...Sociological Explanations of Age Inequality (40 Marks) Most theoretical explanations of age inequality focus on the inequalities faced by the youth and the elderly. Functionalists look at different roles taken on during ageing and have a positive outlook of the stages of ageing as it is believed to benefit society. In contrast, Marxists focus on an underlying class struggle and believe that age is a social construct made to uphold capitalism. However, the Weberian outlook is more complex as it has an interactionist approach and delves deeper into different experiences of age. Similarly, Postmodernists stress the importance of recognising that identities have become fluid and experiences are not fixed so age inequalities have become blurred. However, many of these explanations can be criticised and it is important to note that some of them do not directly refer to age inequality but can be applied to it. The functionalist approach is that society benefits from the way it treats people according to their age. Parsons, believes that people learn their role in society according to their age. He sees a child in their teen years as someone who is going through the transition of becoming an adult, whereas old age is considered as a time of dependency, created by pensions and a drop in status as the elderly become cut off from mainstream society. Eisenstaedt agrees with this as he also argued that differential age groups enable individuals to learn and acquire new social roles with contributes...
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...HCS/490 08/25/2013 Tina Folk-Cromartie Demographic Paper Like the rest of the world, the US is an ageing society. This will place substantial additional pressure on publicly-funded health, long-term and income support programs for older people. This paper analyses the demographic changes that the US faces and how they will affect those programs, concentrating on the factors that may affect the economic burden that these programs impose. The aging of the baby boom generation, the extension of life, and progressive increases in disability-free life expectancy have generated a dramatic demographic transition in the United States. Official government forecasts may, however, have inadvertently underestimated life expectancy, which would have major policy implications, since small differences in forecasts of life expectancy produce very large differences in the number of people surviving to an older age. Forecasts were made with a cohort-components methodology, based on the premise that the risk of death will be influenced in the coming decades by accelerated advances in biomedical technology that either delay the onset and age progression of major fatal diseases or that slow the aging process itself (Wiener & Tilly, 2013). . Population Demographic Data Like the rest of the world, the US is an ageing society. Between 2000 and 2050, the number of older people is projected to increase by 135%. Moreover, the population...
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...individual to act out of the ordinary. Although possession is more commonly associated with mental illness in today’s world, it can still be seen in modern religion and psychiatry. However, emphasis on the church was much more popular in early modern Europe, as it was believed that any individual who was possessed was in dire need of an exorcism from a priest. This alludes to the importance and authority of the church during this time period. Furthermore, a gender bias existed in regard to demonic possession and exorcisms, as it was far more likely for a woman to be declared possessed than a man. This study looks at the concept of demonic possession in early modern Europe and argues that during the Reformation Era, both Catholics and Protestants utilized the concept of demonic possession to legitimize their religion to society and their respective followers. Religious conflict during the sixteenth and seventeenth century helped to cement the...
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...In today’s society stereotypes are a part of our everyday lives. We hear stereotypes every day and everywhere. Sometimes we can find ourselves in a situation where we make stereotypes for a large group of people. Every person, young or old, is labelled with either positive or negative stereotypes. A stereotype is an unreliable generalization about a person or group of persons. We develop stereotypes when we are unable or unwilling to obtain all of the information we would need to make fair judgments about people or situations. There are many types of stereotypes such as racial/ethnic stereotypes, religious stereotypes, gender stereotypes, ageism stereotypes and professional stereotypes. They can be divided into three different levels according to the degree of harm they can cause to either individuals or groups. The most harmful types of stereotypes are racial/ethnic stereotypes. Since people can be born into a racial group/ethnic group based on their physical differences/national origin, they will involuntarily receive an unequal treatment as compared with members of a dominant group. The racial/ethnic stereotypes may develop some social issues that can lead to prejudice, discrimination, segregation, or even extermination. In Canada, we see many people with different skin colours, physical characteristics, and cultural patterns. For example, Historically, the North American Aboriginal population has been decimated by the European settlers from the sixteenth through the nineteenth...
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...and the market share (AIU, 2015). It is best to know who your biggest competitors are and also know who holds the biggest share of the market. Once this is known then these should be compared to all other competitors and see what the market growth is. Health care organizations will use the portfolio analysis not only to look in to their services and products provided, but into all of the organization’s department. We will take a look at how the Sisters of Charity Hospital can use a portfolio analysis within their market for growth. The hospital is located in Columbia, South Carolina as well as Cleveland and Canton, Ohio. This organization provides many different services such as service for the elderly, blood conservatories, women’s services, orthopedic services, cancer treatment, as well as screening for numerous diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancers. They also provide emergency and trauma services and service for rehabilitation. The Stars In the portfolio analysis there are four different quadrants where each product or services is rated and entered. The stars’ quadrant is located in the...
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...aging population. The number of Americans living over the age of 65 has dramatically increased in the past years. People are beginning to live well past retirement and later stages of their lives because they have remained healthy and productive. Given the fact that America is aging, it is important to have resources available for American’s who will soon dip into retirement funds and Medicare. A good question to ask as America becomes populated by more and more elderly is, “How can the unique needs and desires of each person be appropriately assessed and addressed in a rapidly changing health care environment?” In 2011 “baby boomers” began to turn 65 which accounted for 14 percent of the U.S. population, that percentage will increase to 20 by the year 2030 (APA). The average life expectancy for men is now 73 years and for women it is 80 years. These baby boomers will have a significant impact on American society and will challenge the health care delivery and financing systems. As the life expectancy increases, the elderly will spend more than half of their adult life in retirement (Helsler, 2000), many will re-enter the workforce as a way to socialize and maintain active. Employers will also discover that mature adults hold more years on experience (Helsler, 2000). Medical expenses will also rise...
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...doing well, but as the GDP decreases, this is a clear sign that the country is experiencing economic downfall. However is the GDP an adequate measure of the countries well being? There are many flaws when considering the GDP, therefore it isn’t s good economic indicator. In today’s society, unemployment rates are increasingly high. There are many people whose income relies on jobs in which they do not receive a direct pay cheque. Individuals who are unemployed often volunteer in their communities, or find other ways to occupy their time. GDP only counts money transactions, so it leaves out many favours that people provide for each other at no cost. Moreover major parts of the household economy are ignored such as care for the elderly and for children, home maintenance and cleaning, food preparation. To add on voluntary service for the environment such as church and civic groups are also uncared for when considering the GDP. However GDP assigns all these activities a value which isn’t worth anything. GDP treats all transactions that are made as a positive indicator to the economy. This includes crime, divorce, pollution and the reduction of natural resources; all of which society would see as negative aspects to the country, are considered beneficial in terms of the country’s gross domestic product. GDP accounts the breakdown...
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...Malnutrition among the Elderly Nursing 408 Malnutrition among the Elderly Introduction According to research published in the May issue of the Annals of Epidemiology, in a nation where people die from complications of too much food, some die from having too little (Lee & Berthelot, 2010). Although malnutrition is often thought of as a killer in the developing world, it's also a problem for the elderly in the United States. In this paper, I will discuss multiple concepts related to malnutrition among the elderly, and how this topic relates to epidemiology. First, I will define and describe malnutrition among the elderly. Second, I will explore the steps and methods of epidemiology related to my chosen topic of malnutrition among the elderly. Third, I will converse about the epidemiological triangle, and the type of epidemiology used for my chosen topic. Fourth, I will discuss how the characteristics of the elderly population influence vulnerability. Fifth, I will define how cultural considerations may impact health status, and any ethical or legal considerations. Last, I will explain the relationship of the malnutrition to various levels of prevention. Researchers from Louisiana State University examined data from 3,141 counties and older adult malnutrition mortality using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data. According to CDC data, between 2,000 and 3,000 older adults die from malnutrition each year (Lee & Berthelot, 2010). Trevor Rowe once said, “Unless...
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...Differences in Health Traditions and Cultures Growing diversity in the United States is veracity in the 21st century. Undeniable proof on poor quality of health care provided to ethnic and racial minorities of all ages, compared to non-minorities, were provided by The Institute of Medicine. Attempts to remove health inequalities rising from differences in culture should concentrate on creating patient-clinician reliance relationships, knowing the cultural surrounding conditions of health responses and humanizing one’s consideration to cultural differences in association with the administrative process and preferences in health care (Schmidt, 2012). Discussing the usefulness of applying a heritage evaluation in assessing the requirements of the whole person is helpful in looking at one’s roots and hereditary. The prominent sociable society in the world has raised worry on modified attention in health care. The cultural surroundings of an organization or society have extensive result on management and power of health care issues, which is necessary. The rise in public responsiveness to the support of firm health and disease anticipation has encouraged the formation of method that makes it easier for professionals in healthcare to know the people in their care. Implementing Heritage Assessment tool is one of the mechanisms to get back the attributes of a person before administrating health involvement (Edelman & Mandle, 2010). As a person from Indian background...
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...Human Service Professionals and Clients Week 3 Assignment: Client Paper University of Phoenix BSHS/305 There are so many issues that we as a human race face in today's society and some people may fare better than others when it comes to coping and dealing with problems while others may face more tumultuous events that require them to seek the help of a professional trained in Human Services. The most common problems that human service professionals deal with include: Children and Families, Elderly, Homeless, Veterans, Immigrants, People with Addictions, Criminal Records, Disabilities and Mental Illnesses. Human service workers provide a great deal of services and they all ultimately are aimed at improving client’s lives. Although the duties may vary by the job and client, all human service professionals essentially perform many of the same tasks. They interview clients, evaluate needs, create a treatment plan and put the plan into action. HSP’s often use outside services that work specifically a clients individual needs, such as addiction, job placement, assistance/aid, housing, etc. While working closely with a client, the helper will then be able identify the any problems that are preventing self sufficiency. This process includes evaluating the client’s support system, environment and values which are taken into consideration and is tailored to each individual’s specific needs. HSP’s (Human Service Professionals) cannot force assistance on someone who doesn’t want...
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...antisocial personality disorder; psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia; sexual disorders, such as sexual dysfunction; and others. Multiple psychological disorders may exist in one person ( Health Grade, 2013). The causes of these disorders are unknown; however major factors that contribute to these disorders are a person’s descent, chemical imbalances in the brain, childhood experiences, illnesses, stress, and prenatal exposures while one is still in their mother’s womb. Psychological disorders are serious and can be very detrimental to that person that has it as well as society. One psychological disorder that will be discussed in this paper is anxiety disorder, more specifically obsessive-compulsive disorder. This paper will discuss the relationship between human development and socialization, along with how this relationship affects obsessive-compulsive disorder. Throughout history Elderly Offenders Behind Bars While Reducing the Cost Over time offenders that have been sent to correctional institutions in the United States are sometimes forced to live out the rest of their lives behind bars, in the end causing overcrowding in facilities, increase numbers of aging prisoners and tax payers millions of dollars (Aday, 1994). In 2008 alone, the cost for correctional systems for federal, state, and local systems was $75 billion, much of it spent on older inmates (Warner, Schmitt, & Gupta, 2010). This is money that could have been spent on more beneficial projects like...
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...States: A Flawed Society People in the United States pay too much for the healthcare benefits they receive, and some have a poor quality of life. Advancements in technology and medical science allow people to live longer, but at times living longer has an adverse effect on the elderly. In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson wrote, “all men are created equal,” yet in today’s healthcare system, all citizens are not treated as equal. Moreover, quality healthcare is provided only to those who can afford it. Due to sociocultural differences and socioeconomic changes in the United States, health disparities are at an all-time high. Rising healthcare costs and the under-regulated health insurance industry directly correlate to poor health, and true healers are few and far between. In our society, those who can afford it stay healthy, and the remaining population is forced to live without proper medical care. Many problems exist with regard to healthcare in the US including poverty, crime, ethics, and policy, but the most overwhelming is cost. President Obama’s Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, called Obama-Care by some, is a start, but our society has a long way to go in bringing affordable healthcare to all Americans. Functionalists would view the healthcare system as if nothing is wrong, calling it a trend in society and finding some rationale to justify their position on the subject. For instance, John Carl explains that “elderly people begin to...
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...Examination of Clinical Psychology Paper Francine Morgan PSY 480 June 11, 2012 Professor Elizabeth Kane Examination of Clinical Psychology Paper A branch of psychology that deals with assessing and treating abnormal behavior, psychiatric disorders, and mental illness is clinical psychology which is a form of science psychology. In this field of clinical psychology, psychologist treats elderly individuals, young children and their families, even though an individual’s socioeconomic status is not an issue in the decision making process of who should receive treatment. Clinical psychologist deals with an individual that has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and individual coping with his or her own issues, such as losing a love one or divorce. Clinical psychologist let’s patients express his or her frustrations while assisting them in understanding his or her ability and skills in using different techniques to help patients, depending on their psychologist’s area of expertise. In the early 1800’s, psychology has been around since 2500 B.C. In this time, the approach to examining mental health involved supernatural, religious aspects, and medical. The Greek physician Hippocrates, known as the father of ancient medicine, played a role in the development of psychology. The Hippocrates came up with the theory of humors, which consists of four bodily fluids, and they are the key to good health, which the fluid colors are yellow bile, black bile, blood and phlegm...
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...THIRD WORLD COUNTRY ( MADAGASCAR) PUBLIC HEALTH STATUS Public Health Life expectancy at birth has gradually improved from an average of 37.5 years for men and 38.3 years for women in 1966 to an average of fifty-two years for men and fifty-five years for women in 1990 (for a combined average of fifty-four). Malaria remains the most serious tropical disease, although eradication campaigns against mosquitoes waged since 1948 initially resulted in spectacular declines in incidence and a dramatic decrease in the island's mortality rate during a twenty-year period. Indeed, in some regions, especially the central highlands, these campaigns were almost completely successful, although malaria continues to be prevalent in the coastal regions, especially the east coast. As prevention practices faltered during the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s, the mosquito staged a comeback. The effect on a population with a significantly reduced resistance to malaria was devastating. For example, the Malagasy Ministry of Health reported 490,000 cases and 6,200 deaths from malaria in 1985, but these figures rose--to 760,000 cases and 11,000 deaths--in 1987. As of 1994, other serious diseases included schistosomiasis, tuberculosis, and leprosy. The prevalence of schistosomiasis, a parasitic ailment that spreads primarily through the passing of human wastes into ponds, irrigation canals, and slow-moving streams, reflects the continued lack of adequate sewage facilities, especially in the rural areas...
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...University of Phoenix Material Appendix I Part I Define the following terms: |Term |Definition | |Ageism |Ageism or age discrimination is stereotyping and discriminating against individuals or | | |groups because of their age. It is a set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, and values used to | | |justify age based prejudice, discrimination, and subordination. | |Baby boomer |A baby boomer is a person who was born during the demographic post-World War II baby boom | | |between the years 1946 and 1964, according to the U.S. Census Bureau.[1] The term "baby | | |boomer" is sometimes used in a cultural context. | |Americans with Disabilities Act |The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990[1][2] (ADA) is a law that was enacted by the | | |U.S. Congress in 1990. It was signed into law on July 26, 1990, by President George H. W. | | |Bush, and later amended with changes effective January 1, 2009.[ | |Visitability |Visitability is an international...
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