards them. They rush to save that baby, but no sooner is that baby pulled to safety; they see another baby floating. By this time a vicious cycle has started and soon the river is full of drowning babies. Again and again, the group dives into the river, trying to save the seemingly endless flow of drowning babies. One of the people gets out of the river and begins running upstream. A friend shouts “Where are you going?” “I’m going to find out who is throwing the babies into the river and make them stop!” the heroic man yells back, as he runs upstream. The homeless animal problem is very similar to this fable. Animal shelters and rescue groups try hard to save the homeless animals in the “river”. However, this will never solve the problem. Millions of dogs and cats are killed annually as the result of unwanted, unplanned litters that could have been prevented by spaying and neutering. According to the...
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...BAB 11 StrategicLeadership and ChangeManagement Manajemen strategis adalah tentang kinerja organisasi dalam jangka panjang . Organisasi yang sukses tidak hanya mampu memenuhi kebutuhan pasar saat ini mereka ( s ) , tetapi juga mampu beradaptasi dengan perubahan kebutuhan pasar dengan strategi baru . Organisasi beroperasi dalam lingkungan yang semakin kompleks , di mana adaptasi terhadap perubahan lingkungan adalah suatu keharusan. Upaya oleh organisasi untuk menyelaraskan visi, misi , tujuan , kemampuan dan strategi dengan tren lingkungan eksternal benar-benar inti dari manajemen strategis . Banyak sarjana dan praktisi sepakat bahwa keberhasilan strategi organisasi dipengaruhi oleh tingkat kesesuaian antara kekuatan internal dan eksternalitas di macroenvironment tersebut . Proses ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh interpretasi pemimpin strategis membuat dari trends.3 lingkungan Ada sejumlah tema yang telah terus meresap pengajaran dan praktek manajemen strategis . Keempat paling dikutip adalah globalisasi , kelestarian lingkungan , hiperkompetisi , dan transformasi teknologi . Integrasi tema tersebut ke dalam kurikulum manajemen strategis telah berubah dari sebuah marjinal menerbitkan ke topik pusat - tahap diskusi. Hal ini telah menjadi praktek standar untuk menambahkan tema-tema ini dengan isi buku teks manajemen strategis . Untuk berhasil dalam era hiperkompetisi , globalisasi , perubahan lingkungan , dan revolusi teknologi , sangat penting bahwa organisasi bertindak cerdas...
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...International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 10, October 2014 ISSN 2250-3153 1 A Review Paper on Big Data and Hadoop Harshawardhan S. Bhosale1, Prof. Devendra P. Gadekar2 1 Department of Computer Engineering, JSPM’s Imperial College of Engineering & Research, Wagholi, Pune Bhosale.harshawardhan186@gmail.com 2 Department of Computer Engineering, JSPM’s Imperial College of Engineering & Research, Wagholi, Pune devendraagadekar84@gmail.com Abstract: The term ‘Big Data’ describes innovative techniques and technologies to capture, store, distribute, manage and analyze petabyte- or larger-sized datasets with high-velocity and different structures. Big data can be structured, unstructured or semi-structured, resulting in incapability of conventional data management methods. Data is generated from various different sources and can arrive in the system at various rates. In order to process these large amounts of data in an inexpensive and efficient way, parallelism is used. Big Data is a data whose scale, diversity, and complexity require new architecture, techniques, algorithms, and analytics to manage it and extract value and hidden knowledge from it. Hadoop is the core platform for structuring Big Data, and solves the problem of making it useful for analytics purposes. Hadoop is an open source software project that enables the distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of commodity servers. It is designed to...
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