...is from the SANS Institute Reading Room site. Reposting is not permitted without express written permission. Case Study: Critical Controls that Could Have Prevented Target Breach In December 2013 over 40 million credit cards were stolen from nearly 2000 Target stores by accessing data on point of sale (POS) systems. This paper will explore known issues in the Target breach and consider some of the Critical Controls that could have been used to both prevent this breach and mitigate losses. AD Copyright SANS Institute Author Retains Full Rights Case Study: Critical Controls that Could Have Prevented Target Breach GIAC (GSEC) Gold Certification Author: Teri Radichel, teri@radicalsoftware.com Advisor: Stephen Northcutt Accepted: August 5th 2014 Abstract In December 2013 over 40 million credit cards were stolen from nearly 2000 Target stores by accessing data on point of sale (POS) systems. This paper will explore known issues in the Target breach and consider some of the Critical Controls that could have been used to both prevent this breach and mitigate losses. From what is known about the Target breach, there were multiple factors that led to data loss: vendors were subject to phishing attacks, network segregation was lacking, point of sale systems were vulnerable to memory scraping malware and detection strategies employed by Target failed. A possible solution for preventing and mitigating similar breaches using a defense in depth model will...
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...security rupture at Target because of the wealth of data accessible and the different points from which the...
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...While growing up we all experience events that will change the world, whether it be a new president, catastrophic weather damage, or in my case, a terrorist attack. On September 11th, 2001 a day that will forever be talked about. This was a day where everything seemed to stop, everyone let their differences aside and prayed for those in need. It’s also a day that made us scared to step on the same ground or be near someone of that seemed to appear Afghan or Muslim. For my article I decided to combine two articles that talked about the aftermath of September 11th and the job market for Afghan and Muslim decent. My first article I am reviewing “estimates the impact that the 9/11 terrorists attacks had on the U.S. labor market outcomes of individuals...
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...government operations) for the purpose of coercing or Intimidating a government or civilian population is clearly an emerging threat. (Dale Watson 2-6-2002) Cyberterrorism or digital terrorism cannot be concretely defined and has spurred significant debate over exactly what is means. Todays' battlefields have no national borders. Quickly describing terrorism is not easy work. However, cyber terrorism is specifically a premeditated publically or ideologically motivated attack or threat of attack against information, computer systems, programs, and data that can result in violence against civilian targets. Attacks are fast, easy and relatively inexpensive. The attack is a commission of a crime with the use of a computer and a network. Growth in the use of computers has caused computers to be a large part of illegal activities. The categories that we fall as a victim are Crimes committed using a computer as a target, as a tool, as incidental to computer use, or associated with the prevalence of computers. In most cases, caught cyber criminals have usually committed several types of crimes. The tools used required no extra training or financial aid. Many businesses that connect to large masses of people connect to networks, which if compromised, could halt activities that supply us with many comforts, such as water, electricity, or information. Connecting to large masses of people also could require extra funds being spent to protect us from intruders. At the age of twenty-five...
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...Current Event Article In the article titled “Costly drug for smallpox questioned” published in the Los Angeles Times on November 13, 2011 the antiviral vaccine for smallpox was looked at. This vaccine was developed by Siga Technologies Inc. as a treatment for people who are diagnosed with smallpox too late to use the current vaccine that the government has stockpiled in case of a bioterrorism attack. The drug is controversial as it is not known if it will work in humans due to testing only being allowed in animals. As there are no current smallpox outbreaks to test on, animals are the only test subjects at this time. Also it comes with a large price tag, around $255.00 a dose, this for 1.7 million doses per the contract to be stockpiled. This high price tag and the governments’ apparent favoritism to Siga has caused outrage by some. The disease which causes pustules and a 30% death rate was eradicated worldwide in 1978. The only strains known to exist are in Russian and US freezers. To date there is no credible evidence that any terrorist group or county has the virus and can attack the US with it. However, the government feels that it is important to have not only our current vaccine stockpile, enough to vaccinate the entire US population, but a backup for those not vaccinated or diagnosed in time. The new drug, ST-246, is said to have $115 million in federal support, not including the contract for manufacture and development, which is estimated to be around $433 million. One...
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...information: E-mail: bilgi@uidergisi.com Web: www.uidergisi.com Is Terrorism Still a Democratic Phenomenon? Erica CHENOWETH Assist. Prof. Dr., The University of Denver, The Josef Korbel School of International Studies To cite this article: Chenoweth, Erica, “Is Terrorism Still a Democratic Phenomenon?", Uluslararası İlişkiler, Volume 8, No 32 (Winter 2012), p. 85-99. Copyright @ International Relations Council of Turkey (UİK-IRCT). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, transmitted, or disseminated, in any form, or by any means, without prior written permission from UİK, to whom all requests to reproduce copyright material should be directed, in writing. References for academic and media coverages are boyond this rule. Statements and opinions expressed in Uluslararası İlişkiler are the responsibility of the authors alone unless otherwise stated and do not imply the endorsement by the other authors, the Editors and the Editorial Board as well as the International Relations Council of Turkey. Uluslararası İlişkiler Konseyi Derneği | Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi Web: www.uidergisi.com | E- Mail: bilgi@uidergisi.com Is Terrorism Still a Democratic Phenomenon? Erica CHENOWETH* ABSTRACT In recent years, multiple studies have confirmed that terrorism occurs in democracies more often than in nondemocratic regimes. There are five primary groups of explanations for this phenomenon, including the openness of democratic systems, organizational...
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...definition is that cyber security focuses on protecting computer networks, systems, data, and programs from unwanted access. Cyber security is sometimes referred to as information security, information network security, cyberspace security, or even computer security. There are many viewpoints by highly educated people on cyber security but the purpose of this paper is to tell my viewpoint on the subject. Every aspect of a persons life has some sort of cyber dimension. People paying for bills online, cloud computing, and even online gaming. This year in 2014, everyone is bombarded with news headlines that say cyber threats are up. Many of these headlines always include some kind of phishing attack trying to steal someones identity, a hacker that breached the network of a company, a new technique that attacks mobile devices like smart phones, or a government trying to monitor and take secrets from another government!!br0ken!! The concern for cyber security is now a real-world concern globally. The concern over cyber security is what is driving the governments worldwide to make it priority one on their list's now. This is so, because technology is growing at a very fast and continuous pace. The technology field itself is very vast and has much variety. Cyber security in particular though, is somewhat the backbone of technology. Most networks and data have to be protected. Mostly everyone that uses any type of computer system or network, will have something they want hidden or want protected...
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...Canadian International Council Strengthening the Non-Proliferation Regime: The Role of Coercive Sanctions Author(s): T. V. Paul Source: International Journal, Vol. 51, No. 3, Nuclear Politics (Summer, 1996), pp. 440-465 Published by: Canadian International Council Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40203123 Accessed: 30/11/2010 19:58 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=cic. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. Canadian International Councilis collaborating...
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...Case Study 1: Cyber Security in Business Organizations Abstract This paper examines the importance of cyber security in business organizations and discovering better methods to combat cyber terrorism in the future. Data breaches in the work place have become an increased threat to personal privacy as well as to the economic livelihood of many organizations. In this paper we will further examine how a simple data breach almost brought the retail giant Target to the brink of destruction and provide detailed accounts of other recent data security breaches that have effected other business organizations and discuss what could be done to prevent them. Cyber Security in Business Organizations Modern global industries rely heavily on the data that they acquire to stay relevant in order to compete in a constantly moving world of technology. Protecting present and future data from potential cyber theft has become a vital need to the economic livelihood of today’s organizations. In today’s business world, organizations must prepare themselves for not only increased vulnerability attacks from exterior threats of cyber terrorist seeking to gain access to a company’s private data and resources but also have to take in account and be mindful of the interior threat of disgruntled employees whose mission is to expose or sale company sensitive or secret data for their own profitable gain. In today’s era of computing, cyber security can be described and defined in several ways...
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...great strides in emergency response preparedness for terrorist attacks, however, one area that is still lacking is preparedness for a widespread biological terrorist attack. The threat of a bioterrorist attack in the United States is a very real and potentially convenient method of attack for numerous terrorist organizations. An attack of this type could go unnoticed in many public areas. Major transportation hubs throughout the United States are major targets for such an attack. An act of bioterrorism is a major threat to the United States that could occur unnoticed and must be dealt with immediately by providing a nationwide vaccination against all agents, better education programs for the general public, and most importantly, the prevention of such an act from happening. In October, 2001, the first confirmed case of inhalation anthrax was confirmed in Florida, which brought the word bioterrorism to mainstream America (Jernigan, 2001, p. 934). Throughout the fall of that year many people’s fears were stoked by this anthrax scare following shortly after the events of September 11, 2001. This anthrax scare highlighted that while the hospital system throughout the United States may not be completely prepared for a widespread bioterrorism attack, these hospitals could handle a small number of cases and brought bioterrorism preparation to the forefront of the Global War on Terrorism. Of the first ten cases of inhalation anthrax in the United States in 2001, four of the...
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...India Teaching Notes Introduction The Coca-Cola India case offers students a unique opportunity to look inside a crisis for one of the world’s most important brands as it occurs inside a developing nation. The case focuses specifically on issues related to brand, reputation, and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), and the intersection of all three. History reveals that companies with the strongest brands, most proactive policies of social responsibility, and deepest relationships with their consumers are the most attractive targets for NGO attacks. The very assets that define these leading companies provide the fodder NGOs are looking for to further their agendas. Global Exchange’s attacks on Starbucks over fair-trade coffee and against Nike over sweatshops in Asia, like the Center for Science and Environment’s (CSE) attack on Coca-Cola India, are all examples of NGOs using companies’ powerful reputations against them. Being an attractive target, however, need not imply vulnerability. Organizations and their leadership teams need to start thinking systematically, proactively, and strategically about their reputational risk from crises concerning CSR (corporate social responsibility) and take actions to mitigate these risks before they become reality. The CSE’s allegations of pesticide-contaminated Coke and Coca-Cola India’s response provide an important example of the world’s most important brand under attack and the steps taken in the aftermath. This example...
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...ICMP Vulnerabilities and its Countermeasures By Shweta Jhunjhunwala (MITS,Lakshmangarh) Kriti Goenka (MITS, Lakshmangarh) Sandeep Tanwar (GPMCE,IP University, Delhi) Abstract: To prevent distributed denial of service (dDoS) attack via ICMP (ping). 1. Introduction ICMP or The Internet Control Message Protocol is the de facto protocol used to communicate error messages reporting errors that might have occurred while transferring data over networks. ICMP messages are sent in several situations: for example, when adatagram cannot reach its destination, when the gateway does not have the buffering capacity to forward a datagram, and when the gateway can direct the host to send traffic on a shorter route. The purpose of these control messages is to provide feedback about problems in the communication environment, not to make IP reliable.There are still no guarantees that a datagram will be delivered or a control message will be returned.Some datagrams may still be undelivered without any report of their loss.The higher level protocols that use IP must implement their own reliability procedures if reliable communication is required. The ICMP messages typically report errors in the processing of datagrams.To avoid the infinite regress of messages about messages etc., no ICMP messages are sent about ICMP messages.Also ICMP messages are only sent about errors in handling fragment zero of fragemented datagrams.(Fragment zero has the fragment offeset equal zero). ICMP...
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...Recommendations. Comments and recommendations on the contents of the course are invited and will aid in subsequent course revisions. Please complete the course evaluation questionnaire at the end of the final examination. Return the questionnaire and the examination booklet to your proctor. M. S. REICHENBAUGH By direction (This page intentionally left blank.) Table of Contents Page Contents ............................................................................................................................ i Student Information .......................................................................................................... iii Study Guide ...................................................................................................................... v Study Unit 1 Terrorism Basics ........................................................................... 1-1 Background of Terrorism.............................................................. Objectives of Terrorism ................................................................ 1-3 1-11 Terrorist...
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...COMPUTER CRIMES A Case Study submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the completion of the course in CIS401M: IT ETHICS AND LEADERSHIP Term 3, Academic Year 2014-2015 by LORETO V. SIBAYAN PAUL MATTHEW G. AVILA Master of Science in Information Technology College of Computer Studies April 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 5 CHAPTER 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 6 CHAPTER 2 2.0 OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE 8 2.1 CYBERCRIME 9 2.2 THEORIES OF CRIME 2.2.1 CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORIES 10 2.2.2 PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES 12 2.3 TYPES OF CRIME 14 2.3 CAUSES CYBERCRIME 19 2.4 CYBERCRIME PREVENTION 22 CHAPTER 3 3.0 ANALYSIS CYBERCRIME CASES 26 SUMMARY OF CYBERCRIME CASES 38 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 43 REFERENCES 44 ABSTRACT The 21st century has brought about certain influences in the lives of everyone including the way we do business transactions, the way we gain education and the way we communicate; these influences are mostly revolutionized through the use of modern day technology and though these technologies have been proven to be beneficial to the entire society, it also carries with it aspects that can be worrying for everyone. Certain professionals in the said field use their expertise to illegally develop ways on how to take advantage of others with of course the use of technology hence cybercrime...
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...weaknesses cause an adverse impact on organizations such as financial loss, reputations, and loss of customer confidence (Kumar, Park, and Subramaniam, 2008). The purpose of applying security measures, controls, and strategies is to protect information security objectives and information assets. Integrity, confidentiality, and availability are the primary concerns in categorizing information level of safety for Information Security purposes (Chen, Shaw and Yang, 2006, Johnson, 2008 and. Nyanchama, 2005). RED FLAGS The stealing of payment card information from over 40 million Target customer was not have prevented by Target. Target could have acted on the information they received from the cyber-security firm it hired to monitor its systems. Target security team should have responded when the theft immersed in Target. Vulnerability is the downfall of information and information systems that can lead to attacks, harm, modification, destruction, disclosure, interruption, and the interception. Damage happens when information, hardware, and software are damaged due to spiteful intention. Exposure occurs when...
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