...The French Revolution The book that was reviewed is titled “The French Revolution: William Doyle”. It addresses some of the causes of the French revolution and the effects it had. The French Revolution is known as one of the most significant events in the world’s history. Its impact hardly can be overvalued due to globally caused implications. Therefore, it is considered as generally valid birth of civilized principles. Appropriate analyzing requires plenty of items considering. However, there is the try to outline the most significant causes and effects of great historical event. Let’s start with the causes of the French Revolution. A major cause was social injustice and class inequalities. 18th century in French history was the time of feudal abutment. Naturally that is accompanied by different rights and duties for its members. The division of French society members was provided by Estates. In fact, prerevolutionary France experienced three of them: first, second and third estate respectively. The contrast between them was too significant and frustrated the lowest class. The first most privileged Estate was for about 2 percent of the entire population. At the end of scholastic influence era, the power of the Church was unrestricted. As for corresponding benefits, the Estate was out of tax duty. Moreover, the Church was authorized for income tithe claiming. Curiously enough, this minority owned more than 15% percent of France’s lands. The second Estate was nobility. As well...
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...CAUSES OF FRENCH REVOLUTION Date: 1789–1799 Participants: French society Location: France The French Revolution was a major event in modern European history. The causes of the French Revolution were many: the monarchy's severe debt problems, high taxes, poor harvests, and the influence of new political ideas and the American Revolution, to mention only a few. Starting as a movement for government reforms, the French Revolution rapidly turned radical and violent, leading to the abolition of the monarchy and execution of King Louis XVI. Though the monarchy was eventually restored, the French Revolution changed France and the rest of Europe forever. It inspired a number of revolutionary movements of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries that made the final end to institutions such as absolutism, feudalism, class privilege and legal inequality, and spread the principles of natural right, equality and freedom throughout the world. The three main causes of French revolution are as follows: 1. Political Cause 2. Social Cause 3. Economic Cause 4. Intellectual Cause. POLITICAL CAUSE That time France was the absolute monarchy with a weak monarch king Louis XVI - French king of the Bourbon dynasty who took the throne in 1774; inherited massive debt problems but was unable to fix them. France had long subscribed to the idea of divine right, which maintained that kings were selected by God and thus perpetually entitled to the throne. This doctrine resulted in a system...
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...Cause and Outcome of War 1754-1815 Abstract This paper will compare and contrast the French and Indian War, American Revolution, and the War of 1812. All three wars were fought over land or expansion in one form or another. The French and Indian War was fought because both countries believed they had the right to the Ohio River Valley. This caused Britain to tax the colonist and place restrictions that led to the American Revolution. The American Revolution gave the colonies their freedom from British rule and the ability to form their nation and laws. Great Britain never respected the United States as a sovereign nation. Due to the conflict with France both France and Britain restricted U.S. imports because of the belief that the U.S. was supplying the enemy. The embargoes on American shipments along with the Native American attacks on colonist caused the War of 1812. The greatest accomplishment of the War of 1812 was the era of good feelings. Cause and Outcome of War 1754-1815 The cause and outcome of the French and Indian War, American Revolution, and the War of 1812 had many similarities. The wars started with the French and Indian war that was fought over the Ohio River Valley, which began in 1754 ending with the Treaty of Paris in 1763. The American Revolutionary War was fought over the colonist not given the same rights as Englishmen along with the taxation of the colonist that began 1775 and ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1783. The War of 1812 was fought because...
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...French and American Revolution Revolution has been seen throughout many nations during man’s reign on this earth. While there are a multitude of factors and reasons behind what creates an uprising of a country, the conclusions of these revolts certainly have one thing in common, that is change. As seen in the American and French Revolutions, citizens dealt and suffered unjust rule, taxation, and social isolation. These two rebellions took place in the same era and are generally grouped together by scholars, even many who would argue that one influenced the other. Under closer examination, while many comparisons can be made, many profound contrasts can be distinguished. This essay will review main occurrences in these two historical events, focusing on the comparisons and contrasts of factors such as causes, goals, and outcomes of both the American and French Revolutions. Both the American Revolution and the French Revolution were born of dire economic conditions. While this similarity is true, each country had their own separate financial issues that led to each respective rebellion. The roots of the American Revolution stemmed from the taxation upon the Colonists by the monarchy of the British. Taxes were not something that citizens of the new world were unfamiliar to, but the issue was more vested in just reasoning behind the increased taxes on the Colonies, this idea birthed a familiar phrase of the revolution, “taxation without representation”. The French Revolution, while...
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...The American Revolution (1775-1783) Have you ever sat and actually wondered how the United States came about? The American Revolution which is also known as the American War of Independence played an important role in the formation, of what we see today as the United States. The American Revolution was a conflict between the thirteen British colonies in North America and their mother country Great Britain. The American Revolution began on April 19, 1775 and ended on September 3, 1783. There are several causes to how the American Revolution came about. Among these causes are The Stamp Act, The Townshend Acts, The Tea Act and the Boston Tea Party. The Stamp Act, which was passed in 1765, was Parliament’s first serious attempt to assert governmental authority over the thirteen colonies. It was an act for granting and applying certain stamp duties, in the British occupied colonies. The main purpose of these taxes was to help Britain pay for the troops stationed in North America. Not only the British colonies in America, but even the British merchants and manufacturers opposed the act, and the exports to the colonies were threatened by colonial economic problems caused by the taxes The Townshend Acts were a series of acts passed in January 1767, by the Britain Parliament. These acts primarily included the Revenue Act of 1767, the Commissioners of Customs Act, the Vice Admiralty Court Act, the Indemnity Act and the New York Restraining Act. The sole purpose of...
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...The Boston Tea Party was an event, in 1773, where American colonists dressed as Native Americans stormed several cargo ships, and dumped 92,000 pounds of tea into the Boston harbor in protest of the tax on tea set by the English parliament. The immediate cause of the Boston Tea Party was the passage of the Tea Act, by the English government. This was the main cause, because it made the colonists feel like parliament was attempting to undermine their economy, by putting local tea companies out of business. But there were other smaller, but still important causes. One of these cases was the Boston Massacre. The Boston Massacre was an act that had occurred three years prior. During this incident, a group of British soldiers opened...
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...Born: Samuel Adams was born on September 27, 1722 in Boston, Massachusetts. Died: He died on October 2, 1803. Interesting Fact: Before he became fully invested in the Revolutionist cause, Adams attended Harvard to study law; however, after graduating, he attempted to become a brewer and later a newspaper publisher. After failing at both potential careers, he returned to his main course of study, law, realizing that local politics was his forte. Three Major Events in US History that took place during Adams’ Lifetime: The French and Indian War occurred, a major source of discontent that contributed to the American Revolution. Such discontent was the result of the Royal Proclamation 1763, as well as taxes placed on colonists to help pay off...
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...The War of Independence Today, July 4th is seen as Independence Day, a day of feast and celebration. But in the 1700’s it was no definitely no celebration. The American Revolution was the revoke the thirteen colonies had made against Britain leading to the war. Although Britain had control over the colonies they took advantage of their power by passing new laws and enforcing tax on almost everything, the colonies were outraged and then revolted these were some of the many causes that lead to the war. The three main causes of the War of Independence were the Stamp Act, the Boston Massacre, and the Quebec Act because they made the colonists angry at Britain. To start off, one of the main causes of the War of Independence was the Quebec Act because it expanded Quebec’s borders and allowed the free practice of the Catholic faith making the colonist angry as a unity (Hickman). The thirteen colonies were furious at the fact that Britain was helping Quebec by giving them the Aboriginal land that was considered theirs (Browns). Not only did this make the colonists mad but they felt betrayed, many people believed the land should be theirs because they were there first and thought it was really unfair (Elementary). Not only this but, many colonists thought it was unfair that there was no elected assembly for Quebec and their French speaking language (Elementary). The colonist couldn’t believe that the French still lost against Britain but were given all these privileges. The French...
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...Part B: Summary of Evidence Political General Guerrilla Politics A consistency in many guerrilla leaders was their fixation to their ideologies “Generally, for movements to have any tactical impact, ideology took a back seat to the more pragmatic exploration of the possibilities available to rural guerrilla movements. That was also true in the Cuban Revolution-ideological justification and explanation followed success” There were hundreds of commanders mostly lower-middle class. Many of them who seemed to be frustrated by the overwhelming problems facing their countries. A government cannot function without popular consent unless by using force on the people which would drain them of resources and energy A government is strapped by an image they...
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...motivated by three major factors which are the social, political, and economic factors with the economic factor being the primary factor. As a result, of the European imperialist designs and pressure provoked African political and diplomatic responses leading to military resistance by Africans. To conquer Africa, colonials commonly applied the policies of direct, indirect and assimilation rule to dominate entirely African countries. To get protection from the colonizers, African leaders reacted by signing treaties like the Berlin conference for those who collaborated while some African leaders reacted by forming militarily to resist the seizure of their lands and also the imposition of colonial domination. The major cause of violent revolution in the Russian revolution of 1917 was the existence of sharp economic differences existing between social classes. The main goal was to ensure that the rigid class system existing were somehow fair and not favoring. The cause for the use of nonviolent revolution in the American Revolution was the fact that it presents fewer obstacles when it comes to moral and physical involvement and commitment as well promoting a high level of participation which contributes to enhanced resilience. The goal was to ensure that there are no cases of the dictatorial regime in America. For the cause of orange revolution in Ukraine was to ensure there is both economical and political transformation in the country. The goal of the revolution was to ensure...
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...first landed here from England, and prior to the revolution, lived under the government and laws of their native country. Over time, the colonists became eager to gain their own freedom and become an independent country. The conflict began when English parliament began placing unfair taxes on the colonists on items like stamps and tea. Because of this, the colonists revolted, and in 1773, the event we now know as the Boston Tea Party occurred. Sam Adams and the Sons of Liberty, an organization of leaders, politicians and members, boarded three British ships after sundown. Some were hesitant as they feared the law and whether or not they...
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...thereby inciting the public to act against the laws and control of England. They were one of the most influential groups behind the American Revolution. The start of the Sons of Liberty is something of a mystery. The group always met in secret and it is disputed where it all began. Some say it started in New York and some will say under the leadership of Samuel Adams the Boston chapter was first. One thing is certain though, they all had the same goal, to organize public opinion and coordinate patriotic actions against Great Britain. The Sons of Liberty met at night so not to attract the British soldiers and to keep their activities secret until they felt it was time to make them public. One of the main reasons the groups were started was to protest and campaign against the Stamp Act. That was just the start of what the group would protest against and continue to fight for liberty against Britain. The Sons of Liberty name actually came from a speech given to parliament by Colonel Isaac Barre, “the behavior of Britain’s officials toward Americans on many occasions has caused the blood of those Sons of Liberty to recoil within them”, which wasn’t intended to imply disloyalty towards the crown but when word got back to the colonies and they saw his words they used them to their benefit. Barre made it known he thought it was ridiculous Americans owed Britain any money and the debt they now had from the Seven Years’ War was Britain’s responsibility. Britain, however, was still...
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...time for fifty-three Americans who were held hostage in the worst conditions of there lives against there will. The living conditions and time spent in captivity took a mental and physical toll on the Americans involved. The hatred among the United States and Iran grew significantly during the time of the crisis. The Iranian Hostage Crisis was the greatest contributor to negatively impacting the economy and US's realtionship with Iran. The Iranian Hostage began on November 4, 1979 and lasted for four hundred forty-four days until January 20 1981. In 1977 the stage was set for the revolution and the virtual severance of ties between Iran and the United States (Gorman 1181)The seizure of the American embassy was initially planned in September 1979 by Ebrahim Asgharzadez (“Iranian Hostage Crisis” weebly). The takeover was orginally suppose to be short-term but US didnt follow the demands of Iran. In the words of Asgharzades, “We intented to detain.... for a few days, ,aybe one week, but no more.”(Gorman 1184) Asgharzadez consulted with the heads of the Islamic associations of Tehran's main universities. “Our aim was to object the American government by going to their embassy and occupying it for several hours” (“Background and Causes of Islamic Revolution”). In February of 1979 less than a year before the crisis began, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi the Shah of Iran had been overtaken in the revoultion of Iran (“Iranian Revoultion” Wikipedia). “Months before the revolution... Jimmy Carter...
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...Begin the Revolution, or Maybe Not? The 1960’s were a time of evolution and ambivalence within the United States and around the world. Blacks fought for their rights to be seen as equals in the eyes of the government, and a large portion of the baby boomers began to question the authority of the men sending there friends off to fight another war. This turmoil led to the emergence of several profound discoveries and achievements that have impacted society even today. Music groups such as The Beatles took the emotions of the people during this time and wrote one of the most controversial albums every written, “The White Album,” however this would also lead to their collapse as band later on. The album questioned the authority of the government...
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...in1590 and was dubbed, The Lost Colony of Roanoke (Annenberg Learner, 2013b). Seventeen years later, in 1607, Captain Christopher Newport would sail the Atlantic ocean landing on the shores of Chesapeake Bay and establishing Jamestown on May 13,1607 (Annenberg Learner, 2103b). Jamestown became the first permanent English settlement in North America and the inauguration of colonization in North America ( Annenberg Learner, 2013b). Although the colony of Jamestown began to decline, new colonist still arrived yearly, nearly 80 percent of them died over the next three years, a result of starvation and attacks from the Indians (Annenberg Learner, 2103b). Captain Newport left Jamestown and Captain John Smith, a dictator, was placed in charge of the colony. In order for the colony of Jamestown to prosper, Captain Smith gave the settlers an ultimatum, to work or starve. The colonist chose work, and by 1611 tobacco became the main financial support of Jamestown ( Annenberg Learner, 2013b). John Rolfe proceeds to introduce the tobacco to King James I in Europe and trade begins in England (Goucher, LeGuin, and Walton, 1998). The success of Jamestown brings over 200,000 Europeans to the English colonies by the 1700s, further establishing the rise of colonialism...
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