...Online ISSN: 2243-779X Ouano, Jerome A. Department of Psychology, Xavier University-Ateneo de Cagayan, Cagayan de Oro, Philippines (ouano_j@yahoo.com) Conway, Gail D. Department of Psychology, Xavier University-Ateneo de Cagayan, Cagayan de Oro, Philippines (gee.delapaz@yahoo.com) Camilotes, Liza Mae C. Department of Psychology, Xavier University-Ateneo de Cagayan, Cagayan de Oro, Philippines (lizamaec@gmail.com) Doctor, Hannah Mae L. Department of Psychology, Xavier University-Ateneo de Cagayan, Cagayan de Oro, Philippines (misshannahdoctor@yahoo.com) Received: 10 November 2012 Available Online: 30 December 2012 Revised: 15 December 2012 DOI: 10.5861/ijrsp.2012.298 Accepted: 22 December 2012 Abstract Facebook, a popular social networking site, can serve as a venue for the enhancement of self-esteem. Why this happens remains unclear. Drawing from Positive Psychology and Self-Determination Theory, the present study investigated the effect of Facebook use on self-esteem as mediated by relatedness. Employing a cross-sectional non-experimental design, the mediation hypothesis was tested among 467 college students who agreed to answer the questionnaires. From the results of multiple hierarchical regressions, it was found out that Facebook use did not have a direct effect on self-esteem, but exerted a positive direct effect on relatedness. Likewise, related was positively associated with self-esteem. The mediation effect of relatedness was examined using Sobel test,...
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...The Effects of Brand Relationship Norms on Consumer Attitudes and Behavior PANKAJ AGGARWAL* The key premise underlying this work is that when consumers form relationships with brands they use norms of interpersonal relationships as a guide in their brand assessments. Two relationship types are examined: exchange relationships in which benefits are given to others to get something back and communal relationships in which benefits are given to show concern for other’s needs. The conceptual model proposes that an adherence to or a violation of these relationship norms influences the appraisal of the specific marketing action and also the overall brand evaluations. Results of three experiments provide converging evidence in support of the theory. B randing and brand-based differentiation are powerful means for creating and sustaining competitive advantage. Prior research has examined differences in how consumers perceive and evaluate brands, for example, through investigating brand equity (Keller 1993; McQueen, Foley, and Deighton 1993), brand personality (Aaker 1997; Plummer 1985) and brand extensions (Aaker and Keller 1990; Nakamoto, MacInnis, and Jung 1993). More recently, researchers have noted that consumers differ not only in how they perceive brands but also in how they relate to brands (Fournier 1998; Muniz and O’Guinn 2001). This line of research has suggested that people sometimes form rela- *Pankaj Aggarwal is an assistant professor of marketing at the Division of...
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...87 2004 by JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, Inc. ● Vol. 31 ● June 2004 All rights reserved. 0093-5301/2004/3101-0008$10.00 The Effects of Brand Relationship Norms on Consumer Attitudes and Behavior PANKAJ AGGARWAL* The key premise underlying this work is that when consumers form relationships with brands they use norms of interpersonal relationships as a guide in their brand assessments. Two relationship types are examined: exchange relationships in which benefits are given to others to get something back and communal relationships in which benefits are given to show concern for other’s needs. The conceptual model proposes that an adherence to or a violation of these relationship norms influences the appraisal of the specific marketing action and also the overall brand evaluations. Results of three experiments provide converging evidence in support of the theory. Branding and brand-based differentiation are powerful means for creating and sustaining competitive advantage. Prior research has examined differences in how consumers perceive and evaluate brands, for example, through investigating brand equity (Keller 1993; McQueen, Foley, and Deighton 1993), brand personality (Aaker 1997; Plummer 1985) and brand extensions (Aaker and Keller 1990; Nakamoto, MacInnis, and Jung 1993). More recently, researchers have noted that consumers differ not only in how they perceive brands but also in how they relate to brands (Fournier 1998; Muniz and O’Guinn 2001). This...
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...for. There are numerous strategies that can be used to research literature online using the PsycINFO database. The best way to start a search is to determine the specific research questions in order to guide the search, using key terms and parameters. It is also important to determine all synonyms, alternate terminology and any word variations to narrow your search. The use of Boolear Operations such as the words; “and”, “or” will change the search results. Using the word “and” between each search term will give results that contain all the search terms, where using the word “or” between search terms will give results that contain at least one of the search terms. Focusing your search using limiters such as the document type, methodology, publication type and year are helpful search strategies to use in conjunction with the afore mentioned strategies. Using a variety of search strategies is important to limit your search to make it as efficient and effective as possible. When I first started the basic search I used the words pet ownership, beneficial, and health. The search options I used were to find any of my search terms, publication year 2005-2015, and English. This search generated 572 116 results. There were too many results to determine the relevance of these search results. I then used a basic search again using all the same search parameters as the first search, and typing in the question, “Is pet ownership beneficial to people’s health? If yes, why?” This search...
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...Shrivastava, H. Roque Has social media socially handicapped the young? As human beings, the only real method of connection is through authentic, face to face communication. Face-to-face interaction allows us to understand each other profoundly and allows us to get to know each other down to the most fundamental levels of who we are (Tardanico, 2012). According to Forbes magazine, less than 10% of communication is based on spoken words. This means that over 90% of communication is based on nonverbal signals such as body language, eye contact, and tone of voice. Therefore, it implies that face to face communication is a very efficient way of communicating and it evidently improves our interpersonal and social skills (Jones, 2013). However, direct interaction is not being seen as the best way to communicate anymore, especially among teens, and people are not putting as much value as they once did on face to face interactions (Suliveres, 2014). Young people nowadays mostly use text messaging and other digital devices to communicate their concerns to their target recipient. Mobile phones and SMS help them to stay connected with their peers especially with those at a distance and thus, making life much more bearable by getting moral support from them. Furthermore, it helps them to fight boredom. This type of communication makes it easier for them to reach out to other people making them more sociable in a sense (Horstmansho, Power, 2005). On the other hand, social networking sites have...
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...to the Relationship between Social Capital and Communities of Practice El-Sayed Abou-Zeid John Molson School of Business, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada el-sayed@jmsb.concordia.ca Abstract: There is almost a consensus that tacit component of organisational knowledge is of critical strategic importance because, unlike explicit knowledge, it is both inimitable and appropriable. Because of its characteristics, organisational tacit knowledge is usually created and shared through highly interactive conversation and shared experience, i.e., through a socialisation process. At the firm’s level, the effectiveness of the socialisation process depends on the firm’s social capital. At group level, it has been argued that communities of practice form the basis of a firm's ability to create and share tacit knowledge. Therefore, investigating the relationship between social capital, communities of practice and individual human action is crucial in understanding the dynamic of cross level knowledge creation and utilisation and in understanding organisational learning process. In order to study this relationship Giddens’ theory of structuration is used as it provides an integrating meta-theory that recognises social reality as constituted by both subjective human actors and by objective institutional properties and attempts to articulate a process-oriented approach that relates the realm of human action and institutional realm. Based on Giddens’ theory a model of the interaction between...
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...and synthesize four article journals around the scope of marketing channel with social media. Analysis and recommendation to the problems identified about brand loyalty will be discussed after presentation and summary for all the journal articles. Jay M. Bernhardt Darren Mays Amanda K. Hall, (2012),"Social marketing at the right place and right timewith new media", Journal of Social Marketing, Vol. 2 Iss 2 pp. 130 - 137. This journal article is set to find out the effect of new media in social marketing. This paper is to seek to discuss how the new media revolution can improve social marketing by bringing the “place” closer to the consumer. The study utilised the authors viewpoint and arguments in understanding the impact that the social media brings to consumer and business owner in terms of bringing them closer together. No empirical methodology is used to present their arguments. The findings from this journal is that the rapid growth of social media and the massive use of mobile phones will give social marketers and advantage in engaging with the customers in a radical new way. This type of marketing channel is effective in relationship marketing and is potential in getting high volume of consumer-business owner engagement. In term of place, it brought them together in real time interactions. The authors suggested that social media has bring positive impact in consumer-business owner relationship. Not long ago, consumer may not be able to reach the location of a shop; or the...
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...Role of Parents and Parenting ------------------------------------------------- Childhood to Adulthood [Author Name] Table of Contents Introduction 3 Literature Review 4 Complex Relationship 4 Role of other external agents 5 Division of role between parents (Mother and Father) 5 Major problems 6 Social Interaction 7 Difference in child personality 7 Discussion and Conclusion 8 References: 11 Introduction We are born as child and then gradually transformed to adults. This transformation, from Childhood to Adulthood is often dependent upon lot of factors, both internal and external. This transformation depends a lot upon the inputs given by parents and family members. Through out the research we have tried to figure out the role played by parents and parenting in this transformation. The purpose of the project is to figure out that what are the behavioral aspects of parents that have an impact on the upbringing of child and how parents can effect the transformation of children from childhood to adulthood. The literature tells us that parents who understand their children and who has got control over children tend to shape the future of their kids in a positive way, whereas parents who treat their children as liability and are engage in scolding them losses control over their children. Some of the things worth mentioning for research are: - * There are several factors that parents should consider about the upbringings of their children. ...
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...Unit 1 Developing effective communication in health and social care Jordanne Dixon Miss Marsh Unit 1 Developing effective communication in health and social care Unit 1 Developing effective communication in health and social care Jordanne Dixon Miss Marsh Unit 1 Developing effective communication in health and social care Assignment 1 – Types of communication and interpersonal interactions Assignment 1 – Types of communication and interpersonal interactions The role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in building trusting relationships, improving self-esteem and providing appropriate support to meet the needs of individual service users. Communication is used for giving information, obtaining information and exchanging ideas between two or more individuals. To make communication effective you must do more than simply pass on the information, it means involving and engaging the other person or people. An example of effective communication in relation to health and social care would be in a counselling session. A support worker would say ‘Marcus, what would like to achieve from this session today?’ The individual who is using the service listens to the care worker and responds in the appropriate way. For example, ‘I would like to learn some alternatives of coping with my addiction.’ Effective communication must be clear, accurate and legible. Without these 3 rules information would deem inaccurate. Inaccuracies could result in inappropriate...
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...Social Psychology Definition PSY 400 - Social Psychology Social Psychology Definition When people go to parties with friends to socialize and have a good time do you think they ever take the time to think about the interactions that are happening with each other? When a husband and wife are has had an argument over where to travel for vacation, are they thinking about how they are influencing one another? Social psychology is about the interactions and influences that people have on each other and how they impact who one another. When a judgment is made against another, where does that thought come from? Why do people feel the way they do about one another and where does that learned behavior and attitude come from? In this paper we will show the difference between the different disciplines of psychology, show the types of research used and how social psychology affects us as individuals and where our perceptions stem from. To define social psychology is to define humans as individuals. How we behave and interact with one another makes up the bulk of who we are. There are several big ideas in social psychology one being our need to “construct our social reality” (Myers, 2010). People have this need to justify their behavior because it makes it seem more palatable for some reason. If a person receives an item that they are suspicious is stolen and choose to keep it anyway, they will feel the need to justify their behavior to anyone they come into contact with...
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...Unit 1 Developing effective communication in health and social care Jordanne Dixon Miss Marsh Unit 1 Developing effective communication in health and social care Unit 1 Developing effective communication in health and social care Jordanne Dixon Miss Marsh Unit 1 Developing effective communication in health and social care Assignment 1 – Types of communication and interpersonal interactions Assignment 1 – Types of communication and interpersonal interactions The role of effective communication and interpersonal interaction in building trusting relationships, improving self-esteem and providing appropriate support to meet the needs of individual service users. Communication is used for giving information, obtaining information and exchanging ideas between two or more individuals. To make communication effective you must do more than simply pass on the information, it means involving and engaging the other person or people. An example of effective communication in relation to health and social care would be in a counselling session. A support worker would say ‘Marcus, what would like to achieve from this session today?’ The individual who is using the service listens to the care worker and responds in the appropriate way. For example, ‘I would like to learn some alternatives of coping with my addiction.’ Effective communication must be clear, accurate and legible. Without these 3 rules information would deem inaccurate. Inaccuracies could result in inappropriate...
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...Sensitive mothering is essential to the social and emotional development of the child. Discuss this statement in the context of relevant developmental theory. Explain what is meant by the term sensitive mothering. Explain why sensitive mothering is important in building a positive emotional base. (15) - Give a definition of sensitive mothering (also consider insensitive mothering). - Link this to a positive or non-positive emotional base. Link this explanation to Bowlby’s attachment theory and Ainsworth’s studies. You will need to show an understanding of the internal working model of attachment and how sensitive mothering impacts on the quality of attachment. (25) - Outline Bowlby’s theory of attachment, showing evidence of how the ethological studies of Harlow and Lorenz, and his own research with war orphans and evacuees and juvenile delinquents impacted his theory. - Determine the phases of attachment and the development of the internal working model of attachment. - Consider Ainsworth’s research and the types of secure and insecure attachments that resulted from the research. - This needs to be linked back to mothering style and the internal working model of attachment that each infant is developing. Links also need to be made to Erikson’s relevant psychological stages of personality development, emphasising the importance of a supportive social environment. (15) - Consider Erikson’s psychosocial theory of personality, especially the first stage...
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...wealth, power, social status – providers 1. Women attractive due to looks - fertility Need for Affiliation What is? • The motive to seek and maintain social relationships • Neurobiology Rowe (1996) – We’re born with it Personality affects the need • Schizoid persons • Dismissive avoidant styles • Dependent persons Situational Factors • Crisis situations increase the need for affiliation – natural disasters, reminders of mortality • Fear & affiliation – Strong correlation between fear & Need to Aff Why Crises/Fear Lead to Need for Aff • Social Comparison Theory Festinger (1954) – We seek out others – To interpret our reactions – To find support for these actions – Under stress – we seek others to explain situation Proximity What is? • Liking for persons increases the more we see and interact with them • Races Reason for Effect • Exposure Festinger, Schacter & Back (1950) • Experiment tracking friendships among couples in apartment buildings • Couples randomly assigned to apts • Couples strangers on entry • Couples asked to name 3 closest friends • 65% chose friends in same building • Pattern of friendships within a building • 41% of next-door neighbors close friends • 22% of those living two doors down friends • Only 10% of those on opposite ends of hall friends Types of situations in...
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...Conceptual and Operational Definition of ‘Social Role’ in Online Community Eric Gleave University of Washington egleave@u.washington.edu Howard T. Welser Ohio University welser@ohio.edu Abstract Both online and off, people frequently perform particular social roles. These roles organize behavior and give structure to positions in local networks. As more of social life becomes embedded in online systems, the concept of social role becomes increasingly valuable as a tool for simplifying patterns of action, recognizing distinct user types, and cultivating and managing communities. This paper standardizes the usage of the term ‘social role’ in online community as a combination of social psychological, social structural, and behavioral attributes. Beyond the conceptual definition, we describe measurement and analysis strategies for identifying social roles in online community. We demonstrate this process in two domains, Usenet and Wikipedia, identifying key social roles in each domain. We conclude with directions for future research, with a particular focus on the analysis of communities as role ecologies. 1. INTRODUCTION Social life has moved online. From discussion boards, to wikis, to social networking sites, people do things together through digital communication. Those interactions leave behind complex records of who did what, when, under what context, and with whom. In other words, the interaction order [16] is now electrified and self-documenting...
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...Conceptual and Operational Definition of ‘Social Role’ in Online Community Eric Gleave University of Washington egleave@u.washington.edu Howard T. Welser Ohio University welser@ohio.edu Abstract Both online and off, people frequently perform particular social roles. These roles organize behavior and give structure to positions in local networks. As more of social life becomes embedded in online systems, the concept of social role becomes increasingly valuable as a tool for simplifying patterns of action, recognizing distinct user types, and cultivating and managing communities. This paper standardizes the usage of the term ‘social role’ in online community as a combination of social psychological, social structural, and behavioral attributes. Beyond the conceptual definition, we describe measurement and analysis strategies for identifying social roles in online community. We demonstrate this process in two domains, Usenet and Wikipedia, identifying key social roles in each domain. We conclude with directions for future research, with a particular focus on the analysis of communities as role ecologies. 1. INTRODUCTION Social life has moved online. From discussion boards, to wikis, to social networking sites, people do things together through digital communication. Those interactions leave behind complex records of who did what, when, under what context, and with whom. In other words, the interaction order [16] is now electrified and self-documenting...
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