...| Assignment Cover Sheet |[pic] | |STUDENT NAME |STUDENT NUMBER | |Erin Storr |265817 | |POSTAL ADDRESS | |16 Candle Cres, CABOOLTURE, QLD | |POSTCODE |PHONE | |4510 |(07) 5428 2759 or 0429 291 133 | |EMAIL | |ERIN.STORR@students.cdu.edu.au | |UNIT NAME | |Torts ...
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...gradually explain how audience, purpose, and context can affect an argument. Notice it or not arguments take place in our everyday lives, as ridiculous as it may sound it is absolutely true. Some people believe that arguments can better be solved through verbal altercations and fist fights, however a successful argument is one that is calm collective and appropriate. An argument is affected by the audience, purpose, and context. There are two different types of arguments traditional argument and consensual argument. A traditional argument is having proof of what you are arguing so that you can target your audience members to agree with the side of the argument that you are on. Some examples of a traditional argument are public debate, courtroom argument, single-perspective argument and one-on-one everyday argument. A consensual argument is when the possibility of an argument is brought about by arguers who acknowledge different points of view and work to identify a combination of views that are acceptable to the majority of the audience members. Some examples of a consensual argument are dialectic, academic inquiry, negotiation and mediation, and internal argument. In order for an argument to be successful it needs to have an issue which is the problem or situation of which the argument is about. A successful argument must also have an arguer it can be one or more people who have different perspectives of whatever the subject may be. A successful argument must also include an audience...
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...(Business) 2 Purpose • What is the value of a good introduction to your research paper? 3 Purpose • What is the value of a good introduction to your research paper? To grab the reader’s attention? 4 Purpose • What is the value of a good introduction to your research paper? To provide an overview of what is to come? 5 Possible features of introductions • • • • • • • • Statement to generate interest Relevant background information Definition of key terms Main purpose/argument of the paper Mention of mainly referenced authors Indication of research methods and results Indication of the viewpoint taken The structure/organisation of the paper 6 Example sentences “A recession is a temporary decrease in trade and industrial activity. In this paper, the common specific definition of a fall in GDP in two successive quarters will be used.” Statement to generate interest Relevant background information Definition of key terms Main purpose/argument of the paper Mention of mainly referenced authors Indication of research methods and results Indication of the viewpoint taken The structure/organisation of the paper 7 Example sentences “A recession is a temporary decrease in trade and industrial activity. In this paper, the common specific definition of a fall in GDP in two successive quarters will be used.” Statement to generate interest Relevant background information Definition of key terms Main purpose/argument of the paper...
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...The teleological argument Teleological arguments are often divided into types by philosophers; 1. Arguments based on purpose 2. Arguments based on regularity Thomas Aquinas 1. When you look at the natural world, you can see that everything in it follows natural laws, even if the things are not conscious, thinking being. 2. If things follow natural laws they tend to do well and have some goal or purpose. 3. However, if a thing cannot think for itself it does not have any goal or purpose unless it is directed by something that thinks: take an arrow as an example. It can only be directed to its goal and used for its purpose by someone, such as an archer. 4. Conclusion: everything in the natural world that does not think for itself heads towards its goal or purpose because it is directed by something which does think. That something we call ‘God’. William Paley Part 1. 1. Paley suggests that if you went for a walk and found a rock, you could conclude that it had been there forever and not think any more about it. Whereas if you found a watch (an old fashioned watch with cogs and springs) you could examine it and find that it had moving parts which demonstrate that: (a) The watch was for a purpose: telling the time (b) The parts work together or are fit for a purpose (c) The parts were ordered and put together in a certain way to make the watch function (d) If the parts are arranged in a different way the watch does not work, i.e. it does not fulfil...
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...Explain Paley’s Teleological argument (25) According to the argument from design, or teleological argument, the design or order found in the universe provides evidence for the existence of an intelligent designer (or orderer) usually identified as God. A classic version of this argument appears in William Paley's 1802 Natural Theology, where Paley compares the complexity of living things to the inferior complexity of a watch that we deduce to be designed by an intelligent being. Just as a watch could not exist without a watchmaker, Paley argued, living things could not exist without an intelligent designer. The teleological or design argument is a derivative of the Greek word Telos which means end, goal or purpose. It is this end or purpose that Paley is looking for that suggests the existence of a divine creator. Aquinas’ fifth way ‘From the governance of things’ or design qua regularity argument (qua meaning through or pertaining to) foregrounding the argument for design, observed the universe and saw that everything in the universe appeared to be working in some sort of order. In particular he noticed that ‘natural bodies’ behaved in a regular way. Here Aquinas addresses flowers or insects - One could use the example of a daffodil that flowers in spring time. He then goes on to evaluate the fact that these natural bodies ‘lack intelligence’ - they are not conscious or sentient beings of their own movement, yet even so they appear to move or act in regular fashion - as...
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...organization that threatens public interest * Whistleblowing has high stakes * Moral conflicts on several levels whether to speak out about abuses or risks or serious neglect * Things to consider? - ARGUMENTS * Is speaking out in fact in the public interest * Does speaking out, outweigh the his responsibilities against his colleagues and institution he works for * If 1 and 2 are valid, what about the fear ot the results * Can be threatened to undergo psychiatric fitness test, declared unfit, fired etc, marked as crazy * Like all dissent, whistleblowing makes public a disagreement with an authority or a majority view. * Dissent, breach of loyalty and accusation. Is there ways to find alternatives in-order not to breach these things? * You could be harming something bigger by being a whistle blower * Most important question, whether the existing avenues for change within the organization have been explored * Whistleblowing should be last alternative because of its destructive side affects, only chose when all other things are considered and rejected. * Does it infringe personal or private matters that we have no right to invade. Animal Rights – 135-164 * 200 million animals were used for scientific purposes * in the name of improving the quality of human life * vivisection is to dissect it, to cut it and while it is alive * 3 major areas of science in which animals are routinely used * biological...
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...gaining popularity?” both sides of the argument are presented, however the con argument is stronger. Both sides of the article have different purposes. In addition, the pro’s author, Justin Haskins, has fishy credentials, while Whitt Flora’s are solid. Furthermore, Justin has one okay point supported by studies, but Whitt has many, very logical, science proved and good points. While Justin Haskins has a good argument, Whitt Flora’s is stronger in the article. Both sides of the controversy in this article have different purposes. Haskins’ purpose of the article is to open people up to the idea of self-driving cars. One way his writing shows this is by using an often complained about problem and it’s solution to write his side of the controversy. This would open people up to self-driving cars because it sheds light in a gray area for most people, who would take the fix if it's an easy one. On the contrary, Whitt’s purpose is to make sure people understand all parts of self-driving cars. One sentence that shows this is, “A nationwide network of million of self-driving cars whisking suburban...
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...SUMMARY OF PALEY’S EVIDENCES OF THE EXISTENCE Joseph K. Olumullah Ivy Tech Community College PHIL 220-obh-h1-201420 Instructor: Jeff Dodge 09/29/2014 SUMMARY William Paley was born in England in 1743-1805 and was a trained Anglican priest. William wrote several books on both Christianity and philosophy. One of the notable books that he wrote was teleological argument for the existence of God. His argument has gone some changes in the past years, the latest being christened “intelligent design”. This argument is the same as design argument and the only difference being that latter concludes that there is higher power that is called an “intelligent designer while the previous doesn’t called it “intelligent designer. Paley argues that...
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...The design argument is also known as the teleological argument. Telos means goal, aim or purpose. The argument looks at the idea of purpose and order within the universe to argue for the existence of God. The argument is an a posteriori, inductive, synthetic argument. A posteriori arguments have statements that rely on proof from the external evidence. In inductive arguments the argument is only brought in at the conclusion. Aquinas's 5th way in the cosmological argument as it argues for the existence of God, with regards to the evidence of purpose in nature. Aquinas stated that everything works together in a particular order despite the fact that inanimate objects have no mind or rational powers to achieve this. He explained his point by using the example of an arrow, saying that for an arrow to reach its destination it must be directed first of all by the archer. In the same way ‘natural bodies’ seem to act in a regular fashion to reach a specific purpose. As they, like the arrow, are not able to direct themselves, there must be a first cause. This first cause is what Aquinas considered to be God. Another philosopher that postulated a teleological argument is Paley. Paley put forward his argument for the existence of God during the period of enlightenment (where science was being used to prove evolution). Paley explained his theory using an analogy of the watch, but drawing comparisons between features of the watch and of the universe. He stated that if a man was walking...
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...4a. Explain Paley's argument for the existence of God (25) William Paley's argument for the existence of God is an important aspect of the Design argument, which argues that the universe is being directed towards an end purpose due to the a posteriori (subject to experience) evidence of an intelligent designer, who is God. This is because it is perhaps arguably the most famous version, and the theory which modern-day theories for the Design argument are built upon. The first version of the Design argument came from Plato, a Greek philosopher, who developed it to address the universe's apparent order. Plato proposed in his book Timaeus that a “demiurge”, a divine being of supreme wisdom and intelligence, was the creator of the cosmos. In Roman times, this was built upon by Cicero, a Roman jurist, who put forward an early version of what Paley would use for his design argument. In his book On the Nature of Gods, he put forward an analogy of a sundial being designed to tell the time, and that this could be attributed to nature, so therefore like something must of made the sundial, something must of made nature, and this something is an artificer, or God. These key ideas were later developed in the Dominican priest St.Thomas Aquinas' Five ways in his work the Summa Theologica. Each of his ways were in essence proving the existence of God, but the 5th way in particular, which states that common sense tells us the universe acts in such a way so therefore we conclude an intelligent...
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...The teleological argument also known as the design argument is a posteriori basing stuff primarily on knowledge gained from external experience. The idea being that basically due to the intricacies of the world there must be a designer. The word telos from teleological means purpose and purpose links in with Aristotle’s ideas of causality. The argument has two sides one being Aquinas’s on an argument to design and Paley’s being an argument from design. Aquinas 1224-1274 argument comes from the fifth of his five ways which is him pointing out the fact that there is evidence in the world around us of the existence of God therefore showing his Empirical knowledge. Furthermore Aquinas holds the belief that humans are always working towards something, such as knowledge (act for an end), as we strive to achieve the best outcome; meaning we do not achieve that end or outcome intentionally, instead it is for a reason. Aquinas reinforced the view that something which lacks knowledge cannot move towards an end, unless guided by a being ‘endowed with knowledge and intelligence’, therefore, this shows that there must be some intelligent being that exists, pushing humans towards a goal or an end. Aquinas concluded that this being is God. Much like Aquinas William Paley made the argument about the existence of God through an argument from design. Paley, a theologian thought of the analogy through the use of a stone and a watch. He said that if you came across a stone never having seen it...
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...The Design Argument The design argument is one of the traditional arguments of the existence of God. This argument has a variety of forms. This is an argument that is in support of God’s existence. Many philosophers have their doubt that a God exists. There are philosophers who have supported the design argument, one of the philosophers being Aqunias. Aquinas attacks the other arguments made against the existence of God. There is a formulation that is close to the one that Aquinas used. The formulation is “(1) Among objects that act for an end, some have minds whereas others do not. (2) An object that acts for an end, but does not itself have a mind, must have been designed by a being that has a mind. (3) Hence, there exists a being with a mind who designed all mindless objects that act for an end.” In these formulations it is being explained that an object (us human beings, or anything) acts for an end, basically stating living our lives through our purpose and purpose only. The design argument is also known as the teleological argument, teleogy meaning purpose. The second point translates into the third, it is saying that there was a being who created us that has a purpose, that being is God. There are two sorts of the design argument, they are the global and local design arguments. A global design argument explains general features of the whole universe and argues that this feature should be explained by the hypothesis that it is the product of intelligent design. So...
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...Function: This program is meant to keep inventory of a store it is a GUI. It reading inputs, such as employee ID number, Product description, the manufacturing ID number, the wholesale price, and the Mark up price, from the user and then outputs that information along with the retail price of the product. The GUI make it easy on the eye. Methodology: Header Used: include file for standard system include files User defined iostream is the standard input/output library The library iomanip is required while using manipulators such as setw() and setfill() to format the output Enumerated Variables: None Global Constants and Variables: None Class Data Members And Member Functions: private: int IDNum; (Represents the Emplyee ID number) mutable char DescriptionofProduct[35];(is the Discription of the Products) int ManufacturerIDNum;( is the Manufacturing ID Number) double WholeSalePrice;(Represents the Whole Sale Price) double MarkUpPrice;(Is the Mark Up Value for Retail ) int Quantity;(The amount of the product do we have) public: StoreInventory(); (make all member classes to zero) StoreInventory(int, char *, int, double, double, int);(enables the user to specify all of the attributes of the member functions) int GetIDNum()const; (Get the ID Number and Returns it ) char* GetDescriptionofProduct()const;(Gets the Product Descriptions and return it) int GetManufacturerID() const;(it get the Manufacturer...
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...Examine the strengths and weaknesses of the design argument for the existence of God. The design argument, also referred to as the Teleological Argument, stemmed from the Greek work ‘telos’ meaning ‘end’ or ‘purpose’. It is an a posteriori argument (from experience) based on our empirical senses and it is synthetic meaning that it is from observation. The argument is also inductive meaning there a number of possible conclusions. The main origin of the Teleological argument is based on a designer commonly known as ‘the classical God of theism’ (hereafter referred to as God). The argument from design find its origins in Thomas Aquinas’ ‘Summa Theleologica’ and is the fifth of his five ways of proving the existence of God. His argument includes the beneficial order in the universe which he observes i.e. there are things in the universe that work towards an end or purpose. He argues that the world is like an arrow shot from an archer’s bow - it has direction and purpose. God is the archer and the world is the arrow. God is controlling the world and as he is the reason behind why it is been created. Aquinas then goes on to say the world works because the designer is God, and so things in nature are ordered for their apparent purpose e.g. trees give us oxygen. However, this is a weak argument because Aquinas is not comparing two similar ideas. William Paley also argues for the design argument. His argument includes several ideas, one of which uses an analogy of a watch and...
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...Examine how the Teleological Argument for the existence of God has developed. The teleological argument is the design argument for the existence of God. The name is derived from the Greek word ‘telos’ which means “end” or “purpose”. This theory speaks about things in the universe that appear to fulfil a purpose. Such design could not have occurred by chance, the only explanation has to do with references to an intelligent, personal being. This makes it an ‘a posteriori’ argument. The origin of the teleological argument dates back to the ancient Greek philosopher Plato (424-348 BCE) who believed in a pre-existent universe. He believed that the universe wasn’t created by an intelligent being which he referred to as the ‘demi-urge’. Instead his theory stated that the demi-urge did not create the universe ex nihilo, he simply developed a universe which he already existed in. For Plato, this was a rational explanation as to why there’s order in the world rather than chaos. Aristotle (384-322 BCE) who was a student of Plato also contributed to this theory. He considered that based on all that can be observed in the world and the stars above, the only explanation for all the complexity and beauty that the world contains was a divine intelligence. He believed that there was a first unmoved mover who is responsible for all order that exists. Such a God was also viewed as possessing intelligence, goodness, eternity yet remained incorporeal. St. Thomas Aquinas (13th century) adapted...
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