...Comparisons of Childhood Depression Measures Depressive disorders are now recognized as a relatively prevalent problem in adolescents as it is one of the causes of morbidity and mortality in this age group (Birmaher, et al., 1996). Thus initial detection of depression should be as early as possible in order to mitigate the impact of the disorder in an individual’s life by positively amending the long-term course of depression. Current research of depression in adolescents have introduced various assessment tools in diagnosing the disorder in children and adolescents. However, determining the most appropriate measure of depression involves several considerations rather than merely selecting one as a test that lacks compatibility in its reliability and validity may result to a false positive or false negative diagnosis (Reynolds & Mazza, 1998). This paper aims to draw on three self-report assessments for depression in adolescents, naming the Child Depression Inventory (CDI), Beck’s Depression Inventory 2nd Edition (BDI-II) and Reynold’s Adolescents Depression Scale (RADS) in reviewing, comparing and contrasting their psychometric properties. Conclusion on the most appropriate assessment for depression in adolescents will be drawn. Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) CDI was originally adapted from Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) by altering its format and language, to measure severity of depression in children age 7 and older (Brooks & Kutcher, 2001). CDI...
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...relevance of psychometric properties in psychological testing. Psychometric properties assist a therapist in measuring the mental factors or skills that a client possesses in order to complete certain mental tasks. These factors may influence the ways in which the clients react or the ways in which they perform in certain situations. These types of tests are extremely important to the testing process because they allow the researcher to determine how to provide the treatment and interventions that are best suited to their clients needs. In order to develop an appropriate treatment plan and appropriate interventions the effective school counsleor will need to measure the students ' strengths and weaknesses, assess behaviors and attitudes to certain factors as well as take into account the students personal traits, environment and hereditary factors. Psychometric properties call for the measuring and assessment of all of these factors. Reliability and Validity are essential to assessing a client's behavior in the field of counseling. Internal consistent reliablity is an estimating reliabilty method which measures the consistency of results across the spectrum of items within a test. In essence, this method divides the testing instrument and correlates the scores to determine whether the scores are consistent, or whether there is lack or error within the instrument (Whiston, 2013). Internal consistency measures how closely related the items on a test measure the same thangs...
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...Rationale: 4 Personnel, Training, Administration, and Scoring Requirements: 5 Population Used to Develop Measure 5 What Are The Symptoms Of An Anxiety Attack? 5 The Beck Anxiety Inventory of the 21 most common symptoms: 5 Scoring: 6 Interpretation of score 6 Psychometric Properties: 7 Reliability: 7 Validity 7 Advantages: 8 Disadvantages: 9 Suggested Uses: 9 Beck Anxiety Inventory used in Pakistani Settings 10 2. Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS) 11 Rating: 11 Purpose 11 Use in the field 12 Scale 12 Scoring 12 Criteria for interpretation 12 Versions 12 Psychometric Properties 13 Applied in different researches 14 3. Hamilton Depression Scale 15 Description/Purpose 15 Use in the field 15 Scale 16 Criteria for interpretation 16 Psychometric properties 16 Applied in different researches 18 Correlations among Depression Rating Scales and A Self-Rating Anxiety Scale In Depressive Outpatients 18 Limitations 19 4. Adaptive Behavior Assessment System Second Edition 19 Rationale: 20 What’s New in ABAS–II 20 ABAS–II Rating Forms 21 Scores Reported 22 Sample Items: 22 Psychometric Properties: 23 Standardization 23 Validity 25 Advantages of Using ABAS–II 25 Adaptive behaviour assessment system in Pakistan: 26 5. Symptom Assessment-45 26 Purpose: 26 Description: 26 SA-45 Scales: 27 Psychometric properties: 28 Reliability and Validity: 28 Norms: 29 Research in Pakistani context: 30 Diagnostic Testing ...
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...Running Head: PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT 1 Personality Assessment Instrument Tabatha Johnson Measurement and Statistics/525 February 18, 2013 Dr. Christie Seiler, Psy.D. PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT 2 Abstract It has been proven that the Stanford Binet test has helped diagnosed developmental disabilities and is very useful in clinical and neurological assessment on identifying intellectually deficient children. This paper will describe the characteristics, uses, and purposes of identifying intellectually deficient children. Analyzing the personality relationships of Cognitive Thinking with intellectually deficient children. Summarizing and differentiate diagnostically the targeted population of the intellectually deficient children. Identifying the psychometric properties of the Stanford Binet test for the particular population of the intellectually deficient children. Finally concluding with two review literatures, The Family Education Rights & Privacy Act and APA guidelines for development, administration and scoring and interpretation of tests for ethical consideration associated with the Stanford-Binet testing. PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT 3 Stanford-Binet Personality Assessment Test The Stanford-Binet Personality Assessment Test was developed in France to initiate the modern field in intelligence testing. This test was revised in the United...
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...Talent Acquisition & Retention Asignment-2 Psychometric tools Used in 1. Psychometric Tests: Psychometric testing is a commonly used assessment tool. It is often used for professional and managerial roles and can be administered using paper and pencil, and online. Timing, instructions, content, scoring and interpretation are all standardised. Psychometrics can provide a range of information about an individual from how effectively they process numerical information to how they are likely to behave when put in a challenging situation. Psychometric assessment looks at a candidate’s: * Aptitude – problem solving skills; dexterity; verbal and numerical ability; abstract and mechanical reasoning * Personality traits / work style – assertiveness, reaction under pressure, communication skills * Motivation – energy, drive and job satisfaction factors * Long-term potential How can employers use psychometric tests effectively? Employers must pay attention to all the stages of test use in order to get the most from psychometrics. This begins with decisions about whether or not to use a psychometric test, how they actually select the right one and, finally, how they go about...
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...DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY IPS 704 – 2012 PSYCHOMETRICS – ASSIGNMENT 1 LECTURER: Mr R Oliver DUE DATE: 26 April 2012 STUDENT 1: Jodine Hoffmann : 2038038 STUDENT 2: Nonstikeleo Mokoena : 3158789 STUDENT 3: Shafeeqah Jacobs : 2561402 STUDENT 4: Simone` Juganath : 3158797 PLAGARISM DECLARATIONI hereby declare that: | YES | NO | a. | I have perused and understood the relevant sections relating to plagiarism, citation and referencing; | √ | | b. | I know that plagiarism is wrong; | √ | | c. | I did not attempt to present the ideas of another as if they were my own; | √ | | d. | I did not attempt to represent the words or work of another as if they were my own; | √ | | e. | I did not utilize the ideas, words or work of another without acknowledgement; | √ | | f. | I did not use the printed text, electronic text, images, computer programme, sound, performance or creative works of another without proper acknowledgement; | √ | | g. | Where I engaged with group of student to create a particular piece of work, the work correctly reflected the contribution made (where a single piece of work is collected generated, all of the group carries the responsibility for that piece of work); | √ | | h. | I have not allowed, and will not allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as his or her own work. | √ | | i. | I have not copied another person’s assignment, essay or take-home test or any part thereof...
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...Psychological Assessment PYC 4807 Assignment 1 Unique number: 553283 IRMA VISAGIE Student number: 42056829 Open Rubric 2 Table of Content Pages 1. Introduction p4 Section A 2. Steps in developing a measure p4 2.1 The planning phase p4 2.1.1 Specify the aim of the measure 2.1.2 Define the content of the measure 2.1.3 Develop the test plan 2.2 Item writing p7 2.2.1 Write the items 2.2.2 Review the items 2.3 Assemble and pre-test the experimental version of the measure p8 2.3.1 Arrange the items 2.3.2 Finalise the length 2.3.3 Answer protocols 2.3.4 Develop administration instruction 2.3.5 Pre-test the experimental version of the measure 2.4 The item-analysis phase p9 2.4.1 Classical test-theory item analysis: Determine item difficulty (p) 2.4.2 Classical test-theory item analysis: Determine discriminating power 2.4.3 Item response theory (IRT) 2.4.4 Identify items for final pool 2.5 Revise and standardise the final version of the measure p 11 2.5.1 Revise the items and test 2.5.2 Select items for the final version 2.5.3 Refine administration instructions and scoring procedures 2.5.4 Administer the final version 2.6 Technical evaluation and establishing norms 2.6.1 Establish validity and reliability 2.6.1.1 Reliability 2.6.1.2 Validity 2.6.2 Establish norms, set performance standards or cut-scores p 11 3 2.7 Publish and refine continuously p 15 2.7.1 Compile the test manual 2.7.2 Submit the measure for classification 2.7.3 Publish and market the measure...
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...Assessment Tool Analysis Dorcas NUR/440 March 26, 2012 Vicki Clithero Assessment Tool Analysis Assessment is an important aspect of nursing care; it is the first phase of the nursing process. Assessment involves gathering information or data about and related to the patient. Data collected include physiological, psychological, environmental, sociocultural, economical, spiritual, developmental history of the patient. Data may be objective or subjective. Objective data refer to the measurable and observable signs, e.g. the patient’s facial expression, gait, pulse rate, heart rate, blood pressure, color, warmth, etc. Subjective data are obtained from the patient; and they are the patient’s account of his or her feelings, needs, and strength. Data are obtained by physical examination and by interviewing the patient, family, friends, and other health care providers. Assessment tools are used during the assessment phase of the nursing process to identify areas of actual or potential problems that need further exploring; they are developed to pinpoint areas of health issues with the aim of promoting, improving, and maintaining the health of the individual. The three assessment tools chosen for this paper are: Social Support Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, and Perceived Stress Scale. Social Support Questionnaire Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ) is an assessment tool that measures individual evaluation of social support that may be available to them in case...
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...chemical imbalance. Although some forms of depression are inherited, individuals without a prior family history of depression can also experience it. Throughout one’s lifespan different risk factors, such as life changing events or traumatic experiences, can lead to episodic depression, which is normal in most cases. Others may experience chronic severe depression with extreme, debilitating symptoms, which are at higher risk of suicide. During the early development of psychology, depression was not initially viewed as a psychological disorder. Due to the evolution of psychology as a science, psychologists have a more profound understanding of how one’s biological and environmental factors affect one’s moods, behaviors, and overall health. Today, depression is a commonly diagnosed and treated psychological disorder. Professionals have developed various psychological tests and measurements to effectively diagnose and treat depression. One commonly used tool to measure depression is the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale or HDRS. Summarize selected articles The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was created to help determine patient levels of depression. The information collected was used during, before or after a patient’s treatment. According to (Bagby &.Ryder, 2004) “The author’s tries to determine whether continued use of the Hamilton Rating Scale is justifiable.” Since the scale was originally developed in the 1950’s to assess it’s effectiveness on antidepressents, it became a...
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...workplace. (Sanz et al., 2006) The PAPI-N was originally designed by Dr Max Kostick in the 1960’s, based on Murray’s need-press theory of psychogenic needs, which is one of the most influential theories in personality psychology (The British Psychological Society, 2006). According to Murray, our personalities are a reflection of behaviours controlled by needs. Some of those needs are temporary and change constantly, while other needs are deeply founded in our nature. Murray suggested that these psychogenic needs function on the unconscious level, but play a major role in our personality. (About.com, 2013). Dr. Kostick original idea was to create a tool that could be used by non-psychologist, and because of that he avoided the use of clinical terminology in the interpretation. PAPI was originally conceived as an ipsative test for use as a counselling and discussion tool. After several revisions, PAPI has extended its application and now there are two versions of the PAPI, the PAPI-I, which is an ipsative version, and the PAPI-N, which is a normative version. This is the suitable one for a work environment, where there is a need to make judgements about a person in order establish comparison with others. The assessment indicates how an individual is likely to react in a given work or team situation. PAPI-N maps out an individual’s personality, providing valuable information about their preferences and typical behaviour at work. This allows HR professionals to assess...
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...to the challenges faced by psychological and, specifically, neuropsychological assessment. Their study focused on a preliminary standardisation of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (a non-verbal measure) for Setswana-speaking university students. The US normative sample is described as participants (N = 899) aged 18 to 29 years who were screened beforehand to exclude individuals with a history of neurological, learning, emotional and attention difficulties. The South African sample consisted of university students (N = 93) from both genders, between the ages of 18 and 29, who were screened in terms of hearing and visual impairments and any history of psychiatric or neurological difficulties. These students were from the University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus. Critically evaluate the South African normative sample by answering questions 1 and 2. Question 1 There are similarities and differences between the South African and the original norm sample. Given the purpose of the test, which characteristic(s) implies/imply that the local sample is appropriate? (1) age (2) absence of hearing and visual impairments (3) absence of psychiatric and neurological difficulties (4) all of the above Question 2 Which unique characteristic would probably have the greatest effect on the performance of the local sample in comparison to the original norm sample? (1) age (2) hearing or visual impairments (3) language Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (a non-verbal measure) (4) culture Gradidge...
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...Page 181 Psychological measurements: their uses and misuses 8 ‘Measure all that can be measured and render measurable all that defies measurement.’ Galileo Galilei ‘Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that can be counted counts.’ Albert Einstein The words ‘test’ and ‘measurement’, as used in psychology, are misleading because of the implied similarity to scientific measurements and medical tests. Conventional psychological testing is quite different from scientific measurements in natural sciences. What is accomplished by the application of psychological measurement is an estimation of a psychological construct. Psychological tests and measurements of personality, intelligence, attitude and motivation are fundamentally different from quantitative measurements in physical sciences such as height, weight and blood urea. Paul Kline, one of the foremost exponents of psychometric theory clarifies the issue as follows: ‘There are no units of [psychological] measurement and no true zeros. Whatever psychological measurement is, it is not scientific measurement as defined in natural sciences ... If we consider what is meant by intelligence or extraversion, just for example, it is by no means clear what units of measurement might be used or what the true zero may mean. This problem applies to the majority of psychological concepts and variables’ (Kline, 2000). Besides, it is often mistakenly believed that psychological tests are ‘objective’...
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...Matthew Psychological Assessment PYC4807 Assignment 02 858953 Declaration I, the undersigned, hereby declare that this is my own personal work, except where the work(s) or publications of others have been acknowledged by means of reference techniques. I have read and understood tutorial letter PSYHONM/301/0/2013 regarding technical and presentation requirements, referencing techniques and plagiarism. Matthew Table of contents This essay looks at the process you would follow in developing a psychological assessment measure. To better understand how this is achieved this paper will examine the principles of psychometric theory and how they are used to develop a psychological measure. To achieve this one must look at norm-referenced and criterion-referenced measures, the process used to develop a psychological measure, and the principles of reliability and validity. Norms When attempting to examine and understand what goes in to developing a psychological measure, one must first understand why psychological measures are used. In psychology psychological measures are used to measure characteristics of an individual, or a group of individuals, and compare them to others. However, when trying to measure an individual’s characteristics and compare them to others, one must first understand that there are different tests used to compare the results of these tests. These are referred to as norm-referenced tests and criterion-referenced tests. As Roodt explains, “with...
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...Psychological Measure Paper Psy 475 May 18, 2015 Psychological Measure Paper It is well known fact that people suffer from various kinds of depression. They might be from some health problems that they have developed and some issues associated with factors that are attributed to the way they feel about themselves. There are many ways to measure depression or how to scale it on the degrees of danger. In our Paper we are analyzing depressions psychological measures. The measure that is analyzed by us is the Depression Inventory for adolescents. The Depression Inventory for adolescents is an auto- report tool that employs a twenty seven item questions. We will be choosing 2 articles that explain the use of the Depression Inventory for adolescents. In our paper, we will be describing who are qualified for administering and interpreting the setting and measure. This means academic, counseling or occupational in which we optimize the usage of the measure. At the end of our paper, we will classify among the populations for whom the Depression Inventory for adolescents is valid or not valid as a psychological measure. Article One Becks Depression Inventory is used to measure many different depression circumstances. Above it (what is it?) discusses how the inventory is used and the measurement of how deep depression can go based on Becks inventory. The following article on Becks Depression Inventory involves the connection between two epidemics including depressiveness among...
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...Anxiety Scores of Informal Caregivers Theresa A. Patterson Mount Aloysius College Abstract Informal caregivers, or family members who provide care to their physically or cognitively impaired relatives, are leading providers of services to elderly individuals. However, caregivers frequently experience symptoms of depression, stress and anxiety. Also, caregivers may suffer from physical or psychological distress as a result of these symptoms. The author examined the effects of depression, stress and anxiety and suggested an assessment instrument to gauge levels of anxiety. In addition, strengths and limitations of this approach were delineated. The author hypothesized that caregivers would exhibit higher anxiety scores than non-caregivers. This hypothesis was tested by comparing a group of informal caregivers to a group of non-caregivers. Furthermore, recommendations for reduction of stress and anxiety symptoms were made. Anxiety Scores of Informal Caregivers Family members of elderly, impaired individuals in the United States provide the majority of necessary daily care for their relatives (Sheehan & Nuttall, 1988). These caregivers may be described as informal: individuals who provide unpaid care to a friend or family member out of love and respect for the impaired person (George & Gwyther, 1986). Unfortunately, many caregivers reported significant stress, depression and anxiety (Sheehan & Nuttall, 1988). Research demonstrated a correlation...
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