...Mongolian forces were, they were not without their costly disadvantages. First and foremost, the Mongols were “land-based fighters” (Grousset 291). They fought well on practically any terrain, but they needed open space in order to ride and use their bows effectively. Small, confined spaces were death traps for them as their primary method of fighting was to keep their enemies at range. Following this, they did not have much use or need for maritime fields, opting instead to use sailors and ships from the areas they had conquered, namely China and Korea. Ships, especially “seafaring vessels for open water, were expensive to produce and the Mongols often opted for using cheap Chinese riverboats for their nautical excursions, the attempted invasions of Japan being notable here,” as stated in the book The Cambridge History of...
Words: 510 - Pages: 3
...mnxz cmzx czxmkldjfdskcmdsjkfcnskcnskjcnsc sckscm dkcsdkfcjcnsejcnjThe Great Wall Of China Research Paper Sample The Great Wall of China Research Paper Introduction The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest historical monuments that people inherited from the ancient epoch. Some elements of the Great Wall of China, built hundreds of years ago, still exist and attract millions of tourists. The question concerning the reasons for the creation such a huge construction still remains unanswered. Nowadays, it is only possible to suggest different theories and presuppositions concerning the creation of the Great Wall, but it is very difficult to give a definite answer to the question of the reasons for its creation. However, specialists (Waldron and Barfield) agree that the construction of the Great Wall of China was particularly intensive during the Ming dynasty and they emphasize that the Wall did not really had its strategic defensive significance but they rather indicate to the foreign relationships of China and Mongols as one of the major factor that defined the policy of the Ming court at the epoch. But the positions of Waldron and Barfield, in spite of seeming similarities, differ consistently since Thomas Barfield rather gives us a model for the long-term trends, history is actually made in real time, by specific persons with specific arguments. Only Arthur Waldron’s detailed picture of the policy paralysis at the Ming court offers a convincing case of why the Great Wall...
Words: 1934 - Pages: 8
...Genghis Khan Research Paper Genghis Khan…Temujin…Chinggis Khan…Conqueror of the world. These are just some of the names given to the emperor who showed both terror and tolerance to his enemies. Not just conquering land, but creating things that have never been heard off such as a lLegal code make Genghis so unique. This fearless Mongol leader made a huge impact during his reign making his empire so unique for his time. To begin with, Genghis Khan was a very innovative leader, he created many things, for example a Llegal code. “Chinggis…left behind a legal code, the so-called Jasagh, which consisted of a series of general moral injunctions and laws” (“Chinggis Khan’s Four Great Legacies”). This was used during his reign as a...
Words: 1636 - Pages: 7
...In this research paper you will learn about Ivan III and how he improved Moscow and more or less all the struggles he had and the choices he had to make and about his main battles. Ivan Vasilievich, later known as Ivan the Great, was born on January 22 1440 in Moscow, Russia. Ivan family consisted of two brothers and his parents were Maria Yaroslavna and his father was Grand Prince Vasili II. Ivan father was conceived as a ruthless and cold person. When Grand Prince Vasili dies, he would break up his kingdom in three, for his sons. As a result Ivan came to power during the time of the Great Civil War. Ivan took the throne at 22 years of age. Long time after his two brothers passed, without heirs. So Ivan inherited all of his father’s land....
Words: 1235 - Pages: 5
...from all countries across Europe, and even other continents, to trade their rare goods. This economy that Venice had gave Marco the ability to trade in East Asia, and fueled Marco into exploring much of Asia. When Marco returned from Asia back to Europe, he revealed many interesting things about Asian culture and economy, that was unlike anyone had ever seen. There were other Europeans that had traveled as far as Marco in Asia, but none of them studied and learned about the Asian culture as much as Marco did. Marco saw things that he had never imagined, and was in awe as to how much more advanced the East was from Europe. For example, Marco saw paper money for the first time in the Mongol Empire, and brought the idea back to Europe, and it was put into effect. This discovery, of many, influenced the European society to further develop research in their politics, economy, and trade...
Words: 1233 - Pages: 5
...Walls can be a used in a wide variety of ways for example, they can be used to defend an enemy from attacking, they can be used to attack enemies that are near the wall, they can be used to make a border, and more. Everyone can agree that walls can be useful depending on the situation. Although, in some cases walls can actually be harmful for example, they can instigate wars by creating borders that may not be correct, they can be harmful to the environment, and more. In this paper I will be discussing the goals of the Great Wall of China, if they were accomplished, and Trump’s plan to build a wall at the border between the United States and Mexico. Overall the goal of the Great Wall of China was not accomplished. The goal of the Great Wall of China was to defend China from the Mongols (Keenan, Michael). For...
Words: 670 - Pages: 3
...Tukharsitan to the Arabs and Balkh became the headquarters of the Arab forces. The Abbasid revolution later happened which changed the direction of the Islamic expansion. The Central Asian states allied with Arabs to attack the Tang force, while having a large cultural impact. Then the Barmakids also converted to Islam. According to Liu, “Central Asia gradually became a truly Islamic region, with Transoxiana serving as Islam’s eastern center. Nevertheless, this religious transformation did not mean that its peoples had abandoned all of their pre-Islamic customs.” The Mongols were interested in taking advantage of the trading skills of Central Asian Muslims. The Mongols living in Chagatai Khanate, soon converted to Islam. Tiu believes that the Mongols were in large part responsible for the relocation of the easternmost centers of Islamic culture from Samarkand and Bukhara to the sultanates of India. It wasn’t long until the Mongols followed old trade routes and invaded westerns parts of India as well. In conclusion, Central Asian people have survived numerous calamities and thrived in a constant changing environment, as demonstrated in the transitional phase from a Buddhist religious domain to Islamic countries, there is a reason to expect that they will continue to do so. Tiu wrote to examine Islmaization, specifically the religious and social life of Central Asian people, before and after. As many authors who write historical articles for this time period, Liu used primary sources...
Words: 1834 - Pages: 8
...HUMN432 Week 6 Assignment: Final Draft of the Paper Technology: The Invention of Gunpowder Professor: Adam Ravalovich August 12, 2011 Title: The Invention of Gunpowder A. Introduction: The invention of gunpowder was one of China’s four greatest inventions that made a significant contribution to Chinese culture. Gunpowder in Chinese is called “huo yau”, meaning flaming medicine. The use of gunpowder gave the Chinese a greater ability to protect them from enemies and to conquer and control others. Although fireworks today are used as entertainment, the Chinese used it to scare-off enemies in the time of war. Chinese firearms, fireworks and gunpowder were also popular items of trade along the Silk Road to Europe. As we can imagine this invention had a profound effect on human history and although gunpowder was invented by the Chinese, it gave rise to the powerful western world while it inevitably left China and the Eastern World behind. B. Description of the Chinese Culture (Brandy Miller) 1. Chinese Society: Understanding a people's culture exposes their normalness without reducing their individuality. There are many different realms of Chinese society. China is well known for its centuries of traditional values, customs and beliefs. These beliefs are deeply linked with the language, religions and collective values which have always been the center of traditional festivals, customs and everyday life of man as a collective in harmony with nature...
Words: 4816 - Pages: 20
...LIBERTY THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY “Unreached People Group: Kazakhs of Mongolia” A Paper Submitted to Dr. Neal H. Creecy in partial fulfillment of the requirements for completion of GLST 500 Global Studies Survey By Ryann S. Ruckman Dec. 9, 2013 Table of Contents Introduction………………………………………………………………………..3 Kazakhs of Mongolia Background Information………………………………..4 History………………………………………………………………………4 Language…………………………………………………………………..5 Social Structure……………………………………………………………6 Culture………………………………………………………………………7 Economy……………………………………………………………………7 Religion……………………………………………………………………..8 Survey of Missions Work……………………………………………………….11 Church Status………………………………………………………….....11 Known Believers………………………………………………………….12 Challenges……………………………………………………………......13 Present Strategies…………………………………………………....….14 Proposed Strategy………………………………………………………..…….15 Accessing the Country…………………………………………………..15 Discipleship and Church Planting Strategy…………………………...16 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………....18 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………......20 Figures – Physical Map of Bayan-Ulgii, Mongolia…………………………..3 Introduction The Kazakhs of Mongolia are a people untouched by the gospel fire and the redeeming love of Jesus Christ. The Kazakh’s of Mongolia are the largest ethnic minority group in Mongolia, numbering over 100,000 and mainly live in the western province of Bayan Ulgii. These nomadic people migrated from their homeland of Kazakhstan and are a people rooted...
Words: 4824 - Pages: 20
... 2 The Ancient Chinese culture was a very successful culture that created many inventions and contributed to the advancement of not only the Chinese civilization but also to the civilization of the world. According to Henry Sayre, the Qin Dynasty, which was said to exist from 221BCE until 206 BCE, was the first empire in China to rise to dominance; however, the Han Dynasty was given credit for the most Ancient Chinese contributions and inventions (Sayre, 2012). The Han Dynasty existed from 206 BCE until 220 CE, and during the Han Dynasty contributions and inventions by the Ancient Chinese included: the wheelbarrow, seismograph, paper, compass, map, glazed pottery, hot air balloons, and silk. While the Ancient Chinese made many contributions and inventions for the world, the four most useful are the wheelbarrow, the seismograph, paper, and the map. Today the wheelbarrow is commonly used for farming, gardening, and construction work such as moving dirt, bricks, mulch. It is suitable for many jobs because it allows the weight of the contents to be evenly distributed between the wheel and the operator. For many of the same purposes as we use the wheelbarrow today, the Ancient Chinese invented the wheelbarrow. It served the purpose of transporting things from one place to another that could not easily be one with just one person alone. According to Jeff, the earliest form of the Chinese wheelbarrows was said to be invented by a famous prime minister of the time named Zhuge...
Words: 1182 - Pages: 5
...themselves cannot explain why. Between the era of the 1450’s and the 1750’s, history establishes a devastating way of making the lives of certain individuals easier while making lives of others back breaking, cruel, and unethical. Though slavery may have occurred in some small areas of the world, it became popular after the benefits of owning a slave were established. With the dominating countries of Portugal and Spain, historians began to identify their excellence in economy, wealth, and prosperity throughout this era. With their vast migration of slaves from one part of the world to another, the beginning of a new culture was created. Under their free-will, Africans were widely spread out through the western hemisphere of the world. With the Mongols in power, peasants in Russia were considered as free farmers that had legal positions that were high than serfs in the Medieval era. But, it all changed once the peasants soon gained debt after the fall of the Tatar, thus leaving them no choice but to accept a submissive status under the lords ruling. The beginning of the serfdom class was than created as a way to formally help the peasants with their large debt to the government. An individual can find themself comparing and contrasting the different forms of slavery throughout the world due to the many forms of slavery that were being continued during this time of history. Russia in itself also had a different form of slavery which became known as Serfs; Russian Serfdom. Although Russian...
Words: 2152 - Pages: 9
...PART 1: INTRODUCTION The Korean peninsula is located at the eastern end of Asia, between China, Siberia (now part of the Russian Federation), and the islands of Japan. Because of the complex, shifting, and historic relations between these areas, as well as relations with other places such at the United Sates in more recent times, the history of Korea has been told in many ways and is still the subject of hot debate both inside and outside the Koreas. North and South Korea have different versions of the peninsula’s history, both of which differ in detail and perspective from histories written in China, Japan, Russia, and the USA. The following sections, which attempt to outline the history in a balanced way, are based on a variety of materials, including lectures attended in a special workshop on Korean culture at Korea University in the summer of 1997. Map of Korea The overall pattern of development in the history of the Korean peninsula is a process that begins with an unknown number of early tribal groups that populate the peninsula in prehistoric times, wandering out of Siberia and areas to the west. Over time, some of these groups form more complex societies that eventually result in early kingdoms that grow up on the peninsula; in some cases extending westwards into what is now Chinese territory. As time and events unfolded, these kingdoms were unified, though the borders and degree of unity have continued to change over time—down to today. Besides the obvious split between...
Words: 13044 - Pages: 53
...Compare and contrast the legacies of cultural syncretism in Africa and the Americas with the resistance to cultural change Westerners encountered in China and India. What cultural factors caused the differences in outcomes? What legacies have the differences in types of encounters and degrees of cultural change left today? Had syncretism not occurred in the Americas, how might modern culture be different? If cultural syncretism had taken root during early encounters in China or India, how might they be different today? The quest for wealth and power brought Europeans to Indian shores in 1498 when Vasco da Gama, the Portuguese voyager, arrived in Calicut (modern Kozhikode, Kerala) on the west coast. In their search for spices and Christian converts, the Portuguese challenged Arab supremacy in the Indian Ocean, and, with their galleons fitted with powerful cannons, set up a network of strategic trading posts along the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf. In 1510 the Portuguese took over the enclave of Goa, which became the center of their commercial and political power in India and which they controlled for nearly four and a half centuries. Economic competition among the European nations led to the founding of commercial companies in England (the East India Company, founded in 1600) and in the Netherlands (Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie--the United East India Company, founded in 1602), whose primary aim was to capture the spice trade by breaking the Portuguese monopoly in Asia...
Words: 6234 - Pages: 25
...55 Mongolia: The Water Situation in Ulaanbaatar Mongolia: The Water Situation in Ulaanbaatar Hiroshi Sato* I. Introduction To many, Mongolia is a country of steppes and desert. Geographically, the country can be divided into three main regions: north, central and south. These regions vary greatly in terms of terrain, climate and other natural elements. The west of northern Mongolia is a wooded region covered in Siberian taiga forest. Meanwhile, the central region is home to Mongolia’s vast, characteristic steppes, and southern Mongolia is full of desert steppes. In 1990, Mongolia abandoned socialism and its one-party rule as the People’s Revolutionary Party introduced a multiple party system with influence from the Soviet perestroika movement. Then in 1992, the constitution was amended and the nation of Mongolia was born. Through these reforms, Mongolia ushered in a new democracy and transitioned from a planned economy to a market economy. As the economy flourished following the transition, a number of issues came to the surface. Of the issues raised, environmental issues are a major one in Mongolia. Currently, the impacts of domestic economic stimulation and problems such as recent global warming on the environment can be seen everywhere. Mongolia’s environmental problems are wide-ranging; air pollution, waste management, water pollution, overcentralization in the capital, energy issues, water resources, and urban environmental issues are but a few of...
Words: 4251 - Pages: 18
...IN REFERENCE TO LEWIS COSER'S MASTERS OF SOCIOLOGICAL THOUGHT: IDEAS IN HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL CONTEXT, SOCIOLOGY In reference to Lewis Coser's Masters of Sociological Thought: Ideas in Historical and Social Context Sociology All throughout the history of humankind, people have moved in and out of places. According to an article, a group of people migrates because of a more favorable place or region or because of some adverse condition or combination of conditions in the home environment (Migration, 2006). The same article asserts that humans have migrated since they evolved in East Africa 6 to 2 million years ago and that their original differentiation into ethnic groups appears to have been the result of separate groups of people who migrated from central points of origin. Even in the Stone Age, however, this isolation was not complete, for migrations resulted in a complicated pattern of blood relationships through widely separated groups (Migration). The migration of people has led to accelerated mixing of stocks and mutual infusion of cultural and physical characteristics, including tools, habits, ideas, and forms of social organization, which have been prerequisites for the development of modern civilization (which would have taken place much more slowly if people did not move from place to place) (Migration). An example would be the use of horse which was introduced into the Middle East by Asian invaders, later spreading to Europe and the Americans (Migration)...
Words: 2937 - Pages: 12
