...huge issue for farmers. Herbicides and pesticides were creators to keep pests off of plants, however, applying them proved to be expensive and time consuming. Monsanto answered this problem by creating seeds that contained the herbicide Roundup, which kills weeds without harming the crops themselves. These types of genetically modified (GM) seeds were just the beginning. Drought-tolerant seeds were also created for dry area such as Africa. Opponents of genetically modified crops have various reasons for believing that these products will have a negative effect on the people and insects that consume it. Monsanto has a history of unethical cultures that have had a negative effect on many stakeholders such as the environment, plants, animals and humans. The benefits of growing genetically modified seeds for crops do not seem to outweigh the negative consequences of using them. In an effort to manage the potential harm to plant and animal life from using products such as Roundup, Monsanto should adhere to the code of ethics and follow the EPA’s guidelines. “Ethical culture is acceptable behavior as defined by the company and industry” (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, p. 15). Monsanto’s seems to have a history unethical business culture, which is effectively responding to certain stakeholders (stockholders) while unsuccessfully responding to most (environmwent. Doing what’s best for the stockholder seems to be the main goal of Monsanto. When a company that is already seen as controversial...
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...* Provide a brief explanation of the cause and effects associated with this case. Rachel Carson had a history of interest with the chemical called DDT. She had tried to get DDT some attention unsuccessfully until her book came out in 1962. She had a friend who wrote her about the large bird kills on Cape Cod from the use of DDT. DDT around the late 40’s and 50’s was thought of a miracle pesticide and its use became very popular. Carson tried over a long period to get a magazine to support her in showing the negative side of DDT usage. But after a long time she had a lot of her own research and decided to go on with her own book. Her book “Silent Spring” showed how ddt entered the food chain and then we stored in the fatty tissues of animals and even humans which was the cause of cancer and genetic damages. Carson discovered that a single application of DDT to a crop would kill insects for months, and it would kill more than just the target insects. Even after being diluted by rain it would still remain toxic to the environment for a long period of time. Carsons book concluded that DDT, along with other pesticides had irrevocably harmed birds and other animals which had contaminated the worlds food supply. * Provide a brief explanation of biomonitoring and the steps involved in risk assessment. Relate these to the case study. Biomonitoring is a method for determining which chemicals get into members of the populations and what those concentrations are. It can be used to monitor...
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...kill animals! ‘’Thousands of animals are killed per annum to check out new medicine or procedures on them to envision if they're safe or effective’’ (Animalequality). The result with animal testing is that we've several new medicines that facilitate save several our lives and keep United States functioning properly. Although it's going to kill several animals within the finish it's a sacrifice we've to decide on to form for the higher of our race. It’s additionally higher to use animals than its humans. There is also no alternative to using other than using animals for testing. Living systems like persons and animals are extraordinarily complicated. Finding out cell cultures in a very Petri dish, whereas generally helpful, doesn't...
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...the economic market. The corporations of cosmetics are the main supplies of the beauty products. As the blooming development of cosmetics industries, some phenomenon is involved in argument, which have exert an harm on people and the society even though they do not violate the current law. In this research paper, three main ethics problem will be discussed. This paper will give a brief background on each phenomenon, and then give the arguments and problems of it by using the ethics theories and case. Finally, some suggestions and measurement will be given to each problem. Key words: ethics, animal-test, advertising manipulate, double standard, Corporate social responsibility Introduction Cosmetics industry is called “the beauty economy”, devoted to develop the products of skincare and make-up both for woman and man. Due to the pressure from employment and mating (lipstick effect), people, especially woman most likely tend to spend their money on buying cosmetics, in order to enhance their beauty on their appearance and body. Consumers in America spend $45 Billion on cosmetics and beauty products the cosmetics industry makes billions of dollars each year from people's quest for great skin. Different from other industries like clothing or automobile, beauty products are directly applied to consumer and absorbed by people. Thus, standards and rules in cosmetics industry are strictly high for protecting consumer from harm. Although companies followed standards and...
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...Critics of negative screening charge that merely excluding companies for their socially repugnant practices has no net impact, because there is always someone out there that willing to buy their shares instead. They assert that screening offensive companies may make the investor feel better about where they are putting their money, but they are not helping encourage social change and environmental improvement. But negative screening still has an appropriate place in the quiver of tactics used by socially responsible investors, to be complemented by positive screening and shareholder activism, and will remain the most palatable starting point for many. It is also important to note that while one investor excluding their investment from a company because of a particular activity will not make that company mend its ways, its the cumulative effect that's important. This is analogous to voting in a national election, where individual votes collectively create a "voice." For example, the recent struggles of the tobacco industry illustrate the cumulative and emergent effects of investor and consumer advocacy over its health effects. Most people imagine that the majority of companies included by positive screening are smaller companies embarking on products that may contribute to the world's future economic and environmental sustainability. Alternative forms of energy that produce less pollution, such as solar power, wind power, and hydrogen fuel cells, constitute a rapidly growing...
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...defined as a relatively enduring or permanent change of behavior that results from previous experience with certain stimuli and responses. Operant Conditioning Operant conditioning is also called instrumental conditioning, is a kind of learning in which an animal or human performs some behavior, and the following consequence (reward or punishment) increases or decreases the chance that an animal or human will again perform that same behavior. The law of effect states that behaviors followed by positive consequences are strengthened, while behaviors followed by negative consequences are weakened. Shaping is a procedure in which an experimenter successively reinforcers behaviors that lead up to or approximately the desired behavior. Note: There is an important difference between a reward and a reinforcer in operant conditioning. • A reward is something, which has value to the person giving the reward, but may not necessarily be of value to the person receiving the reward. • A reinforcer is something, which benefits the person receiving it, and so results in an increase of a certain type of behavior. Skinner identified three types of responses or operants that can follow behavior. Neutral operants: Responses from the environment that neither increase nor decrease the probability of a behavior being repeated. Reinforces are any event that strengthens or increases the behavior it follows. There are two kinds of reinforcers. 1. Positive reinforcers are favorable events or outcomes that...
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...Information Technology Department of Agriculture and Food Technology AENG 26 Introduction to Environmental Science Term Paper Effects of Genetically Modified Food on Human Amoguis, Jenina R. ECE 3 – 1 Engr. David L. Cero Professor Introduction Genetically modified (GM) foods are foods derived from organisms whose genetic material (DNA) has been modified in a way that does not occur naturally, e.g. through the introduction of a gene from a different organism. Currently available GM foods stem mostly from plants, but in the future foods derived from GM microorganisms or GM animals are likely to be introduced on the market. Most existing genetically modified crops have been developed to improve yield, through the introduction of resistance to plant diseases or of increased tolerance of herbicides. In the future, genetic modification could be aimed at altering the nutrient content of food, reducing its allergenic potential, or improving the efficiency of food production systems. The main purpose of genetic modification of food is to improve its taste, output, and make plants disease resistant. Despite these advantages, many people refuse to eat genetically modified foods over concerns that it could be dangerous to their health. However, there is still no detailed study about the long term effects of eating genetically modified foods. Genetically modified foods have more research challenges but also there are misgivings about...
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...Covarrubias Elaina Westegaard ENG-123-X1530 17 November 2015 How Are GMOs Affecting the Environment and Our Health? Food has been one of the basic needs since the birth of a person. History shows that the production of food only consisted of hunting, harvesting, and farming. During these times, it usually took a long time before these foods arrived at the dining tables of families. However, today, technology has allowed the mass production of food. Unfortunately, the market has taken advantage of technology, not letting us know how food is made, leading to the birth of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs). GMOs are widely used in most foods today. Though most people are unaware of this, GMOs even exist in some of their favorite food products. Many reports tell that diseases, such as E-Coli and Salmonella, have been caught from GM-foods. Furthermore, researchers and doctors believe that GMOs carry a huge risk; although, some scientists claim that GMOs are completely safe for human consumption. GMOs should be banned because they have a negative impact on human health, and potential risks on the environment. Although GMOs were only introduced in 1996, the side effects can already be seen: there have been increased allergic reactions, antibiotic resistant bacteria and other toxic hazards. While these side effects of GMOs may seem minuscule in the grand scheme of things, the lasting effects can be much more drastic. More and more children are having life-threatening allergies,...
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...MDMA Influence and Clinical Implications Northern Illinois University Sassalee Tate and Arlilian Tisden Abstract: The purpose of this research is to identify causing factors of Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) addictions. MDMA has a target population of young adults, more specifically college students. The drug has been used to distort perception and create a euphoric sensation among users. MDMA was not created for recreational usage, but to treat Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD). Through MDMA’s growing popularity referenced in social media as “Molly” the clinical intention has been depleted. Introduction Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has been highly influential on society throughout the course of time. The drug has served multiple purposes such as a psychotherapeutic treatment and recreational usage. MDMA provides a euphoric experience for participants, heightening their emotional status at the time of ingestion. MDMA has become extremely potent and easily accessible to youth and young adults. This once military based substance has become a mainstream party drug. Many refer to MDMA as “Molly” or “Ecstasy”. The drug appears as a powdered substance withheld in a capsule or tablet. Most individuals administer the drug orally. Due to popularity in social media, MDMA’s use among young adults has increased. History MDMA was first introduced and produced by Merck in 1912, a manufacturer and pharmaceutical corporation (Bouso, Doblin, Farré, Alcázar &...
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...(PCB) Table of Contents Executive Summary………………………………………………………………3 Chemical Name…………………………………………………………………….3 Physical Properties……………………………………………………………….4 Common Uses……………………………………………………………………….5 Exposure Limits…………………………………………………………………….6 Toxicokinetics……………………………………………………………………….6 Acute Effects…………………………………………………………………………7 Chronic Effects………………………………………………………………………8 Personal Protective Equipment……………………………………………..9 Industrial Hygiene sampling………………………………………………..10 Reference……………………………………………………………………………11 Safety Data Sheet ……..……………………………………………………….13 Chemical Name and Executive Summary The chemical I chose to write my paper about is Polychlorinated biphenyl or PCB. Polychlorinated biphenyls were manufactured from 1929 until it was banned in 1979. PCB’s were used in hundreds of things because of their non-flammability, chemical stability, high boiling point, and electrical insulating characteristics. PCB’s range in form from light oil to a heavy wax. The largest producer of PCB was the Monsanto Corporation who marketed it under the trade name, Aroclor. For years and years PCB was thought as a chemical who had unlimited advantages to human life and no negative consequences. It was used any way possible and was discharged just the same way. Many people simply discarded it into rivers, waterways, and landfills. It wasn’t until 1960s when the world began to question the health consequences of using PCB. In the late 1960s there was a highly publicized poisoning...
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...STEEPLE Analysis of IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. is a multinational corporation based in Maine, United States. IDEXX has interests in a number of different industries with the majority of their business operating through manufacturing, distribution, sales and development of services and products for livestock and poultry. From its humble start IDEXX grew from a small workshop on the Maine coast to their current size of over 6,000 employees in 60 countries throughout the world. IDEXX was incorporated in 1983, and continued to grow, eventually expanding global operations to their European headquarters in Hoofddorp, The Netherlands. IDEXX is split into three main lines of business, Companion Animal Group, Livestock and Poultry Diagnostics, and Water. Additionally. IDEXX also created SNAP tests for the detection of antibiotic drug-residue found in dairy milk, as well as optical spectrum (OPTI) point-of-care analyzers. These analyzers measure blood gases, electrolytes, acid-base balance and more parameters. IDEXX is always working to maintain their status as the market leader in veterinary diagnostic and research projects. The purpose of this paper is to examine IDEXX’s high potential for impacting health and society through its divisions, as well as their impact in the technological, economic, environmental, political, legal and ethical areas. As large multinational company IDEXX’s potential influence is vast and their responsibility to societies has grown...
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...Worldwide, 500 million animals are subjected to inhumane experiments in the name of scientific research (Linzey, 2013). Evidence to support the practise of vivisection is confronting and highly criticised. However, it is essential society apply careful consideration in regard to the positive ground-breaking outcomes of these experiments and the encouraging positive impacts they have on human life. Nonetheless, rationalization is warranted for inflicting unnecessary treatment to innocent animals who cannot represent themselves. Strong advocacy provided by animal protections and research scientist, both contribute valid arguments for and against the practise of vivisection. A central determinant to these claims is questioning morality, who...
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...Table of content. |Topic |Page number | |Case analysis |2 | |Case synopsis and themes |3 | |Question 1 |3 | |Question 2 |6 | |Question 3 |8 | |Islamic Perspective |12 | |References |16 | CASE ANALYSIS: MOSANTO BALANCES WORLDWIDE STAKEHOLDER CONCERN. Monsanto company is a multinational agricultural biotechnology corporation which is based in U.S as a headquarter. It is the leading producer of the herbicide glyphosate around the world. The corporation was founded in 1901 by John Francis Queeny, and...
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...RESPOCIBILTY: HOW ACCEPTABLE IS IT? INTRODUCTION In its regular functioning, organisations can have immense negative impact on its environment. The most obvious example being oil spills and deforestation for industrialisation, but industries as different as chemical manufacturing, mining, agriculture and fishing can do permanent damage to local ecosystems. Globalisation and its irreversible effects can also be blamed to a large extent to these organisations. While end consumers of these industries who demand the products these organisations manufacture are at fault too, it is undeniable that many corporations have ignored their social responsibility and simply focused on their profitability at the stake of harming their immediate environment. In the context of this unacceptable policy, some fractions of the corporate world have started to accept a philosophy that focuses on both profit as well as functioning ethically. This principle, called Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) refers to initiatives taken by an organisation to measure and reduce the negative impacts it has on its environment. It generally refers to the extra efforts taken by the organisation to focus on the social wellbeing of all its stockholders and to the world at large. ABOUT CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY Companies at times invest in local communities in order to compensate for the negative impacts their operations might have. The most obvious way might be to donate money to charity. Or, a firm that...
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...The Field of Psychology We humans are a strange species and our behavior is often inconsistent. Some of us smile when we're angry, others cry when we're happy. And all of us expect other people to figure out what in the world we are thinking. Not only are we different from other species, we're radically different from each other. Thankfully, our differences can be examined more easily through the lens of psychology—the science that tells us how the mind, brain, and body work together. This lesson introduces you to the field of psychology—its origins, history, key perspectives, research methods, issues, and current trends. This lesson presents the following topics: • What is Psychology? • The History of Psychology • Modern Psychology Perspectives • Types of Psychological Professionals • The Science of Psychology • Ethics of Psychological Research What is Psychology? Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. • Behavior includes outward or obvious actions or reactions such as facial expressions or movement. These actions and reactions are sometimes referred to as body language. John wants to ask Susan for a date, and Susan wants him to ask her out. John worked up his courage, was about to ask her out when he walked by her desk, but Susan looked up with a frown on her face. Assuming that she was frowning at him, John walked quickly back to his own office. Susan, who had a horrible sinus...
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