...The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) is a global organization that is based throughout the world in over 150 countries. It is a leader in the fight against international crime, illegal drugs, crime and terrorism. Cultural issues are part of this organizations responsibility as it seeks to assist Member States in concerted efforts to improve the lives of everyday people. As global threats are on the rise, the UNODC continues to grow and its impact can be felt on many ethical and social levels. In 1987 there were two United Nations Divisions for Drug and Crime Prevention that combined into the organization known today as the UNODC. The UNODC came into existence as a means to better assist the UN in issues of international importance. They launch campaigns every year to raise awareness against drugs and crime and commemorate International Anti-Corruption Day. It is a member of the United Nations Development Group and has a broad spectrum of international aims and functions. It employs about 1,500 people that are based throughout the world. Its main field and liaison offices are located in New York City, Brussels, and Vienna, Austria. The current Executive Director is Yuri Fedotov, formally a Russian Ambassador to the United Kingdom. The Strategy for the UNODC covering the next three years has been set in motion. According to United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime website (2012), it encompasses areas with sound based programs such as; “countering...
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...the most powerful illegal drug trafficking organizations operating in the United States. The Norte Valle Cartel was based off of the Valle del Cauca of Colombia, but smuggled tons of cocaine into the U.S. The estimated amount of cocaine exported weighed roughly 500 tons and racked in an estimated amount of $10 billion dollars since the mid 1990s. With the financial cushion the organization did buy many informants and influenced many high priority officials that would even give escorted security against any enemy organization that would try to rob them. The Norte De Valle Cartel was brought together after the downfall of the Cali Cartel where the former leaders who were not in custody banded together. Ramon Quintero Sanclemente was regarded as a high-ranking member of the Norte Valle Cartel and was even given a capture reward of $5 million dollars. He was also held as one of the top 10 most wanted DEA drug traffickers in the world. He was regarded as one of the last known leaders of the organization and a major Mexican drug cartel asset who helped import large amounts of top quality cocaine into the United States approximately 50 metric tons. II. FINDINGS Back in 2007, the FBI captured the Norte Valle Cartel’s kingpin Diego Montoya Sanchez. Sanchez, also known as “Don Diego,” was captured by the army in the Cartel’s stronghold in Colombia. Sanchez had been on the top ten of the FBI’s most wanted for exporting tons of cocaine to the United States. His arrest came in the midst...
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...Page 1 DRUG TRAFFICKING IN THE UNITED STATES ENG12; ENGILSH COMPOSTION II RASHAAN FORD August 27, 2012 TINA MILLER Page 2 ABSTRACT This research paper is designed to bring awareness to threat drug trafficking posses on the United States. The backlash of drug trafficking is critical, and has caused a crisis throughout the nation. The drugs that are getting through the borders of U.S are creating an epidemic. The people of the U.S are abusing these drugs and destroying lives and families. Page 3 Introduction Drug trafficking remains an issue due to the corruption in our legal system. The corruption in our legal system poses a threat to our economy, and our communities, which in return affects the lives of the people, especially in the African American youths in urban communities. The writer limits their topics to the four issues in my claim. The four topics are border patrol, corruption in the legal system, dug trafficking in African American youths, and how drugs are affecting lives. By limiting the topics the reader will get the points that are trying to be made in this paper. This research paper it will present the reasons behind the current problems dealing with drug trafficking in the United States. This paper includes the claims involving drug trafficking and the justification by giving the importance of the claim. The reader will see the methods that were used to gather information used in research findings. Page 4 SCOPE/TOPIC ...
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...A Look at Racial Disparity in the United States Prison System Micah O’Daniel Institutional Corrections 2/22/11 Racial inequality in the American criminal justice system has a strong effect of many realms of society such as the family life, and employment. Education and race seem to be the most decisive factors when deciding who goes to jail and what age cohort has the greatest percentage chance of incarceration. Going to prison no longer affects just the individual who committed the crime. Instead, the family and community left behind gain a new burden by one individual's actions. The United States still has a large disparity between Whites and Blacks and now a growing Hispanic population. This racial disparity in the educational system, job sector, and neighborhoods have all contributed to the booming prison population in the latter part of the 20th century which has only continued to widen in the 21st century. At the end of 2006, the Bureau of Justice released data that stated that there were 3,042 black male prisoners per 100,000 black males in the United States, compared to 1,261 Hispanic male prisoners per 100,000 Hispanic males, and 487 white male prisoners per 100,000 white males (USDOJ, 2008). The likelihood of black males going to prison in their lifetime is 16% compared to 2% of white males and 9% of Hispanic males (USDOJ, 2008). Other social factors can be linked to the racial inequality in the criminal justice system such as socioeconomic status, the environment...
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...including social welfare plans, availability and ease of access to health services, formal education and job opportunities. Debates on how to handle this issue on political platforms is an enough illustration of the problems political leaders undergo in looking for a lasting solution challenged by increased pressure from court orders and rigorous financial crisis. It is therefore evident that it is much easier to have overcrowded prisons than it is to develop and implement effective and efficient ways to manage overcrowding in prisons. Overcrowding in prisons is a broad problem that is centered on issues of policies and crime research. These issues involve criminal sentencing, the role of correctional facilities and sentences, accommodation of prisoners with access to health care and rehabilitation services and causes of crimes. Moreover, issues of which crime attracts what sentence, prison budgets, economic hardships and criminal policies in determining the kinds of punishment are all attached to overcrowding in prisons. Overcrowding in Prisons is a challenging issue due to its complexity in determining how all these issues affect it. Lack of clarity on how various issues interact and under what conditions...
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...INTRODUCTION The present global socio-economic-political and technological landscapes have undeniably pose serious challenges and opportunities to the United States as the only super power in the world at the present. It is not only globally superior in terms of military might and technology but also the biggest economy in the world. Such epitome of global success and leadership for more than a century has been the very beneficial to the U.S. and its economy particularly in the pre-9/11 and pre-2007 global financial crisis eras. But these events particularly the 9/11 attack for example have created serious blow to the U.S. global leadership and its image. Like in the area of the U.S. foreign policy in which its global image defends upon that has also significant implications on its economy, global economic and political interest. Hypothesis The evolution U.S. Foreign Policy for example has been intertwined with the changes of the socio-economic-political and technological landscapes. But for the first time in U.S. History, Terrorism has become the major cause of the abrupt changed in its Foreign Policy which has some serious implications on its national security, political and economic interests in different regions of the globe including West African region which composed of countries like Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Democratic Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mauritania, Namibia, Nigeria...
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...justice system is changing every year to protect and serve society better than the years before. The United States government, the state police, and local police look at the past to make changes for the future in fighting crime. The responsibilities of the state and local police are to fight crime by enforcing the law, apprehended offenders, prevent crime, and preserve the peace among societies. On September 11, 2001 police responsibilities changed because of the attack on the United States. State police expanded their responsibilities to fight terrorism, new laws, and new types of crimes. The criminal justice system has two main aims, which are to manage crime and to guarantee due process. This paper will discuss past, recent, and future trends, contemporary issues that are affecting the criminal justice system, and the criminal justice system in a changing society. Past Trends In the 1960’s the general downward crime rates that been marked since the 1930’s came to an end. Crime report rose, more arrests were being made, lawmakers started passing tougher laws that increased penalties, cases prosecuted by the court increased, more people was placed in prisons and jails, or placed on probation or parole, and spending by the government grew for criminal justice institutions. The Federal Government changed in an effort to fight crime. In the 1960’s, the use of illegal drugs became widespread. The government responded with broad programs with arrests, large numbers of incarceration...
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...Drug Legalization Drug legalization is an increasingly common topic that’s debated frequently. Drug legalization is not considered a glamorous topic by any means and in fact many prefer to sweep the protruding issues of drug legislation under the rug. In the United States alone since the beginning of the war on drugs in 1972 they’ve increased spending 17,000% from $101,000,000 to $17,400,000,000 in 1999.(McNamara, J. D. (1999)). While many might think that greatly increased spending most have major positive impacts on drug use it’s in fact quite the contrary. Overdoses on heroin have skyrocketed from 2,000 in 2004 to 10,000 in 2014 (Overdose Death Rates((2015). )). Additionally the United States currently has close to 25% of the world's...
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...I Introduction Trade in drugs of abuse such as cocaine, heroin and amphetamines has long been a frustrating feature of the international scene. After attempting for years to combat the drug trade on an individual or bilateral bases, nations have belatedly come to realize that coordinated international action is the only effective way to restrain the trade and, in addition, that social and other broad action is the only means to reduce incentives to participate it. A. Background of the Study Drug is, in the broadest of terms, a chemical substance that has known biological effects on humans or other animals. Foods are generally excluded from this definition, in spite of their physiological effects on animal species. In pharmacology, a drug is “a chemical substance used in the treatment, cure, prevention, or diagnosis of disease or used to otherwise enhance physical or mental well-being. Pharmaceutical drugs may be used for a limited duration, or on a regular basis for chronic disorders. Psychoactive drugs are chemical substances that affect the function of the nervous system, altering perception, mood or consciousness. Alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine are the most widely consumed psychoactive drugs worldwide. Recreational drugs are drugs that are not used for medical purpose, but are instead used for pleasure. Common recreational drugs include alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine, as well as other substances such as opiates and amphetamines. Some drugs can cause addiction and habituation...
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...African-American Males, Incarceration and Structural African-American Males, Incarceration and Structural Inequality Incarceration in the United States is one of the main forms of punishment or as many would like to state forms of rehabilitation. With that being the case, the United States, while being considered one of the most powerful and influential countries in the world boasts the highest “rehabilitation” rate in the world. The staggering part remains that not only do we have the highest prison population but our incarceration rate continues to grow as our creativity or desire to solve this problem continues to stagnate. One of the major issues when researching incarceration rates is the obvious elevated rate of young African-American males that are sentenced. While the percentage of African-American incarcerated males is extremely high the length of their sentences are shockingly elevated compared to the majority of population in the United States. “One in every nine African-American males aged 25-29 were in prison or jail in 2009, compared to one in twenty-seven Latino males and one in sixty white males in the same age group, according to the Sentencing Project”. ("State of Young America," 2009, para. 11) The question currently being dealt with in the United States is how do we accommodate all of these prisoners? Our countries answer has been quite simple, to build more prisons or as some would sugarcoat it, “rehabilitation facilities”. The correct question...
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...Drug Treatment for Offenders Nicole Myers 20700 CRIJ 1304 Probation and Parole Abstract The addiction to drugs is a difficult thing for any individual to deal with. Often, addiction leads to the decline of a person’s well-being, financial security, and health. Drug addicts have a hard time keeping a job, their families suffer the consequences, and sometimes the addicts find themselves either in trouble with the law, or homeless on the street. There is an epidemic of almost epic proportions in this wonderful nation called the United States. However, this epidemic is not only national; it is worldwide. And because of this epidemic there are other problems in society such as an increase in crime and prison overcrowding. The epidemic is that of Substance Abuse and Addiction. The penal systems of each state house more prisoners due to drug related crimes than any other. Treatment instead of incarceration would be beneficial to the addict himself and to society as a whole. Evidence shows treatment would lower the amount of criminal activity due to substance abuse and addiction. Logic shows that if a problem is cured then the consequences of the problem disappear. There are different points of view on the subject of treatment or incarceration for those criminals who are substance abusers. And there are valid points in either argument. The viewpoint in favor of incarceration is supported by the deterrence and incapacitation theory. This theory promotes increased arrests, prosecutions...
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...Drugs and crime Author Institution What 2 theories did you select? Briefly identify and describe them This paper will deal with biological and sociology theories. Biological theory Emerged in 19th century in response to the moralistic nature theories biological theories used a disease model to explain addiction. Sociology theory attempts to create an Understanding on how phenomena such as drug and alcohol use and abuse are defined is important in helping us to discover explanations and creating social policies. How does this theory explain drug use and abuse? Explain in detail For biological theory for the model as an illness, addiction was seen as one thing that was promptly spread. Drugs were seen as toxins that destroyed the body. More modern biological theories have targeted on the subsequent two areas as well as neurochemical bases for addiction and propagation bases for addiction. Neurochemical explanations determine the supply of addiction in neurotransmission, which may be outlined as, the mechanism by that signals or impulses are sent from one nerve cell to a different. Briefly describe the individual, the offense, and the drugs used. State prison inmate reported being under the influence of drugs when committing violent offenses including rape harassment and destruction of properties. How much influence did drugs appear to have on the individual with regard to committing the crime? Explain. These crimes embrace people who are important to the activity of...
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...Arms Trafficking between the United States and Mexico: The Drug Trafficking Nexus Transnational Crime and Globalization By: Katrina T. Mason May 2, 2008 The United States is quite known for their proactive stances on the “War on Drugs”, “War on Terror”, and “War in Iraq”. Some view them as the international police and others view them as the international fiend, but it is in no doubt that the United States takes a very active stance in fighting what they believe is evil and wrong within the world. This is increasingly true for the evils that occur within its own borders such as the continued drug epidemic, domestic violence, child abuse, poverty, gangs, and prostitution (with the exception of Nevada). Unfortunately though, the United States’ stance on legal activities crossing from their own governance into neighboring states where the activity is illegal is not held with the same level of concern or dedication. A primary example of this double standard can be seen on the Mexican-United States border. This is not in reference to the debris from the giant wall being built on the Mexican border falling to the southern side, the young Americans fleeing across the borders to intoxicate themselves, or even the revolution of McDonalds springing up in towns throughout Mexico; but instead to the small arms and light weapons trafficking continually flowing down from the border states into Mexico causing alarming murder rates, economical...
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...Controlling Organized Crime Organized Crime’s Political and Corporate Alliances Week 5 Organized Crime Organized crime acts with clearly defined business criteria, planning their activities in accordance with the economic criteria of supply and demand, looking at the impact of research and action penalizing the state, a situation that allows them to regulate the upward or downward prices. Similarly, they structure their activity with the division of labor and specialization of labor. In Colombia for example it is absolutely clear; is merely observe the management model of organizations dedicated to drug trafficking, organized gangs of kidnappers, groups that launder money, multinational organizations, the trafficking, trade in precursors for the production of coca, posters gasoline, counterfeiters, etc. There is very little agreement about what is organized crime. The various perspectives with which he has been treated show that protein is a highly changeable phenomenon, complex, and therefore difficult to apprehend in theoretical concepts and, even more, in criminal law. Several factors combine to pay in this difficulty. First, it is a relatively new phenomenon, or at least perceived in its social dimension does very little in regard to Europe. Second, it is a more abstract traditional criminal phenomena such as drug trafficking offenses, money laundering, human trafficking, etc.; methods of operation; criminal liability; transnational activities, and their respective...
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...Juvenile Crime Statistics Juan Ramirez CJA/374 April 15, 2012 Jerry Kilgo Abstract In this paper I will address juvenile crime statistics, from the Juvenile Justice Bulletin show a growing trend, in that juvenile crime actually appears to be declining according to the Juvenile Arrests 2001 Report. Even though there is a decline in juvenile offenses but the juvenile drugs and juvenile aggravated assault has increased. About 50% of the juvenile crimes be committed by female juveniles. Also I will be covering Minority and female juveniles and the tracking the juvenile crimes. Juvenile Arrests Juvenile crime has been an issue throughout the 1800s. Dealing with juvenile crime committed and examine the juvenile arrests, and criminal activity, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention a study of juvenile arrest statistics (FindLaw, 2011). In Juvenile Justice Bulletin there was a decrease in arrest in juveniles. According, to the Juvenile Justice Bulletin it shows that it was the lowest since 1988 of juvenile arrests being arrested (Flores, 2003). In 1994 juveniles peaked over and also in 1995 and around 2001 juveniles being arrested dropped. In Juvenile Justice Bulletin it breaks down the juvenile crimes committed from aggravated assaults committed by juveniles. It was lower 2001 and down in 1991 but aggravated assaults were lower in 2001 than any other year from 1991. Juveniles that committed murders were low from 1984. Robberies...
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