...to novels in other languages or novelists who are not primarily British where appropriate. Portrait of Samuel Richardson by Joseph Highmore.National Portrait Gallery, Westminster, England. Contents [hide] 1 Early novels in English 2 Romantic period 3 Victorian novel 4 20th century 5 Survey 6 Famous novelists (alphabetical order) 7 See also 8 References Early novels in English[edit source | editbeta] See the article First novel in English. The English novel has generally been seen as beginning with Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719) and Moll Flanders (1722),[1] though John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress (1678) and Aphra Behn's Oroonoko (1688) are also contenders, while earlier works such as Sir Thomas Malory's Morte d'Arthur, and even the "Prologue" to Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales have been suggested.[2] Another important early novel is Gulliver's Travels (1726, amended 1735), by Irish writer and clergyman Jonathan Swift, which is both a satire of human nature, as well as a parody of travellers' tales like Robinson Crusoe.[3] The rise of the novel as an important literary genre is generally associated with the growth of the middle class in England. Other major 18th century English novelists are Samuel Richardson (1689-1761), author of the epistolary novels Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded (1740) and Clarissa (1747-8); Henry Fielding (1707–54), who wrote Joseph Andrews (1742) and The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (1749); Laurence Sterne (1713–68)...
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...Introduction 3 At the Turn of the Century 4 The 20th Century Literary Background 5 Modernism 6 Poets of the First World War 11 The Interwar Years 13 British Postwar Literature 19 Conclusion 27 References 29 Introduction The 20th century seems to be the most dramatic and unique: it witnessed two world wars and great social, economic and political changes. All this events could not but find their reflection in the arts in general and in the literature in particular. The urgency of the work is determined by the complexity of the period considered and variety of forms and trends which appeared during the century. The object of the project is British literature. The aim of the project is to consider the peculiarities and distinct features of the British literature of the 20th century. In order to gain the project’s aim, during its implementation the following practical issues were studied: - the most distinguished writers of the period; - their contribution to development of the British literature; - key topics. The project’s aim and issues considered predetermined the choice of methods of research. During the project’s implementation the following methods were used: critical survey of the sources on the issue considered, as well as comparison and analysis. Theoretical value of the project is constituted by the analysis of the peculiarities and distinct features of the British literature of the 20th century. Practical value of the project is predetermined...
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...Leesa Barnett Fatima Lim-Wilson Survey of Major Writers 20th ENG-311-CL03 Word count 530 7 July 2013 Gabriel’s Characteristics James Joyce's short story, "The Dead” had to do with a certain character named Gabriel who seemed to live in a culture that has deteriorated, but also seems to not end as well. The character appears to be reliving memories of his glories of life. When it comes to communicating, Gabriel is seen to have no ability as a normal person. Gabriel also seems to use his wealth to remain unseen, kind of like a behind the scenes image. Looking down upon those who are beneath him, and his higher value of learning, gave Gabriel the thinking that he, himself, cannot interact with those types of people. Gabriel tended to believe that he is way better than everyone else all because of his wealth. Today, there are plenty of people who think and believe the same way, and it is unfair to the rest of us plain people in today’s society, because we are looked down on just as Gabriel did back then for the way we look or live, or what we drive or own. In today’s society, we are judged by what name branded we wear, what school district our children go to, the type of job or house we have, and the list goes on. Back then, Gabriel did the same thing by looking down upon the less fortunate. In attempting to speak, Gabriel is easily tongue tied. He seems to be a man of control and cannot seem to devote his self to anyone, including his wife. Does that make him commit...
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...Carl Rogers--Biography and other material, on site maintained by his daughter, Natalie Rogers (who is also trained as a therapist). Carl Rogers and Education--Site providing biographical information as well as examination of Rogers's ideas about education. Introduction to Person-Centred Counselling--A clear overview by Dr. Greg Mulhauser, on CounsellingResources.com. Abraham Maslow Like Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow is widely regarded as one of the founders of the Humanistic Approach. While less influential among therapists than Rogers, Maslow may actually be better known to the general public, because of his interest in applying psychological principles to areas like behavior in business settings. In this regard, his hierarchy of needs has been a basic concept in human resources and organizational behavior for several decades. Maslow coined the term "the Third Force" to describe the Humanistic Approach, to emphasize how it differed from the Psychodynamic and Behaviorist Approaches, which dominated psychology (at least in North America) in the 1950's. His theory emphasizes motivation as the key to understanding human behavior (an emphasis which is somewhat reminiscent of Freud's theory, though the two models focus on very different types of motives). Nonetheless, it becomes the basis of a theory of personality (as discussed in the text, talking about motives implies a person who experiences those motives!), and ends up describing the characteristics of healthy...
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...Exxon Valdez and Prince William Sound Case Keller Graduate School of Management – Online AC573 Anthony Mucheru Instructor – Frank Pidgeon November 2011 Shortly after midnight on March 24, 1989, the oil tanker Exxon Valdez ran aground on Bligh Reef in Alaska’s Prince William Sound, spilling 11 million gallons of crude oil. At the time of the grounding, the vessel had departed from normal shipping lanes to avoid ice in the water and had failed to make a corrective turn in time to avoid the submerged reef. The ship was piloted by third mate Gregory Cousins, who did not hold a required license; the captain, Joseph Hazelwood, was in his quarters. Hazelwood, whose driver’s license was at the time suspended for driving while intoxicated, later failed a sobriety test. At the time, the pipeline was opened and strict traffic lanes were established in the Sound to guarantee safe tanker passage. But, in recent years, disintegration of the Columbia Glacier had filled the lanes with ice. To avoid slowing down to dodge icebergs—thereby delaying the oil’s delivery to market—tanker captains routinely moved out of the shipping lanes (Brooks, L. J., 2010 p. 505). On shore, no one was keeping watch. Although the Coast Guard was charged with monitoring vessels through Prince William Sound, in fact, its outdated radar system did not reliably track vessels as far out as Bligh Reef. An earlier proposal to upgrade the radar system had been rejected as too expensive. And the Coast Guard’s oversight...
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...“America’s industrial might was built principally on immigrant labour”. Discuss with reference to the period from the 1880s to through World War I. The backbone of America’s Might A variety of factors contributed to the preeminence of American industrial power in the late 19th and early twentieth century. Whereas the United States enjoyed an abundance of domestic raw materials, technological advancements by scientific entrepreneurs, and a battery of talented business entrepreneurs assisted by a compliant federal government, the most convenient and probably most critical progressive factor was the influx of a cheap, non-American immigrant labour force. Brinkley in his work “The Unfinished Nation: A Concise History of the American People” is careful to point out that America rise in industrialization occurred in half the period of time that England took to achieve the same. Though some scholars argue that the U.S. was already steering toward industrial prominence since the early 1800s, the majority agree that last three decades prior to the 1920s witnessed an incredible surge in economic growth that heralded America’s supremacy thereafter. By 1900, over $3.4 billion in foreign wealth fueled the economy of the US.Of course, a comparison of England’s and America’s progress in industrialization is wanted, and would yield points that support the main thesis. One way to understand the rapid growth of American industries as opposed to English industries is to view the industrial...
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...The Catcher in the Rye is a 1951 novel by J. D. Salinger. Originally published for adults, it has since become popular with adolescent readers for its themes of teenage angst and alienation. It has been translated into almost all of the world's major languages. Around 250,000 copies are sold each year with total sales of more than 65 million books. The novel's protagonist Holden Caulfield has become an icon for teenage rebellion. The novel was included on Time's 2005 list of the 100 best English-language novels written since 1923, and it was named by Modern Library and its readers as one of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. In 2003, it was listed at number 15 on the BBC's survey The Big Read. The novel also deals with complex issues of identity, belonging, connection, and alienation. Plot summary Holden begins his story at Pencey Prep, an exclusive private school in Agerstown, Pennsylvania, on the Saturday afternoon of the traditional football game with rival school Saxon Hall. Holden misses the game. As manager of the fencing team, he loses their equipment on a New York City subway train that morning, resulting in the cancellation of a match. He goes to the home of his History teacher named Mr. Spencer. Holden has been expelled and is not to return after Christmas break, which begins the following Wednesday. Spencer is a well-meaning but long-winded middle-aged man. To Holden's annoyance, Spencer reads aloud Holden's History paper, in which Holden...
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...RESEARCH DESIGN Qualitative, Quantitative. and Mixed Methods Approaches SECOND EDITION John W. Creswell University of Nebraska, Lincoln SAGE Publications International Educational and Professional Publisher Thousand Oaks London New Delhi ~ 6 7 6 3Copyright O 2003 by Sage Publications, Inc. -3 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Cover image copyright O Sheldan CollinsICorbis; used by permission. For information: Sage Publications, Inc. 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 E-mail: order@sagepub.com Sage Publications Ltd. 6 Bonhill Street London EC2A 4PU United Kingdom Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd. M-32 Market Greater Kailash I New Delhi 110 048 India Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Creswell, John W. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches I by John W. Creswel1.- 2nd ed. p. cm Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 0-7619-2441-8 (c) - ISBN 0-7619-2442-6 (pbk.) 1. Social sciences-Research-Methodology. 2. Social sciences-Statistical methods. I. Title. H62 .C6963 2002 30W.7'2-dc21 Acquiring Editor: Editorial Assistant: Production Editor: Copy Editor: Typesetter: Cover Designer: ...
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...Art history From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the academic discipline of art history. For an overview of the history of art worldwide, see History of art. For other uses, see Art history (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2011) Venus de Milo on display at the Louvre Art history has historically been understood as the academic study of objects of art in their historical development and stylistic contexts, i.e. genre, design, format, and style.[1] This includes the "major" arts of painting, sculpture, and architecture as well as the "minor" arts of ceramics, furniture, and other decorative objects. As a term, art history (also history of art) encompasses several methods of studying the visual arts; in common usage referring to works of art and architecture. Aspects of the discipline worms. As the art historian Ernst Gombrich once observed, "the field of art history [is] much like Caesar's Gaul, divided in three parts inhabited by three different, though not necessarily hostile tribes: (i) the connoisseurs, (ii) the critics, and (iii) the academic art historians".[2] As a discipline, art history is distinguished from art criticism, which is concerned with establishing a relative artistic value upon individual works with respect to others of...
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...English 2328 Spring 2011 Unit Two: Early Twentieth Century Review Sheets |Survey Highlights |Modernism in American Literature |Imagism, Imagery, Image | |Major Authors |Some distinguishing characteristics— |From Pound's "A Retrospect": | |Historical Context |Rejection of traditional values and assumptions, in society and art. |—Three principles of Imagism: | |Intellectual Movements |Strong break with traditional literary forms and techniques of |1. Direct treatment of 'thing' whether subjective or objective. | |Genres, Elements of Literature |expression. |2. To use absolutely no word that does not contribute to the | |Authors |—Avant-garde, innovative |presentation. | |Robert Frost, Ezra Pound, and T. S. Eliot |—Frost's "old-fashioned way to be new" |3. As regarding...
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...Chap. 1 What is Public Relations, Anyway? * Marston’s 4-step Race Model * R = Research * A = Action * C = Communication * E = Evaluation * The model describes the public relations process * Public relations is a planned process to influence public opinion, through sound character and proper performance, based on mutually satisfactory two-way communication * Public relations helps an organization and its publics to mutually adapt to each other. * Public relations is an organization’s efforts to win the cooperation of groups of people * Sharpe’s 5 Principles * Honest communication for credibility * Openness and consistency for confidence * Fairness of actions for reciprocity, goodwill * Two-way communication to build relationships * Research and evaluation to determine actions and to adjust for social harmony * Roles of PR * 1. Management * To succeed, public relations must report to top management, unimpeded by any other group. * 2. Action * True public relations cannot take place without ethical, consistent action. No amount of persuasion will cover up for poor performance. * PR as a management interpreter * Public relations professionals interpret these roles of management to the public * Philosophies * Policies * Programs * Practices * PR...
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...Black, and Asian city residents. The socio economic lower income levels among Latinos maybe at least partially because of lower education attainment compared with Asian, Black and non Hispanic whites. Approximately two thirds of New York City Latinos over the age of 25 reported having no college education, which is higher than Asian, Black and non Hispanic. Puerto Ricans are also the only national group in the Latino population where the majority of respondents were born in the United States. For all other national groups being Latino generally also means being an immigrant. (Howard Caro-Lopez center for Latin American, Caribbean and Latino studies). In addition, in comparing poverty within the Latino groups. Puerto Ricans is facing a major economic crisis it has been characterized as being largely poor and part of the urban underclass in the United States. Studies and...
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...ANNOTATED SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR HISTORICAL INTERPRETATIONS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN BRITAIN Gerard M Koot History Department University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Allen, Robert C., The British Industrial Revolution in a Global Perspective, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Pp. viii, 331. Allen’s book is an excellent example of the persuasiveness of the new economic history. It is solidly rooted in statistical data and uses sophisticated methods of economic analysis but its analysis is presented in plain English. He argues that the first industrial revolution occurred in northwestern Europe because its high wages during the early modern period encouraged technological innovation. Although high wages were initially a consequence of the demographic disaster of the Black Death, they were reinforced during the early modern period by the economic success of the region around the North Sea, first, in European trade and manufacturing, especially in wresting the textile industry from the Italians, and then in world trade. According to Allen, the first industrial revolution took place in Britain instead of the Low Countries primarily because of Britain’s abundant and cheap coal resources, combined with the central government’s ability to use mercantilist policies and naval power to reap the greatest benefits from an expanding European and world trade. Once it had taken the lead from the Dutch, and defeated the French, Britain used its comparative advantage...
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...Introduction Classic texts such as Chanakya's Arthashastra (India) written in the 3rd century BC, Sun Tzu's The Art of War, written in China 2,500 years ago, the political strategy of Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince, written in 1513, or Carl von Clausewitz's On War, published in 1832, are all still very popular, referenced, and highly regarded and followed. Strategy defined by these writers entailed from Political, game, war or social genre. For this assignment, we deal with business strategy or strategic management in today’s environment in the management world. Strategy could be simply defined as a plan of action to achieve any particular goal. In broader terms, Strategic Management refers to a process of combined activities; mainly, Strategic Analysis (required to develop an apt strategy), Strategy Formulation (process of transferring the analysis into a plan – intended strategy); and, Strategy Implementation (process of putting plan into action – realized strategy). The purpose of this assignment is to develop a comprehensive strategic plan for an Organization for its mission and vision to achieve goals. We have chosen ChinAfrica Magazine for this very purpose. ChinAfrica Magazine was first published in 1988 in English and French edition. Its paper version was suspended in 2001 due to internal financial problems; and, the new English monthly magazine was re-launched in October-2009. Their existing website is in English, Chinese, and French; thus, catering to a range...
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...Unexplored psychologists or psychiatrists Herbert "Harry" Stack Sullivan Herbert "Harry" Stack Sullivan (February 21, 1892, Norwich, New York – January 14, 1949) was an American Neo-Freudian psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who held that the personality lives in, and has his or her being in, a complex of interpersonal relations. Work Along with Clara Thompson, Karen Horney, Erich Fromm, Otto Allen Will, Jr., Erik H. Erikson, and Frieda Fromm-Reichmann, Sullivan laid the groundwork for understanding the individual based on the network of relationships in which he or she is enmeshed. He developed a theory of psychiatry based on interpersonal relationships where cultural forces are largely responsible for mental illnesses. In his words, one must pay attention to the "interactional", not the "intrapsychic". This search for satisfaction via personal involvement with others led Sullivan to characterize loneliness as the most painful of human experiences. He also extended the Freudian psychoanalysis to the treatment of patients with severe mental disorders, particularly schizophrenia. Besides making the first mention of the significant other in psychological literature, Sullivan developed the Self System, a configuration of the personality traits developed in childhood and reinforced by positive affirmation and the security operations developed in childhood to avoid anxiety and threats to self-esteem. Sullivan further defined the Self System as a steering mechanism toward a series...
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