...Diabetes Mellitus The term "diabetes mellitus" refers to a group of diseases that affect how your body uses blood glucose, commonly called blood sugar. Glucose is vital to your health because it's an important source of energy for the cells that make up your muscles and tissues. It's your brain's main source of fuel. (Turner, 2010, p.18) of you have diabetes, no matter what type, it means you have too much glucose in your blood, although the reasons may differ. Too much glucose can lead to serious health problems. Chronic diabetes conditions include type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Potentially reversible diabetes conditions include prediabetes — when your blood sugar levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as diabetes — and gestational diabetes, which occurs during pregnancy. (Turner, 2010, p. 22) Diabetes symptoms vary depending on how high your blood sugar is elevated. Some people, especially those with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, may not experience symptoms initially. In type 1 diabetes, however, symptoms tend to come on quickly and be more severe. Some of the signs and symptoms of type 1 and type 2 diabetes include: Increased thirst Frequent urination Extreme hunger Unexplained weight loss Presence of ketones in the urine (ketones are a byproduct of the breakdown of muscle and fat that happens when there's not enough insulin) Fatigue Blurred vision Slow-healing sores Mild high blood pressure Frequent infections...
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...Diabetes DIABETES More than 3% of the world population has diabetes; diabetes is caused by lack of a hormone called Insulin, which is produced by the organ pancreas to control blood sugar (Miller, 2010). Diabetes has been regarded as one of the biggest killers in the world. There exists three types of diabetes, type one, type two and type three. The most common is diabetes mellitus (Derek LeRoith, 2004). Therefore, Diabetes can be caused by little insulin, resistance to the protein insulin or even both. This paper aims to see to research on what causes diabetes, types of diabetes, the incidence and the risk factors associated with the disease. Problems Diabetes is a condition when there is a sharp rise of sugar levels in the blood. The body finds it difficult to deal with the high concentration of the sugar in the blood. Foods, which contain starch or carbohydrates such as, rice, bread etc and foods that taste sweet are digested in the body into glucose. The pancreas produces a hormone called insulin, which allows glucose to move into cells to be used by our bodies for energy. When glucose levels increase above normal levels it leads to the complications of diabetes. Men and women are equally likely to suffer from diabetes, also being Asian or Afro-Caribbean, overweight, aged between 40 and 75 or having diabetes in the family can increase your risk of type 2 diabetes. To understand...
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...controlled and not, at present, cured (Meetoo 2008). Diabetes is a chronic and progressive disease that impacts upon almost every aspect of life. It can affect infants, children, young people and adults of all ages, and is becoming more common. Diabetes can result in premature death, ill health and disability, yet these can often be prevented or delayed by high-quality care. Diabetes comprises a group of disorders with many different causes, all of which are characterised by a raised blood glucose level. This is the result of a lack of the hormone insulin and/or an inability to respond to insulin. Insulin in the blood, produced by the pancreas, is the hormone which ensures that glucose (sugar) obtained from food can be used by the body. There are two main types of diabetes: Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes. In people with Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas is no longer able to produce insulin because the insulin-producing cells (-cells) have been destroyed by the body’s National Service Framework for Diabetes. (National Service Framework for Diabetes ) A simple discharge is one that can be executed at ward level with the multidisciplinary team (MDT); funding issues, change of residence or increased health and social care needs make the discharge complex. The key principles of effective discharge planning Nursing Times 22.01.13/ Vol 109 No 3 Although nursing roles are distinct in different services, the role of the nurse in liaising with patients, families and colleagues...
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...heath problems. It will discuss the patient’s underlying disease of diabetes mellulitiis. The six body systems affected by this disease will be discussed and the major pathophysiologic concepts within each system will be elaborated on. Our Patient’s Case Study Revelelations Our patient is a 62 year old female with cellulitis of her right lower leg. This patient has a history of smoking three packs a day for 40 years and unfortunately has admitted to smoking again. She has high blood sugar; however, she cannot remember the name of the medication she is taking for it. She has a “touch” of high blood pressure and claims she controls her hypertension by eating a low salt diet. Her husband passed away 14 years ago and she states that she misses him very much. As the weeks continue, our patient is experiencing dyspnea upon rising in the morning. She has bilateral diminished lung sounds along with crackles. Our patient’s condition continues to worsen and she is diagnosed with congestive heart failure. She is complaining of pain in her extremities and abdomen. Her lab work shows azotemia, red blood cells and protein in her urine, and elevated blood glucose level. The fluid buildup continues in her lungs and her urine output is minimal. Heart failure and fluid volume excess seems evident, as well as, her renal system appears to be impaired. Underlying Disease This patient’s underlying disease is diabetes mellulitis; she has uncontrolled high blood sugar that she has been...
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...Chapter 9 forum Most of us eat even when we are not hungry. What can you do to make it less likely that you will eat when you are not hungry? How would you go about educating others to learn to eat in rhythm with their stomachs? It is very easy to eat when one is hungry and it becomes a great concern when one eats and they are not hungry. Eating feels and tastes good especially when the food looks delicious. Eating healthy, choosing what, when to eat is a good habit to start with. Discipline can really make a difference and progress in eating behavior. When it comes to drinking, choose healthy drinks like water, most people like sodas, and one soda per day increases chances of being overweight or obesity nearly 33%, and diet soda is no better. It is advisable to drink a lot of water which actually makes one feels full and it is healthy. In addition to the above, it is important to discipline yourself to skip meals. I come from Africa where most parts of our country suffer from famine. It’s possible therefore to overeat when there is an opportunity but I have disciplined myself not to eat when I actually don’t need. When you go to a friend’s house and you had not planned to eat a meal there, don’t just sit and start eating. When you go to a party keep yourself busy with friends and skip a meal. Another habit to avoid when you are in the house is snacking. It’s important to try and occupy yourself with dishes or laundry, that way you’ll be less likely to mind having a snack...
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...Diabetes Mellitus Machelle Van N140 Instructor’s Name November 5, 2012 Diabetes Mellitus According to the Australian Institute of Health and Wellness, “Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition in which the body makes too little of the hormone insulin or cannot use it properly” (pg. 1, para 1). The pancreas produces insulin which helps glucose to enter cells through the bloodstream; the sugar is then converted into energy. Diabetes is uncontrollable when there is a build-up of glucose in the bloodstream, and there is not enough glucose entering the cells. If left untreated, diabetes can cause damage to the brain, kidney disease, heart disease, stroke, and complications to other parts of the body. Diabetes often appears in childhood or adolescence. Etiology The disease affects more than 20 million Americans and more than 40 million Americans have pre-diabetes that can lead to type 2 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, the cells become resistant to the action of insulin, and the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin to overcome the resistance. Three Major Types of Diabetes Type I Diabetes | Type 2 Diabetes | Gestational Diabetes | Diagnosed in childhood or adolescence; the disease can occur in adults. | Common than type 1 diabetes; makes up many of the disease. | Develops at any time during pregnancy. | The body cannot produce insulin. | Occurs frequently in young people, and adulthood. | Women are at a higher risk of developing type...
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...| Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus | | | | Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that is rising at an alarming rate across all age groups in the United States and around the world. Because of the surge of new diagnoses of DM, medical journals are referring to this disorder as an epidemic and pandemic. According to Brass (2014), “diabetes kills one individual every six seconds across the globe, and it is expected to rise 55 percent in the next 20 years” (p. 6). The article goes on to state that according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), “about 26 million individuals in the U.S. or 83 percent of the population have had a diabetes diagnosis (p. 6). Unfortunately this number will only begin to keep climbing and affect future generations to come. Professor Nam Han Cho wrote in a report on diabetes that “if current demographic patterns continue, more than 592 million people (worldwide) will be affected with diabetes within a generation” (Brass, 2014, p.7). Diabetes can be divided up into four categories including the following: Type 1 DM, Type 2 DM, gestational diabetes, and pre-diabetes. This paper will discuss the aspects of Type 1 diabetes. Information from the article Primary and secondary prevention of Type 1 diabetes was obtained from the Wiley Online Library database using the search terms diabetes type 1, and prevention. The Wiley Online Library database was also used to obtain information from the article titled...
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...around the egg under the influence of stimulating hormones from the brain (Thatcher, 10). PCOS involves more than just the ovaries filled with small cysts, which is associated with high male hormones. In PCOS, these follicles remain immature, never growing to full development or ovulating to make an egg capable of being fertilized. For the woman, this means that she rarely ovulates (releases an egg) and so is less fertile. She also does not have regular periods and may go for many weeks without a period. Other features of the condition are excess weight and excess body hair. The condition is common infertile women and particularly common with women with ovulation problems (an incidence of about 75 percent) (Hammerly, 6). In the general population, around 25 percent of women will have polycystic ovaries seen on ultrasound examination but most have no other symptoms or signs of PCOS and are perfectly healthy. It is not known if women are born with this condition, PCOS seems to run in families, which means that something that causes the condition is inheritable. When PCOS is passed down the man’s side of the family, the men are not infertile, but they do have a tendency to become bald early in life, before the age of 30 (Vorvik). While the research is in process they are trying to find out if there’s a clearly identifiable gene for PCOS. It seems like in the future one or two genes will be identified that play a fundamental role in determining a woman’s likelihood of developing...
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...at how the body responds to physical activity and it will also identify how the body coordinated internal activities. This assignment will also look at other human body conditions such as obesity, diabetes and discus as to deal with such conditions in order to ensure the wellbeing of individuals with such conditions. THE human body is composed of ten different systems which are made of organs working in coordination with one another. These organs have to work together as they need each another to fulfil its functions. Human organs support each other’s in order to perform their function. Below is brief descriptions and functions of human body system: 1. Central Nervous System (CNS): CNS is composed of brain, nerves, nerve endings, and spinal cord. It role is to control and coordinate the body functions (coordination of nervous). Will be responsible for sensory input, integration of data and motor output. 2. Cardio vascular system (CVS): is composed of heart, blood, and blood vessels wish includes arteries, veins and capillaries. It role is to allow flow of blood and nutrients throughout the human body, defend the body, thermoregulation 3. Respiratory system (RS): is composed of nose, lungs, trachea, alveolar, bronchi, bronchioles, sacs, and alveoli. It main role is to allow exchange of gases between the...
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...Running head: DIABETES MELLITUS Diabetes Mellitus ADN DMRN 122 L Medical Surgical II September 6th, 2011 DIABETES MELLITUS Abstract Diabetes is a disease that affects 18.2 million people in the United States alone. This disease results when there is a high level of sugar in the blood for an extended period of time. Diet, exercise, pills and insulin injections can control it. There are three main types of diabetes--Type I, which affects primarily the younger population; Type II, which primarily affects the population above 40; and gestational diabetes, which affects women during the third trimester of their pregnancy. While scientists do not know what causes diabetes, they do know that it is caused from a variety of factors that can vary from person to person. Examples of these factors are heredity, being overweight, and problems with beta cells, which are located in the pancreas. Diabetes can result in blurred vision, retinopathy, nerve problems, dry skin, and kidney issues. Diet plays a major role in the prevention of these problems. Sugar concentration in the blood is a major factor for diabetics, so understanding the sugar content of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates is essential. The goal from a diet perspective is to control your sugar in your bloodstream in such a way that the insulin in your...
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...Diabetes and Pregnancy HCS/245 Instructor September 10, 2012 Abstract Being pregnant is a very exciting time in a women’s life. The thoughts of bring a new life into the world can be exciting and scary at the same time. A woman can have diabetes before becoming pregnant and they can also develop diabetes during pregnancy, this called Gestational diabetes. In the past, women who were known to have diabetes were discouraged about becoming pregnant due to all the health problems for the mother and the health problems that a baby could develop before being born (WebMD, page 1). A few of the health problems for the mother would be: miscarriage, premature delivery, low blood glucose at delivery, eye problems, worsening kidney problems, and preeclampsia just to name a few. The health problems for the baby would be birth defects, prolonged jaundice, respiratory distress syndrome, and being born prematurely and all the problems that go along with being premature. Another common problem with babies of pregnant women with diabetes is that they have very large babies. This happens because the babies receive too much sugar from the mother and it turns to fat which in turn increases the size of the baby. This can make the baby to large to be delivered naturally and a cesarean delivery would then be necessary. As stated in WebMD, “once delivered, the baby could develop dangerously low blood sugar right after delivery because of high levels...
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...of vertebrates. It is both an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, as well as an exocrine gland, secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes that pass to the small intestine. These enzymes help in the further breakdown of the carbohydrates, protein, and fat. Digestion is the process of breaking down food into molecules small enough for the body to absorb. 1. The mouth. 2. The pharynx, which in humans, leads to both the trachea and the esophagus. While food is being swallowed, the epiglottis blocks the trachea. 3. The esophagus, which is the tube from the pharynx to the stomach. 4. The stomach is a J-shaped, expandable sack, normally on the left side of the upper abdomen. 5. The small intestine, which has a length of about 6 m. 6. The large intestine or colon. 7. The rectum . As well as digestive system, there is endocrine system, and the pancreas is a part of this system; with purpose and a role in hormone production. Endocrine system is made up of glands that produce and secrete hormones. These hormones regulate the body's growth, metabolism and sexual development and function. * Endocrine system is made up of glands that produce and secrete hormones. These hormones regulate the body's growth, metabolism and sexual development and function. * Pancreas: is a glandular organ that secretes digestive enzymes and hormones. Physiology or Function- Pancreas is one of the organs in the body that...
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...Gastric Bypass and Diabetes Literature Research Shayne Howard Grand Canyon University: NRS-433V Introduction to Nursing Research 03/19/2016 Introduction Diabetes is one of the most deadly diseases known to man. That is a bold statement but when you consider that a big percentage of the other most deadly diseases like heart disease, kidney failure and strokes can be caused by diabetes then it puts it in to perspective. Diabetes causes many health problems besides these as well. The complications associated with diabetes are numerous but include neuropathy, blindness, amputation, impotency, depression and cognitive decline just to name a few. Some of these complications are inevitable but they can be avoided or at least prevented for an amount of time with proper diet and exercise or following a medication regimen. For some however the disease hits too hard too fast or because of physical restraints exercise is not a viable option. For these patients a surgical option such as weight loss surgery may be their only recourse. There are 4 major types of weight loss surgery that can be used to treat morbid obesity and in turn diabetes. There are the Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass, the Gastric sleeve, Gastric banding, and the Duodenal switch. The most popular for mild weight loss is the gastric band in which an adjustable band is place around the stomach limiting the size and thereby limiting the amount of food intake. This is less invasive and reversible but also less effective overall...
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...Insulin Resistance and Beta Cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Andrea Kingsley North Island College Insulin Resistance and Beta Cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease that alters the health of individuals worldwide (Nolan, Damn, & Prentik, 2011). T2D requires a genetic predisposition, which, in combination with environmental factors and lifestyle leads to its development (McCance, 2012). Insulin resistance is a key factor responsible for the progression, which may lead to beta cell dysfunction (Schofield & Sutherland, 2012). In the pre-diabetic phase, glucose levels remain normal but once beta cell dysfunction occurs, sufficient amounts of insulin secretion decreases (Ismail-Beigi, 2012). The purpose of this paper is to relate beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance to the development of type 2 diabetes. In this paper I discuss both the pathogenesis and risk factors of the disease. I examine how the cells of the pancreas respond to increased glucose levels and how this progresses. I also consider the treatment and prevention of the disease. Defining Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus can be defined as a disorder that results in chronic hyperglycemia (McCance, 2010). T2D is characterized by insulin resistance and elevated glucose production, (Mannino & Sesti, 2012), associated with excessive lipid accumulation in tissue (Corpeleijn et al., 2008). Etiology T2D is a result of both genetic...
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...Diabetes Diabetes is a life-long disease marked by elevated levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. It can be caused by too little insulin (a chemical produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar), resistance to insulin, or both. Approximately 2.7 million or 11.4% of all African Americans aged 20 years or older have diabetes. However, one-third of them do not know it. The most life-threatening consequences of diabetes are heart disease and stroke, which strike people with diabetes more than twice as often as they do others. Adults with diabetes have heart disease death rates 2 to 4 times higher than those without diabetes. African Americans with diabetes are at increased risk for heart disease, stroke and other macro vascular complications. Other complications of diabetes include blindness, kidney disease, and amputations. Most African Americans (about 90 to 95 percent) with diabetes have type 2 diabetes. This type of diabetes usually develops in adults and is caused by the body's resistance to insulin and to impaired insulin secretion. Although it is a very serious disease, diabetes can be treated with diet, exercise, diabetes pills, and injected insulin. A small number of African Americans (about 5 percent to 10 percent) have type 1 diabetes, which usually develops before age 20 and is always treated with insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy needed for daily life. The cause of diabetes continues to be a...
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