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TWITTER
Marcelli Stephanie / 02320110043

PENJELASAN SINGKAT TENTANG TWITTER DAN SEJARAHNYA
Twitter adalah layanan jaringan sosial online dan layanan micro-blogging yang memungkinkan penggunanya untuk mengirim dan membaca pesan berbasis teks hanya dengan 140 karakter. Teks dengan 140 karakter yang terdapat di twitter disebut juga sebagai “Tweets”.
Twitter ditemukan oleh seorang pengusaha muda yang bernama Noah Glass, yang memulai suatu perusahaan bernama Odeo bertempat di apartemen-nya. Sebelum menciptakan Twitter, Noah mempunyai suatu produk yang dapat membuat suatu pesan menjadi MP3 yang disupport dengan koneksi internet. Teknologi ini dibuat oleh Noah dan perusahaannya; Odeo. Salah satu investor Noah di Odeo adalah Evan Williams. Williams lebih banyak memberikan kontribusinya didalam perusahaan Odeo. Setelah Williams menjual salah satu perusahaannya bernama Blogger kepada Google, ia mempunyai rumah yang sangat mewah dan bekas apartemen yang ia miliki digunakan untuk kantor Odeo yang baru. Ditempat yang baru, Odeo mulai mengambil beberapa pegawai dan web desainer bernama Jack Dorsey. Pada bulan Juli 2005, Odeo mempunya produk baru yang disebut dengan Podcasting. Tetapi beberapa bulan kemudian, Apple mengumumkan iTunes yang mempunyai fitur Podcasting Platform yang dapat dimiliki oleh semua orang. Disaat yang bersamaan, para karyawan Odeo, Williams dan Noah sangat terpuruk. Tetapi tidak lama setelah itu, mereka menyadari bahwa orang yang menggunakan fitur Podcasting tidak sebanyak seperti apa yang mereka pikirkan. Setelah kejadian ini, William memutuskan bahwa masa depan Odeo bukan di Podcasting, dan satu tahun kemudian, ia mengeluarkan ide untuk mencari tujuan baru untuk perusahaan Odeo. Didalam pencarian ide untuk menemukan tujuan baru dari Odeo, Williams mengatakan kepada Glass bahwa ia mempunyai ide tentang ‘status’ dan ia sangat tertarik dengan sebuah ‘status’. Suatu hari di Februari 2006, Noah, Jack Dorsey, dan Florian Weber mempresentasikan ide tentang ‘status’ tersebut ke semua orang didalam Odeo. Didalam presentasinya itu, ia menjelaskan tentang sebuah sistem dimana si pengguna dapat membuat sebuah teks dan mengirimkannya kepada semua temannya yang disebut dengan Twttr. Setelah dilakukan berbagai pertimbangan, nama tersebut kemudian diubah menjadi Twitter.

LATAR BELAKANG TERCIPTANYA TWITTER Didalam menciptakan Twitter, Noah menginginkan untuk membuat suatu sistem dimana si pengguna dapat menuliskan pesan dengan cepat dan dapat diketahui oleh seluruh teman – temannya. Noah dan kawan – kawan menginginkan agar mereka dapat selalu berhubungan dengan teman – temannya dan dapat mengetahui apa yang sedang mereka lakukan dengan cepat. Seperti yang telah disebutkan diatas, salah satu rekan Noah, yaitu Williams, sangat tertarik dengan ‘status’. Fitur ‘status’ pertama kali dikenalkan oleh jejaring sosial Facebook. Dengan fitur ‘status’ di Twitter yang sering disebut dengan ‘Tweets’, pengguna dapat menuliskan apa yang terjadi kepada dirinya atau hal – hal menarik disekitarnya secara cepat dalam 140 karakter. Banyak orang yang mengaitkan terciptanya Twitter karena melihat kesuksesan dari Facebook. Pada dasarnya, penemu Facebook dan Twitter menginginkan suatu sistem yang memudahkan mereka untuk berkomunikasi. Hal inilah yang membuat mereka berpikir untuk menciptakan suatu sistem komunikasi yang baru dengan menggunakan internet yang sering kita sebut dengan Social Networking. Pada jaman sekarang, semua orang dari berbagai kalangan sudah tidak asing lagi dengan social networking yang sering kita umur setiap hari. Tidak jarang, seorang pengguna internet memiliki lebih dari tiga akun di berbagai jejaring sosial. Keinginan untuk tetap berkomunikasi dengan sanak saudara, teman, ataupun kekasih menimbulkan ide – ide kreatif untuk menciptakan berbagai – macam jejaring sosial yang terdapat pada saat ini, salah satunya adalah Twitter. Para pengguna Twitter bukan hanya orang dewasa saja, anak – anak yang masih duduk dibangku SD bahkan sudah mempunyai akun di jejaring sosial tersebut. Pergaulan-lah yang membuat mereka akhirnya membuat akun di Twitter agar bisa berkirim pesan dengan teman – temannya. Tidak hanya masyarakat biasa, pengguna Twitter berasal dari berbagai macam golongan, salah satunya adalah dari tokoh politik. Obama misalnya. Ia menggunakan media Twitter untuk berkampanye dan meminta dukungan dari rakyat dunia pada pemilu presiden tahun 2008. Sejak Obama sukses berkampanye dijejaring sosial, banyak tokoh politik lain yang mengikuti jejak Obama. Selain Obama, para anggota DPR di Indonesia banyak yang menggunakan Twitter untuk mensosialisasikan peraturan baru atau untuk mendekatkan diri kepada masyarakat Indonesia.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter * http://www.theglobeandmail.com/technology/digital-culture/social-web/the-history-of-twitter-140-characters-at-a-time/article573416/ * http://articles.businessinsider.com/2011-04-13/tech/29957143_1_jack-dorsey-twitter-podcasting/5 * http://gigaom.com/2009/02/01/a-brief-history-of-twitter/ * http://mashable.com/2011/09/30/twitter-history-infographic/ * http://www.businessinsider.com/blackboard/noah-glass * http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42577600/ns/business-us_business/t/real-history-twitter-isnt-so-short-sweet/#.UJo3WWZz58M * http://www.140characters.com/2009/01/30/how-twitter-was-born/ * http://sejarahteknologi.blogspot.com/2009/07/sejarah-twitter.html * http://de-kill.blogspot.com/2010/01/sejarah-twitter-mikroblogging.html * http://terselubung.blogspot.com/2012/02/sejarah-twitter-yang-fenomenal.html

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