...Interventions for Children with Autism Name Institution Tutor Date Interventions for Children with Autism Individuals with autism demonstrate delays or deficits in social interaction and behaviours. Autism is apparent from early childhood, but can emerge in early adulthood. It is associated with a wide range of possible causes, but genetic factors are the main causes. Children with autism have impairments in cognition, language delays, and lack of or poor social interactions. Lack of communication may force these children to adopt repetitive behaviours such as self-inflicted injuries and violence. The teaching process requires interventions that address the repetitive behaviours, skill development, and play activities that promote communication and social interactions. Several authors have discussed different intervention models that are discussed in the sections below. Rita Jordan-Behavioural and Communication Intervention TEACCH Programme The programme is community based and targets children and adults with autism and communication disabilities. TEACCH aims at developing communication skills among autistic children, and help them work and play independently of adults (Jordan, Jones and Murray, 1998). The development of communication skills is based on their understanding capability and their ability to express themselves. The programme teaches several ways of communication, such as the use of photographs and pictures, symbols and words...
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...MGMT 20124: Preparing a Report for a Case Study In addition to the correct format of your report there are content issues you need to consider. It is useful to read through the case a couple of times and get a feel as to what you will need to find before you go searching for articles. This is always problematic, but you do need to summarise the articles for support in your report, using the content, findings and conclusions. Therefore it is important that the articles are used in the detailed analysis, and argument in development of alternatives. The ‘knowledge & understanding, as well as “research skills” can be satisfied by finding arguments (through the literature) for and against, the issues that are raised within the facts of the case. That is, how well you critically analyze the facts and refer to theories, models and concepts. It will also have a bearing on how well the recommendation/s put forward will have the predictive likelihood of success. To get to that point means that you will have to put forward a range of options and on balanced argument make your decision as to what you recommend and why. Essentially it falls under what can be termed as, triangulation. (see the diagram below.) Your “Guide for Students” also gives good advice re this format. There is no “right or wrong” answer here. The marks to be gained will rise or fall based on the decision (recommendation) you make, as in the real world, and the quality of your ‘reasoned’ argument. Always...
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...The contrast of rational choice’s emphasis on institutions as coordination mechanisms that generate or sustain equilibria versus historical institutionalism’s emphasis on how institutions emerge from and are embedded in concrete temporal processes serves as the foundation for the second half of the essay, which assesses our progress in understanding institutional formation and change. Drawing on insights from recent historical institutional work on “critical junctures” and on “policy feedbacks,” the article proposes a way of thinking about institutional evolution and path dependency that provides an alternative to equilibrium and other approaches that separate the analysis of institutional stability from that of institutional change. INTRODUCTION Institutional analysis has a distinguished pedigree in comparative politics, and the “new” institutionalist literature of the past two decades has both sustained this venerable tradition and deepened our understanding of the role of institutions in political life. At the same time, recent work has given rise to new debates. It is now conventional to distinguish three different varieties of institutionalism: rational choice institutionalism, historical institutionalism, and sociological institutionalism. Each of these three schools in fact represents a sprawling literature characterized by tremendous internal diversity, and it is often also difficult to draw hard and fast lines between them. The differences that have...
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...6. Assessment Tasks Assessment Task 1: Assessment Task Case Study: IKEA: A Long March to the Far East Schedule Week 4 Performance Criteria: Outcomes Assessed 1.1,2.1,2.2, 4.1 Also addresses some elements of required skills and knowledge as shown in the Assessment Matrix Description: From its humble beginning as a small general retail store in a village situated in the south of Sweden, IKEA has grown into the world's largest furniture retailer with 279 stores in 36 countries today. Specialising in furniture and home decoration, IKEA has an annual turnover of 19.8 billion euros (source: IKEA, www.ikea.com, accessed 25/03/2012). The IKEA catalogue is printed in 52 editions with 25 languages, with a global distribution in excess of 160 million copies. IKEA sees the Far Asia as an emerging market still in its infant stage. Its number of retail outlets in Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong are very small and comprises a mere 3% of the company's total sales. These stores were expected to be more successful in the near future. IKEA's imminent strategic expansion into this region exemplified its ambitions to dominate this emerging market. This Case Study illustrates how IKEA's ventures into China and Japan are laden with unique marketing challenges which it had not encountered before in other international markets. Read the attached case (Case Study: "IKEA: A Long March to the Far East" - Source: Oxford University Press) and ...
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...Robert D. Baller University of Iowa This article investigates the association between past lynchings (1882 to 1930) and contemporary law enforcement responses to hate crimes in the United States. While prior research indicates a positive correlation between past levels of lynching and current social control practices against minority groups, we posit an inverse relationship for facets of social control that are protective of minorities. Specifically, we hypothesize that contemporary hate crime policing and prosecution will be less vigorous where lynching was more prevalent prior to 1930. Analyses show that levels of past lynching are associated with three outcome variables germane to hate crime policing and prosecution, but the effect of lynching is partly contingent on the presence of a minority group threat. That is, past lynching combined with a sizeable black population largely suppresses (1) police compliance with federal hate crime law, (2) police reports of hate crimes that target blacks, and in some analyses (3) the likelihood of prosecuting a hate crime case. Our findings have implications for research on law and intergroup conflict, historical continuity in the exercise of state social control, and theories that emphasize minority group threat. Steven F. Messner University at Albany-SUNY onflict theories of crime and criminal law posit that the state largely serves the interests of dominant groups in society (Quinney 1974; Turk 1969; Vold 1958) and this function can...
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...organizationÕs effect on their case management practice. Design: Semistructured interviews were conducted utilizing the Bolman—Deal Organizational Model. This model identifies four frames of an organization: symbolic, human resources, political, and structural. Sample: A purposive sample of nine nurses and one social worker was selected to participate in comprehensive interviews. Results: Data analysis identified two main themes. The first theme was the presence of organizational structural barriers to providing case management. The second theme was the lack of political influence by the nurses to change the structure of the organization; hence, their skills could be more completely utilized. Conclusions: Public health nurses who work in child welfare will need to systematically analyze their role within the organization and understand how to work in Òhost settings.Ó Nursing educators need to prepare public health nurses to work in non-health care settings by teaching organizational analysis. Key words: child protective services, organization, public health nursing. The purpose of this exploratory qualitative descriptive study was to investigate how public health nurses working in the child welfare system in a large metropolitan county in California view the organization. The study utilized the Bolman—Deal Organizational ModelÕs (1997) four frames for organizational analysis: symbolic, political, human resource, and structural. Public health nurses have joined social workers in providing...
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...Annotated Bibliography Parker, Marilyn. Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company, 2005. Parker's book offers detailed information about nursing theorists and their work towards developing nursing theories. She intends to honor the work of the theorists by emphasizing the significance of the theories in the field of nursing and its development as a profession. she includes illustrations and statements that are very helpful in understanding the theories. Each chapter was developed having different pattern depending upon the context and its scientific perspective. It aims to give an encouragement for contributors and to make each chapter complete and interesting. This book offers assistance to nursing students in exploring and appreciating nursing theories and their use in nursing practice and scholarship. Rather than a practical handbook to producing and/or publishing, this book is indispensable because of its honest perspective and its encouraging approach. This book is very useful in making concept analysis because every concept is clear and organized in a way that it can easily be understood. Moreover, its content are very detailed and extensive which made it very favorable. Walker, L.O.,& Avant, K.C. Strategies for Theory Construction in Nursing(3rd ed.). Norwalk, CT: Appletion & Lange, 1995. The book of Avant and Walker offers detailed and easy-to-understand information about constructing theories in nursing and a very detailed step...
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...Systems Management and Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA Abstract This paper reviews the literature on the social impacts of programmable manufacturing technology (PMT). Several perspectives on the social impact of technology are identified ranging from simple additive models that view technology as having a set of individual and independent causal impacts to a contingency perspective which views the impact of technology as dependent on technical and organizational characteristics. The paper statistically summarizes 30 empirical studies within the 1986-1990 period and finds common trends in findings as well as contradictory evidence. The common trends are that PMT tends to lead to more organic organizations, but also meets with negative employee attitudes, stress, and perceptions of reduced job security and mobility. The contradictory evidence is that most studies report simple, additive effects, while a substantial portion find that the impacts depend on a wide range of contingency variables. The authors argue that simplistic views of PMT as being a homogeneous set of technologies with unidirectional, non-contingent social impacts is neither realistic nor useful. A number of future research directions in this area are suggested. Keywords. Social impacts of technology; Programmable ing; Sociotechnical systems; Organizational design automation; CAD/CAM; Manufactur- 1. Introduction The microelectronics revolution...
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...Health Care Models Analysis Deborah Fleming Grand Canyon University: HCA 515 July 11, 2014 Health Care Models Analysis There are many different health care models that have been proposed throughout the decades. Some models have been successful and many have failed. There are still a few that are being examined today. This paper will explain a hypothetical medical case that is often seen in hospitals. Four different models will demonstrate how this case and patient could benefit if this model was in play. Hypothetical Case: A 67 year old man presents to the ER with a chronic cough and shortness of breath. He denies sputum production from the cough, but admits to a 20-pound weight loss over the past four months. He has a 30-year pack history of smoking and worked in a shipyard for 25 years. His mother died from lung cancer and his father died of heart disease. His medical history includes hypertension and diabetes type 2. He has no history of surgeries or cancers. After studies were completed he was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. Medical Model: The medical model will define health as the absence of illness rather then the presence of health. This model uses clinical diagnosis and medical interventions to treat disease and to try to prevent disease with education of medical processes (Shi and Singh 2012). In the patient presented above, the first step would be to obtain a chest x-ray and further tests to concluded the diagnosis of squamous cell...
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...determines its creativity 2. Attractiveness – it ascertains the attractiveness of the idea. For instance, does it absolutely solve the existing problem? Or is it just a fractional solution. 3. Feasibility/Practicability – how feasible is the idea in being put into practice? Is it really feasible? (Bradac & Rebernik, n.d., p 44) Part One Part one of the essay presents the idea social programs and diverse activities. In this part, I will evaluate two concepts, first the social program and the CATWOE analysis approach using the model. Social Programs According to Laughlin (2011, p 22), the return of corporate benefits to the community is one of the most important policies of Samsung. For purposes of sustaining these social welfare programs, the company normally requires its employees to voluntarily participate in these programs. I will carry out an analysis of the social welfare as presented in the essay as one of the critical ideas. At first, I will try and identify some of its novelty, attractiveness, and feasibility. Novelty As highlighted in the essay, the social welfare program developed by...
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...assessing and solving marketing problems. The course is also a foundation for advanced electives in Marketing as well as other business/social disciplines. Topics include marketing strategy, customer behavior, segmentation, market research, product management, pricing, promotion, sales force management and competitive analysis. 211. (MKTG773) Consumer Behavior. (C) Cutright, Reed. Prerequisite(s): MKTG 101. This course is concerned with how and why people behave as consumers. Its goals are to: (1) provide conceptual understanding of consumer behavior, (2) provide experience in the application of buyer behavior concepts to marketing management decisions and social policy decision-making; and (3) to develop analytical capability in using behavioral research. 212. (MKTG756) Marketing Research. (C) Shen, Eliashberg. Prerequisite(s): MKTG 101, STAT 101. Students are highly encouraged to take statistics in the semester immediately preceding this course. This course examines the role of marketing research in the formulation and solution of marketing problems, and the development of the student's basic skills in conducting and evaluating marketing research projects. Special emphasis is placed on problem formulation, research design, alternative methods of data collection (including data collection instruments, sampling, and field operations), and data analysis techniques. Applications of modern marketing research procedures to a variety of marketing problems are explored. 221. New Product...
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...Title of Assignment: A critical review of two articles relating to aspects of contemporary organizational design 1) M Orlitzky, F L Schmidt & S L Payne, Corporate Social and Financial Performance: A Meta-Analysis, in Organization Studies, 2003; 24; 403-441 2) E J Walton, The Persistence of Bureaucracy – A Meta-Analysis of Weber’s Model of Bureaucratic Control, in Organization Studies, 2005; 26; 569-600 Organisational Design is concerned with constructing and changing an organisation’s structure to achieve the organisation’s goals. In order to understand organisation, we have to look at the two dimensions; structural and contextual. Structural dimensions provide labels like formalization, specialization, hierarchy of authority, centralization, professionalism and personnel ratios, to describe the internal characteristics of an organisation, and they create a basis for measuring and comparing organisation. Whereas contextual dimensions, they characterize the whole organisation, including its size, technology, environment and goals, and also describe the organisational setting that influences and shapes the structural dimensions. For some time, researchers have studied the relationship between a firm’s corporate financial performance (CFP) and its corporate social performance (CSP). Although many studies indicated that CSP is a determinant of CFP, other aspects of some research have been inconsistent. Some studies are criticized for using unrealizable CSP measures;...
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...Sciences are not superior over Social Sciences. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract. 3 Introduction 4 Recommendations 22 REFERENCES 25 Abstract. Science in general is a great and highly developed human enterprise. Its intricacies are clearly not limited to the scientists alone, but it is essential for the entire human race. If we think of science as a space within the larger space of society then it is at the interfaces between these two spaces that human beings are involved with science. To see this interface clearly from the space of science is not the same as seeing it as a mere collection of facts that should be construed to be true and nothing but the truth. Science is beyond facts, ideals and thoughts. It is a process and a model that has undergone tests, been tried, reviewed and accepted as a true representation of the processes and occurrences in the natural world However, due to the broad nature of science, and the work, time and resources involved in pursuit of knowledge in different science fields which entails different interests, and thereby different values too; and the different possibilities of knowledge about different subjects, has lead to a myopic misconception by the science practitioners that Physical and Natural applied sciences are more superior and of more importance than social sciences. These differences...
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...PEST Market Analysis Tool PEST analysis method and examples The PEST analysis is a useful tool for understanding market growth or decline, and as such the position, potential and direction for a business. A PEST analysis is a business measurement tool. PEST is an acronym for Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors, which are used to assess the market for a business or organizational unit. The PEST analysis headings are a framework for reviewing a situation, and can also, like SWOT analysis, and Porter's Five Forces model, be used to review a strategy or position, direction of a company, a marketing proposition, or idea. Completing a PEST analysis is very simple, and is a good subject for workshop sessions. PEST analysis also works well in brainstorming meetings. Use PEST analysis for business and strategic planning, marketing planning, business and product development and research reports. You can also use PEST analysis exercises for team building games. PEST analysis is similar to SWOT analysis - it's simple, quick, and uses four key perspectives. As PEST factors are essentially external, completing a PEST analysis is helpful prior to completing a SWOT analysis (a SWOT analysis - Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats - is based broadly on half internal and half external factors). pest variations The PEST model, like most very good simple concepts, has prompted several variations on the theme. For example, the PEST acronym is sometimes shown as STEP, which...
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...Philosophy of Science (All Science, not just social science) During the time of the ancient Greeks—that is, Socrates and Plato, but before them and after them as well, the study of “philosophy” (Greek for “love of wisdom”) began. At that time, philosophy included both the natural and physical sciences as well what we know as philosophy today. The development of philosophy created a tension between philosophy, science, and religion. Remember that Socrates was put to death for allegedly questioning the existence of the official state-worshiped gods. This tension between philosophy, science and religion continued through the 1400’s and 1500’s when the European “Enlightenment” emphasized the concept that both “rational thought” and “science” was separate from religion. Today, they are still generally in tension. Whether these methods of gaining knowledge are consistent or not is constantly debated among scientists, theologians, and philosophers. Science=observation of the physical universe which includes (beginning in the late 1800’s) the study of human behavior using our five senses (sight, hearing, taste, touch, smell); Religion=the study of the “divine” (i.e., god, however a person conceives of that notion, and it’s implications) Philosophy=the study of questions unanswerable by science through the use of “reason” (rational thought) alone. Thus, there are 4 different philosophical views on how humans can obtain knowledge: 1. mysticism/divine revelation—a...
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