...Holt Physics—Chapter 5: Work and Energy Price I. Section 5.1—Work A. Definition of work 1. Work does not mean the same thing in Physics as it does in the everyday sense of the word. 2. Work is defined as a force causing a displacement. Work = force x displacement W = Fd 3. Work is NOT done on an object unless the displacement is greater than zero 4. The only forces that are considered to do work are those that are parallel to the displacement. 5. For this reason we use our trigonometric functions to calculate forces applied at an angle. Insert Fig 5-2 6. Note that Θ is the angle between the applied force and the displacement. 7. Work is described in Newtons x meters (force x displacement). The unit of work is the Joule (J) 8. 1 Newton meter = 1 Joule 9. Work is a vector with both direction AND magnitude. This means WORK CAN BE NEGATIVE! 10. Negative work is most commonly used to slow an object down or decrease its velocity. II. Section 5-2: Energy A. Kinetic Energy 1. Kinetic energy is associated with an object in motion. 2. Kinetic energy depends on speed and mass Kinetic Energy = ½mv2 3. Kinetic energy is a scalar and will use Joules as...
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...Conservation of Energy Lab Purpose: To explore what happens to the gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, and total mechanical energy of a cart as it rolls down a ramp. Hypothesis: As a cart rolls down a ramp, then its kinetic energy increases because the cart gains speed. As a cart rolls down a ramp, then its gravitational potential energy decreases, because it gets closer to earths surface. As a cart rolls down a ramp, then its mechanical energy is constant, because the increase of kinetic energy and decrease of gravitational energy cancels each other out. Materials and apparatus: * Eye protection * Ramp * 3-4 textbooks or wood blocks * Meter stick * Motion sensor * Laboratory cart Procedure: 1) Propped up one end of a ramp using textbooks or wood blocks. Used a meter stick to measure the length of the ramp (L) and the height of the ramp (H). 2) Placed the motion sensor at the top of the ramp, directed toward the bottom. Released the cart from a position near the motion sensor. Obtained the position time graph of the cart as it rolled down the ramp away from the motion sensor. 3) Chose one point on the position-time graph near the end of the run. The position coordinate for this point represented the final position d2 and the reference point that was used to determine the height of the cart. This point did not change throughout the experiment. 4) The ramp itself formed a larger triangle and the displacement...
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...between Gravitational Potential Energy on Kinetic Energy at Various Locations of a Roller Coaster Respectfully Submitted to the Science Department Of Blanche Ely High School Gavin Frater Dr. Pedro Torres Anatomy and Physiology Period:1 Abstract Table of Contents 4.………………………………………………………………………………… Introduction 8………………………………………………………………………………….. Hypothesis 8………………………………………………………………………………….. Materials 8…………………………………………………………………………………... Procedures 10…………………………………………………………………………………. Results 11………………………………………………………………………..Discussion/ conclusion 12………………………………………………………………………………… Bibliography 13………………………………………………………………………………… A. Appendix Slowly, and sometimes, ever so slowly, a train of cars are being pulled up to the highest point of the roller coaster. Of course, one by one, the cars are pulled downhill until gravity takes over and push it all across the tracks. The way the roller coaster goes around is one of the best examples of how the conversion of gravitational potential energy to kinetic energy from the highest points. As the cars go up the track, it is acquiring the potential energy until the cars are at the highest point of the track. At this point, the cars have reached its maximum gravitational potential energy. Next as the cars go down the track, the potential energy is then changed to kinetic energy. Eventually the cars go up another hill and some of the kinetic energy is changed again to potential energy. This is the loop of energy conversions that go...
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...heat relate to the Kinetic of matter?” Heat is transferred into motion. This is done by kinetic matter. It moves at a rapid motion, making the heat that’s being transferred combine with the motion of atom and molecules. Therefore, matter takes on changes when heat is constantly being applied. For this reason, the process is called the kinetic theory. Heat takes on 3 stages and they are solid, liquids and gases. Solids forms there shape by arrangements of molecules. For example, ice has a shape but, changes when melting. Solids form around a fixed close position fitting making it stronger and Causing solids to maintain its shape. Liquids are closer together but, will change its form because space is provided. Gases are higher and 10 times the distance between that of solids and liquids. Therefore, allowing the particles to move freely and use the space available to them. “What is heat?” Heat can be describing that something that move between object when 2 objects of different temperature are brought together or energy transfer that move between object of different temperature (energy transfer). For example, when you rub your hand together, then you will feel the heat (warm) in center of your hand. There are two kind of energy. It’s call “External energy” and “Internal energy”. External energy is define as the total potential and kinetic energy of an everyday-sized object. Internal energy is the total kinetic and potential energy of the molecule of an...
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...4 Part 1: Friction Parabola Track 3a. Kinetic energy is the highest when the skate board has reached its lowest point. 3b. Kinetic energy is the lowest when in the middle of the drop. 4a. Potential energy is the highest when the skate board has reached the highest point. 4b. Potential energy is lowest when in the middle of the drop. 5a. Total energy is the highest when potential energy is at its highest point. 6. The value of thermal energy is 0 only when potential energy is highest. David Del Rio Physics PH 2530 Lab 4 Energy 04/06/2015 Part 1: Loop Track 8. When a skateboarder moves, what happens to the kinetic and potential energy? Conservative (closed) or non-conservative (open) system? - Kinetic energy rises as the skateboarder moves downward. -potential energy rises as the skateboarder moves up. - Non-Conservative 9. Where is the skateboarder at on the ramp when he reaches the maximum point of potential energy? 4546.93 11. m = 76./kg The skateboarders mass = 76 kg 12a. calculated mass = 76 kg 12b. Actual mass 75 kg 12c. Comparison = .98% 13. When the coefficient is adjusted half way the kinetic energy decreases to 0 as to the potential energy decreases and finally stabilizes. - This is a closed system. Part 2: Friction Parabola Track 2a. kinetic energy is highest when the skaters’ board is at the lowest point 2b. in the middle of the drop the kinetic energy is highest. 3a. potential energy is the highest when the skaters’ board is...
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...Introduction: For one to learn from this lab, one must know what Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy are and the relation to each other. Potential Energy is stored energy, which would be in an object that is not moving, and Kinetic Energy is energy in motion, which would be in any moving object. One would also need to know the Law of Conservation and Energy. This law states that Energy cannot be created or destroyed, which only God can do, but can change forms. Problem: What factors affect energy transfer in a bouncing ball? Objective: The purpose of this lab is to find the factors that affect energy in a bouncing ball and identify their significance. Hypothesis: We think that as the drop height increases that the ball height will Increase...
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...The phenomena that occurs throughout the Super Crazy Cleaner Helper is the several different energy transformations that occur in order to get the marble into the water bottle. The machine begins with closing the medical book then the pieces are falling over and hitting the Kinect machine. Then the Kinect machine then hits the ball the ball which that goes down the incline plane and smacks into the platform that sends the marble into the tube. tomorrow then hit the puppy fake puppy gets dominos and the dominos hit the box which makes Marble Falls and into the tunnel that leads to the water bottle. One the phenomena in the Super Crazy Cleaner Helper is the energy transformation. For example potential energy to kinetic energy first...
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...many loops and twists, is enough to keep one’s adrenaline pumping. But what is the secret of the roller coaster? How is it possible for it to work this way? The answer is science. Many may not know, but science, specifically physics, has a lot to do with roller coasters. The roller coaster is actually powered by many types of energy: mechanical, potential, and kinetic. Mechanical energy is ‘the energy acquired by the objects upon which work is done.’ (Definition of Mechanical Energy). Potential energy is ‘energy possessed by an object because of its height above the ground’ (Definition of Potential Energy). Kinetic energy is ‘the energy of motion’ (Definition of Kinetic Energy)....
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...PHS 101 Exam Review for Chapters 3, 4, & Gases Chapter 3 Objectives 1. Define work and calculate for a given situation. 2. Recognize the units for work. 3. Define energy and understand its relation to work. 4. Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy. 5. Calculate the kinetic and potential energy of an object or body. 6. State the law of conservation of energy. 7. State the law of conservation of mechanical energies and apply to freely-falling objects. 8. Define power and calculate for a given situation. 9. Recognize the units for power. 10. Identify the various forms of energy and recognize examples of each. 11. Distinguish between alternative energy sources and renewable energy sources and identify examples of each. Chapter 4 Objectives 1. Identify the major points of the kinetic molecular theory. 2. Distinguish between temperature and heat. 3. Define thermometer. 4. Describe the principle behind which bimetallic and liquid-in-glass thermometers work. 5. Give the b.p. and f.p. of water in all systems of measurement (oC, oF, K). 6. Relate the size of a single oF, oC, and K degree to each other. 7. Convert from one temperature to another. 8. Describe the relation between heat and molecular kinetic energy. 9. Recognize the units of heat. 10. Describe the thermal expansion properties of substances. 11. Define specific heat and latent heats (Lv and Lf) and use to calculate heat changes for a substance. 12. Define the three methods of...
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...The potential energy stored in chemical bonds holding the object together. Chemical energy is released due to chemical reaction. It is a type of potential energy. Chemical energy is stored within the bonds of the atoms and molecules that make up a substance. Once chemical energy is released from a substance, the substance is transformed into a new substance. Chemical energy is stored inside a substance or object until it is involved in a chemical reaction. Our bodies use chemical energy to perform daily functions. Cooking is a good example of a chemical reaction that releases chemical energy. Batteries and explosives are other examples of objects that contain stored chemical energy. There are six basic types of chemical reactions: combustion, synthesis, single displacement, decomposition, double displacement, and acid-base. During combustion, chemical energy in the form of heat is released when oxygen combines with other substances to form water and carbon dioxide. Example: Magnesium and oxygen react to produce heat and light energy. The potential energy stored in chemical bonds holding the object together. Chemical energy is released due to chemical reaction. It is a type of potential energy. Chemical energy is stored within the bonds of the atoms and molecules that make up a substance. Once chemical energy is released from a substance, the substance is transformed into a new substance. Chemical energy is stored inside a substance or object until it is...
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...Rockets use Energy Rockets use and convert energy many times while operating. First of all, energy is the ability to do work or to organize or change matter. That energy is what moves the rocket. But first the energy starts out in the rocket fuel, as chemical potential energy. Potential energy is stored energy that is in an object due to the positioning of its parts. In model rocket engines, the fuel is made out of pressed black powder. The fuel is stored in a cartridge, which gets placed in the bottom of the rocket. Chemical potential energy changes into heat when the engine is ignited, turning the potential energy into kinetic energy which is energy in the form of motion. Heat is kinetic energy because heat is how fast atoms in an object vibrate, which is motion. When the rocket fuel ignites, it expands. When the heat is created, the fuel becomes a gas and expands out the bottom of the rocket. The force pushing down pushes the rocket in the opposite direction, up. Isaac Newton’s 3rd law of motion explains this reaction: “Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.” That means that when you push down, you will go up. When the expanding gas pushes the rocket up, the gas loses energy, and the rocket gains kinetic energy. This is because a force that changes an object's motion gives that object energy. When a rocket engine starts firing, it starts accelerating, which causes it to gain more kinetic energy. When an object’s speed increases, its kinetic energy also increases...
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...How can energy be converted from one form to another? All forms of energy can be converted to another form of. For example: A pendulum is an object is suspended by a string or wire for support. If the object is moved to one side and then released, it will swing back and forth in an arc. At that moment the object reaches the top of its swing, it stops for an instant, and then begins another swing. At that instant of stopping, the object has 100 percent potential energy and no kinetic energy. The object starts back down through the swing, the object is gaining kinetic energy and losing potential energy. At the instant the object is at the bottom of the swing, it has 100 percent kinetic energy and no potential energy. As the object climbs through the other half of the arc, it is gaining potential energy and losing kinetic energy until it again reaches an instantaneous stop at the top, and the process starts over. The kinetic energy of the object at the bottom of the arc is equal to the potential energy it had at the top of the arc. Disregard the friction, the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy remains constant throughout the swing. The fossil fuels are objects that are decomposed over a period of time. The fossil fuels are usually having lots of carbon which is produced into natural gas, coal and petroleum. Fossil fuels also have lower numbers of carbons and create methane. The fossil fuels are an attractive source because they can be burned and create more enough energy...
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...Law of Conservation of Energy: Statement: The law of conservation of energy states that the total amount of energy in a system remains constant ("is conserved"), although energy within the system can be changed from one form to another or transferred from one object to another. Gravitational Potential Energy: Definition: Gravitational potential energy is energy an object possesses because of its position in a gravitational field. Kinetic Energy: Definition: Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. An object that has motion - whether it is vertical or horizontal motion - has kinetic energy. There are many forms of kinetic energy - vibrational (the energy due to vibrational motion), rotational (the energy due to rotational motion), and translational (the energy due to motion from one location to another). Elastic Potential Energy: Definition: Elastic potential energy is Potential energy stored as a result of deformation of an elastic object, such as the stretching of a spring. It is equal to the work done to stretch the spring, which depends upon the spring constant k as well as the distance stretched. After defying of relevant theoretical terms here I am mentioning little comments on the given query. A real life example for conservation of energy is a ball falling from a building. The total mechanical energy is sum of equal to kinetic energy with addition of gravitational potential energy at different periods of time and height. The K.E. and G.P.E. is changing but...
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...The temperture of a system is to some extent a measure of the kinetic energy of the molecules in the system. Thus the lower the kinetic energy, the lower the temperature of the system and , likewise, the higher the kinetic energy, the greater the temperature of the system. Increases in the temperature of a system results from increases in the kinetic energy of the system. This has several effects on the rates of reactions. 1) More energetic collisions When molecules collide, the kinetic energy of the molecules can be converted into chemical potential energy of the molecules. If the chemical potential energy of the molecules become great enough, the activation energy of a exergonic reaction can be achieved and a change in chemical state will result. Thus the greater the kinetic energy of the molecules in a system, the greater is the resulting chemical potential energy when two molecules collide. As the temperature of a system is increased it is possible that more molecules per unit time will reach the activation energy. Thus the rate of the reaction may increase. 2) The number of collisions per unit time will increase. In order to convert substrate into product, enzymes must collide with and bind to the substrate at the active site. Increasing the temperature of a system will increase the number of collisions of enzyne and substrate per unit time. Thus, within limits, the rate of the reaction will increse. 3) The heat of the molecules in the system will increase...
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...Name: Julius Tubbs Date: March 20, 2015 Instructor’s Name: Mohamad Termos Assignment: SCI103 Phase 5 Lab Report TITLE: Potential and Kinetic Energy INSTRUCTIONS: Enter the Virtual Lab and conduct the experiments provided. Please type your answers on this form. When your lab report is complete, submit it to the Submitted Assignments area of the Virtual Classroom. Part I – Answer the following questions while in the Phase 5 lab environment. Section 1 – From the left of the screen to the right, the red balls have a center of mass placed at 20 feet, 15 feet, and 10 feet high respectively. 1. Suppose each red ball weighs 20 lbs. Find the potential energy (PE) for each ball on each ramp. In this lab mass is given in pounds and height is in feet, so use 32.2 ft/sec2 as the gravitational constant. Your answer will be in foot-pounds since US units are being used. PE = m g h where g = 32.2 ft/sec2 Ramp 1: 12880 Ramp 2: 9660 Ramp 3: 6440 2. Predict the maximum speed (velocity) of each ball on each ramp. How would this speed change if each ball’s mass was doubled? ASSUMPTION: assume there is no friction and that all the potential energy you calculated in question 1 is transformed into kinetic energy – PE = KE. Use the following equation. KE= ½ m v2 You want to calculate v maximum speed v = [KE/ ½ m]½ This means divide the KE by half the mass and then take the square root. | Max v for 20 lb. ball | Max v for 40 lb. ball...
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