...MARIELY NORRIS IR-6635-XTIA 11/T1 THIRD ESSAY: 14 OCTOBER 2011 9/11 TERRORIST ATTACKS IMPACT ON US NATIONAL SECURITY TABLE OF CONTENT Introduction US Government changes since 9/11 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act Intelligence Reform The USA Patriot Act National Defense Programs Conclusion References INTRODUCTION Ten years have passed since the United States was attacked by Al-Qaeda terrorists on September 11, 2001. The event was a crucial moment in U.S. history. After it was discovered that the attacks were delivered by Al-Qaeda, the information sparked intense debate in the political world. Former President George W. Bush decided to pass a large amount of U.S. legislation to strengthen U.S. National Security. The impact of 9/11 is clearly visible in the policies adopted by the United States government in the wake of the disaster. On October 7, 2001, the United States invaded Afghanistan in response to the September 11 attacks. On March 20, 2003, the Iraq War began. Many people feel that the changes put forth by the U.S. government have benefited the livelihood of Americans. This might be true as the United States has not experienced a major terrorist attack since September 11, 2001. Other people feel that the spending has hurt the United States economy, pushing America into a series of economic downfalls. US GOVERNMENT CHANGES SINCE 9/11 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance...
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...INTRODUCTION On September 11, 2001, 19 militants associated with the al-Qaeda group hijacked four airlines and carried out suicide attacks against targets in the United States. Two of the planes were flown into the towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, a third plane hit the Pentagon just outside the Washington D.C., and the fourth plane crashed in a field in Pennsylvania. The attacks resulted in extensive death and destruction, triggering major US initiatives to combat terrorism and defining the presidency of George W. Bush. Over 3,000 people were killed during this attack including more than 400 police officers and firefighters. LITERATURE REVIEW From the previous studies conducted by the researchers from various countries, the findings showed that: A. Direct losses: i. Human lives ii. Property costs iii. Emergency response and clean-up costs iv. Heath effects v. Temporary housing B. Indirect loses: i. Lost employee income from firms that closed or were cut back ii. Lost employee income from firms that were dependent on firms that were closed or cut back iii. Lost expenditures iv. Lost tax revenues C. Costs of losses: i. Property clean-up, rescue and policing- $14 billion ii. Disabilities and trauma- $3 billion iii. Business interruption/ Training/ Liability losses- $21 billion iv. Lost wages- $ 9.6 billion D. Raising of transactions costs: i. Higher operating costs: Businesses experience...
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...9/11: A Day Remembered Forever It was a clear Tuesday morning; September 11, 2001, nineteen Islamic terrorists from Saudi Arabia and other Arab nations boarded four fully fueled American airliners. These airliners were set to depart to cities in California. Little did the staff for each of the planes or the people boarding them know that plans had changed. Within the space of an hour, al Qaeda wreaked more direct damage on the United States than the Soviet Union had done throughout the entire cold war, a tragedy seen by more people than any other event in history. (Bergen, 2006) Many questions were garnered after September 11, 2001. What caused this horrific attack and who’s to blame for it? Was this attack forecasted, could we have seen it coming and prevented it? What do we do now and how do we prevent it from happening again? People in America were terrified but at the same time came together in the face of tyranny. On September 11, 2001, nineteen militants associated with the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda boarded and hijacked four American airliners and carried out suicide attacks against targets in the United States. At 8:45 a.m. an American Airlines Boeing 767 loaded with 20,000 gallons of jet fuel crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Center in New York City. The impact left a huge, burning hole near the 80th floor of the 110-story skyscraper, immediately killing hundreds of people and trapping hundreds more in higher floors. As the evacuation of...
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...the 9/11 attacks, there were other terrorist events that took place on U.S. soil. Two of these were the Oklahoma City bombing and the World Trade Center bombings. Even though these attacks were devasting they did not have the same impact as the 9/11 attacks. The 9/11 attacks helped to lead to the creation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The 9/11 attacks was the impetus for forming DHS because of an impulse. An impulse to enhance efforts to protect the United States. The essence of homeland security can be summed up in three words: prevent, protect, and respond. The ideal objective is to prevent terrorist attacks. It was also desirable that potential targets of terrorism are not left completely vulnerable to attack, that protection is increased to the fullest extent possible. When 9/11 happened it finally put the boot in America’s behind that something had to be put into place to protect Americans and the U.S. Prior to 9/11, the Oklahoma City bombing and the World Trade Center bombings caused devastation for many but did not have the same impact as 9/11. I think this is because they were smaller events and the individuals guilty of these attacks were caught after a complete investigation. Once these events happened the government and police got right into investigating the incidents and finding the culprits thus reassuring Americans that they are protected and can trust the government which I do not think was the case of 9/11. ...
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...few moments have had the amount of security influence of the attacks of September 11, 2001. The deadliest attack on American Soil has had an everlasting impact on the government. It provided the framework for creating one of the largest government agencies; The Department of Homeland Security. John Smith Throughout American History very few moments have had the amount of security influence of the attacks of September 11, 2001. The deadliest attack on American Soil has had an everlasting impact on the government. It provided the framework for creating one of the largest government agencies; The Department of Homeland Security. Impetus of the DHS 2 September 11, 2001 changed how the American public and government view homeland security. The attacks on the World Trade Center and the U.S Pentagon were the deadliest attacks on U.S soil since Pearl Harbor sixty years prior. These events single handedly thrust the United States into the homeland security mindset, becoming a proactive in the fight against terrorism, becoming a national security state. Although not the first attack on U.S soil the 9/11 attacks became the catalyst for the way American people view security and continues to be the defining factor in prevention of future attacks. Prior to the 9/11 attacks the United States had a multitude of federal agencies with terrorism task forces and investigators. Leading up to the attacks the 9/11 Commission identified several instances where information had...
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...Criminal Justice System Lessons Learned Post 9/11 The purpose of this paper is to discuss the importance of interagency collaboration in the criminal justice system, the changes that were made and lessons learned following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. In the wake of the events that followed the 9/11 attacks many problems were revealed within the criminal justice system, especially those affecting the law enforcement community. One of those problems was the lack of interaction between the police departments and other local/state law enforcement with the federal law enforcement agencies. Local law enforcement agencies are the primary responders to any incident of crime or terror, therefore developing a better interagency collaboration in order to share information is essential in order to prevent future attacks. Prior to the 9/11 attacks many of the agencies believed in keeping information within their own realm due to protocols and security clearances. These criminal justice agencies each had pieces to a puzzle, but because these agencies never worked together, those pieces would never be put together to reveal the bigger picture. The 9/11 events revealed the lack of interaction and set about a positive change that would impact the way the criminal justice system approached their problem solving. One of those changes was the reorganization of the federal law enforcement agencies, including the creation of the Department of Homeland Security and the Transportation...
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...The impacts 9/11 had on the US were devastating. Osama Bin Laden wrote a letter to America stating the reasons al-Qaeda blamed the US for the 9/11 attack. According to the letter, the reasons were- U.S. military presence in Saudi Arabia, U.S. support for Israel, and U.S. supported economic sanctions on Iraq. The attack increased the overall military’s presence, along with leaving the people startled and frightened for what was next to come. Though New York felt the major hit on its economic strength, the attack caused a major dip in tourism and the downfall of more than 18,000 businesses. The effects of 9/11 on U.S. domestic and foreign security policy lead to several expensive wars, as well as the reactions to terrorism playing an important role in shaping support for national security policy. Al-Qaeda was successful in disrupting America’s economy, terrifying the citizens and creating more wars throughout the US. Since 9/11/01, the government has struggled with a lack of money to keep the United States moving forward with domestic initiatives. President George W. Bush increased the size of the government by creating the Department of Homeland Security. Its primary missions are preventing terrorist attacks within the U.S., reducing the exposure of the U.S. to terrorism, and minimizing the damage from potential attacks and natural disasters. The Patriot Act was signed on October 26, 2001 in response to 9/11. This Act strengthened domestic security and expanded the powers...
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...A tragedy happened on September 11th, 2001. Our nation witnessed an unbearable, emotional terrorist attack on live television. The Twin Tower was destroyed by two planes that flew into the south and north tower. Moreover, the aftermath took “3.1 million hours of labor to clean up 1.8 million tons of debris at a total cost of cleanup of $750 million”. The impact caused polluted air throughout the city. Thousands of hard working people died. Thus, 9/11 became a terrible event in America that impacted memories and lives. The Twin Towers were known for its massive architecture in New York City. It was completed (April 4, 1973), the towers grabbed attention due to its beauty of architecture. The Towers were, “One and Two World Trade Center, rose at the heart of the complex”. Moreover, the Twin Towers took...
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...The day that will never be forgotten September 11, 2001 By: Alex Goldsmith Class 004-17 ALC 88H30 07 April 2017 The day that will never be forgotten. Over the course of our nation’s history there has been many events that will forever be engraved in the minds of Americans. Many live were lost that day for unknown reasons. This event may not be the worst disaster to ever happen on American soil, but this day will forever be remembered and changed the world as we once knew it. The attackers were part of the Islamic terrorist group from Saudi Arabia and several other Arabic nations. There were 19 militants that smuggled on box-cutters and knives through security and were undetected. Al-Qaeda claimed responsibility for the 19 men that...
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...was Major of the Marine Corp that worked in the Pentagon at the time. The day went on dreadfully for my boss and everyone at work as well. For years, the combination of fear of the 9/11 attacks and the media evidence provided by conspiracy theorists has caused me to be paranoid not only whenever I was in a close distance with men from the Middle East, but also thinking that the U.S. government was behind the master ploy. While 1/3 of the American population believes that 9/11 is the inside job of the Bush government due to the psychological impacts of the national crisis upon their mind;...
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...Terrorism and Homeland Security: The Impacts on Preventative Measures Abstract This paper explores four different topics on homeland security and anti-terrorism policies. The creation of the Department of Homeland Security or (HDS). What policies had to be implemented and what did the creation of a new agency affected or benefit. The impact that international terrorism has caused the United States of America and how this policies and changes help build a stronger defense against them. The implementation of local enforcement agencies and the community in the fight to deter terrorist attacks. The Federal Emergency Management Agency or (FEMA) and how organizational bureaucracy hindered cooperation and communication among local and federal agencies. This paper will address what measures have been and can be taken in the future to improve inter-agency cooperation and communication. Table of Content Terrorism and Homeland Security: The Impacts on Preventative Measures Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………2 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………..4 Terrorism and the creation of the DHS………................................................................................4 USA PATRIOT ACT……………………………………………………………………………...5 Appropriate roles of agencies and community………………………………………………….5-6 Preventative plans…………………………………………………………………………………6 Community Emergency Response………………………………………………………………...6 FEMA……………………………………………………………………………………………..7 National Response Plan…………………………………………………………………………...
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...On September 11, 2001, at 8:45 a.m. on a clear Tuesday morning, an American Airlines Boeing 767 loaded with 20,000 gallons of jet fuel crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Centre in New York City. The impact left a gaping, burning hole near the 80th floor of the 110-story skyscraper, instantly killing hundreds of people and trapping hundreds more in higher floors. As the evacuation of the tower and its twin got underway, television cameras broadcasted live images of what initially appeared to be a freak accident. Then, 18 minutes after the first plane hit, a second Boeing 767–United Airlines Flight 175–appeared out of the sky, turned sharply toward the World Trade Centre and sliced into the south tower near the 60th floor. The collision caused a massive explosion that showered burning debris over surrounding buildings and the streets below. America was under attack. The attackers were Islamic terrorists from Saudi Arabia and several other Arab nations. Reportedly financed by Saudi fugitive Osama Bin Ladens al-Qaeda terrorist organization, they were allegedly acting in retaliation for America's support of Israel, its involvement in the Persian Gulf War and its continued military presence in the Middle East. Some of the terrorists had lived in the United States for more than a year and had taken flying lessons at American commercial flight schools. Others had slipped into the country in the months before September 11 and acted as the "muscle" in the operation. The 19...
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...Changes in Aviation Since 9/11 Attacks Kristopher Preston Embry Riddle Aeronautical University Changes in Aviation Since 9/11 Attacks Introduction The September 11th terror attacks were a sequence of four attacks by al-Qaeda terrorists on the United States. They were carried out by al-Qaeda, an Islamic terrorist group. The terrorist attacks were launched in New York City and in the metropolitan area in Washington D.C on Tuesday, 11 September 2001. 19 al-Qaeda terrorists commandeered four planes and flew them into buildings in suicide attacks. Among the planes that were hijacked, were United Airlines Flight 175 and American Airlines Flight 11. These planes were crashed into the South and North towers of the World Trade center, respectively. American Airlines Flight 77 was crashed into the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, widely known as The Pentagon. The fourth plane was United Airlines Flight 93. Despite being targeted at Washington, D.C, its passengers tried to overcome the hijackers and ended up being crashed into an open field in Pennsylvania. The attacks killed approximately 3000 people. Among them included all 19 hijackers and the 227 passengers who were aboard the four planes. The 9/11 terrorist attacks are considered the most fatal case for firefighters in United States history. The bipartisan Commission was given the mandate of researching and presenting its conclusions, findings and recommendations that would ensure that a similar scenario...
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...the evening of September 11 the year 2001, George Bush addressed the United States of America upon the incident of the terrorist attack that had occurred about 12 hours earlier. The attack would define the presidency of Bush that would lead to the changes in the foreign policies of America, the Iraq and Afghanistan interventions as well as years of how to combat terrorism controversies. The president wanted to assure Americans that they still had a functioning government, listing the support from other nations in the terrorism fight and promise and vow to bring those who were involved to justice. That was when men who were 19 in number colluded and worked together to highjack four airplanes that were heading for California. The essay below looks into the various aspects of the speech that the president presented mainly to comfort as well as encourage the Americans despite the attack, in the speech. It looks at the impacts of the address, his resent on the incident, his personality, in addition to his efforts to assure American citizens of the government’s industrious steps to protect them as well as the impacts that the speech had after the proposed counterterrorism measures that involved developing a robust national security as discussed in the paper. The President of America, George Bush addressed upon the unfortunate events of 9-11 that had unfolded in 2011 the month of September according to the article “George W. Bush - Address to the Nation on 9-11-01. He begins by expressing...
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...Smith, Natalie. What Happened on 9/11? http://www.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=3756477 This article focuses on what happened during the 9/11, who attacked us, how did America respond to 9/11, how America changed after 9/11. The person that led this attack was a man Osama bin Laden. 9/11 Attacks. E Networks, 2010. http://www.history.com/topics/9-11-attacks This article focuses on how many people were killed, how many police officers and firefighters that were on duty, how victims and firefighters, police men reacted to the situation. On 9/11 there were 400 firefighters and policemen on duty. Goldstein, Sasha. Osama Bin Laden Shooter Rob O’Neill Inspired to Speak out after Emotional Visit with 9/11 Families. New York: Friday, November 14, 2014, 1:10 PM, 2014. http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/rob-o-neill-inspired-9-11-families-speak-article-1.2011126 This article focuses on the views of the victims and how it affected them physically, mentally, emotionally. How this man Robert O’Neill gives closure to the families of victims of 9/11 because he was the person to kill Osama bin Laden. Raskin, Molly. The First Victim of Sept. 11. 2014. http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/history/2013/09/danny_lewin_the_first_victim_on_9_11_and_an_architect_of_the_internet.html This article focuses on the first victim of 9/11 Danny Lewin. How he was trying to stop the hijacking for Flight 11 became the first victim of 9/11. Grann, David. The Heartbreaking...
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