...December 7, 1941 started a year of losses that devastated the United States Navy to a point that there were serious considerations that the U.S. may lose the war. The point most researchers don’t seem to connect with the Super Power Global U.S. Navy of today was based upon forced changes in strategy, Technology and Leadership that was forced by the losses of 1941 to the Imperial Japanese Navy. In the first year of the war the Imperial Japanese Navy used Strategy, Technology and Leadership to overwhelm the U.S. Navy. If we reflect on the state of the U.S. Navy in 1939, we can get a better understanding of just how much effect Admiral Halsey had just 2 years later when he was placed into a historic leadership role. The U.S. Navy believed firmly that it was the technology leader in the Pacific in 1939. They had the biggest battleship fleet in the world, a huge arsenal of planes and Men in the strategic locations that would easily stop any aggression by Japan if they dared even to consider attacking any American interest. They also knew that they had some of the oldest and seasoned Admirals in the world. Ones who did not need to know about new technology as long as they could command the leviathans, the dreadnaught battleships, which had been the center of U.S. Naval strategy for over 60 years. However as the last of Admiral Nagumo’s airplane banked triumphantly away from the smoking ruins of the US Pacific Fleet, most in America at first believed that American had indeed lost the...
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...Connor Cohn 3/4/11 Curry, period 4 Final Aircraft Carriers in WWII Many of World War II’s greatest battles were fought at sea, making naval technologies crucial to all sides. Many kinds of ships, such as battleships, submarines, and aircraft carriers, had been used in previous wars, but the global nature of World War II made naval battles especially important. These vessels ranged from heavily armed warships to numerous support craft such as fuel ships and troop landing boats. Of all the ships used in the war, aircraft carriers were the largest. Thus, how and why were aircraft carriers so effective in World War II, specifically how was it more effective than a battleship, and how did both Japan and the US utilize this revolution in technology? An aircraft carrier is a ship whose primary purpose is to bring airplanes closer to distant battle areas. Since most World War II aircraft had a range of just a few hundred miles, it was necessary to bring the aircraft to the battlefront, and using a ship to do so made a lot of sense in the Pacific, where much of the fighting took place on islands and along coastal areas. The first true aircraft carriers were built by the Japanese in the 1920’s. Japan remained an innovator in aircraft carrier design and construction during the years leading to World War II, operating nine aircraft carriers by 1941. Their largest carriers of the war were the Akagi and Kaga, each capable of launching over 90 aircraft (doc. Navy), only 25% of these...
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...The New Face of War: How War Will Be Fought in the 21st Century Intelligence in Recent Public Literature Nicholas Negroponte, head of MIT’s Media Lab, observed that the information age is fast replacing atoms with bits; movies on film with packets on the Internet; print media with digital media; and wires with digital radio waves. Negroponte does not apply the bits-for-atoms principle to warfare, but Bruce Berkowitz, in The New Face of War, does. According to Berkowitz, a senior analyst at RAND and a former intelligence officer, future wars will not be won by having more atoms (troops, weapons, territory) than an opponent, but by having more bits . . . of information. Berkowitz argues that atoms that used to be big winners will become big losers to information technology. Reconnaissance sensors will quickly find massed troops, enabling adversaries to zap those troops with precision-guided weapons. Fortifications will tie armies down to fixed locations, making them sitting ducks for smart bombs. Cheap cyber weapons (e.g., computer viruses) will neutralize expensive kinetic weapons (e.g., missile defenses). Berkowitz sums up the growing dominance of bits over atoms: “The ability to collect, communicate, process, and protect information is the most important factor defining military power.” The key word here is: “the most important factor.” The New Face of War gives many historical examples of information superiority proving to be an important factor in defining military...
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...What is Prejudice? Researchers struggle to define prejudice. Some say it is “a negative attitude or feeling toward an individual, group, place or thing” ( (Bokanic, 2009). Others say that this attitude is based on assumptions, which leads to the prejudgments of others. Whatever the case, prejudices can be formed against another person because of race, weight, gender, language, religion, or virtually any difference. Prejudices lead to discrimination and stereotypes. For example, Wrenee, a French-American, was a victim of racial prejudice as a child. As she grew up, she searched for a place where people would not prejudge her based on her racial background. She became a doctor in a town in Southern Alabama, where her physical appearance...
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...Discrimination has been around as long as humans have been in existence. It has enslaved millions and millions it has forced entire tribes to migrate from state to state. It has locked up countless number of innocent people and it stripped the right to vote for many, even when it was promised to them. It even denied entry into this country. Skin color, gender or even social class greatly affected the way one was treated. But during the 1800s it was mainly skin color that determined how you were going to be treated. If you were white then you were always treated with great respect. Equality is a very simple concept but why doesn’t everyone always get it? My mother always used to stress this to me “Treat others the way you want them to treat you”. We all want to live in a world of perfect harmony and interaction. But for equality to truly exist everyone has to sacrifice some of there pride and present respect in the same manner they wish to receive it in. As simple as the concept of it may be, the meaning of it however never seems to be exact not to even mention unachievable. Whenever philosophers, lawyers or professors elaborate on the “principle” of equality, no conclusion can ever be drawn. If you were to compare two toy dolls from the same make and the same exact model, they both will look similar or equal in proportion. However in reality there is no such thing because every object however similar they seem, can be perceived from a different angle because the objects or...
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...The United States has carried out intelligence activities since the days of George Washington, but only since World War II have they been coordinated on a government-wide basis. President .Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed New York lawyer and war hero, William J. Donovan, to become first the Coordinator of Information, and then, after the US entered World War II, head of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in 1942. The OSS – the forerunner to the CIA – had a mandate to collect and analyze strategic information. After World War II, however, the OSS was abolished along with many other war agencies and its functions were transferred to the State and War Departments. It did not take long before President Truman recognized the need for a postwar, centralized intelligence organization. To make a fully functional intelligence office, Truman signed the National Security Act of 1947 establishing the CIA. The National Security Act charged the CIA with coordinating the nation’s intelligence activities and correlating, evaluating and disseminating intelligence affecting national security. On December 17, 2004, President George W. Bush signed the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act which restructured the Intelligence Community by abolishing the position of Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) and Deputy Director of Central Intelligence (DDCI) and creating the position the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (D/CIA). The Act also created the position of Director of...
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...COULD THE ATTACK ON 9/11 HAVE BEEN PREVENTED? Author: LJ Florida International University Course: Global Terrorism Professor: Dr. Oscar Vigoa October 27, 2015 Abstract September 11 was a very unique and sad day in the history of America. We were attacked by Terrorist from the Alqueada group in the very worst possible way. This attack was very brutal and symbolic. What sets the foundation of a country is generally its economy, security and its government. On that day America was attacked at all level. The World Trade Center was a symbol of our economy, The Pentagon, our defense/security and Capitol Hill which also was a target is a symbol of our government since it is the metonym for Congress. Up till this day people have many questions regarding this tragedy, how it come about and why our National Security was so easily compromised. Very few answers however have been provided. This research paper goes through a close analysis of the attack on that day, accentuating on the hijackers behavior specifically Mohammed Atta. The airport security system prior to 911 I is also discussed. Finally emphasis is put on our intelligence agencies particularly the FBI and the CIA which apparently were in possession of crucial information that could have prevented this attack here on US soil. ...
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...survey.[2] However, in the minds of airmen at least, other roles had assumed priority. Once pilots started shooting at each other to try to prevent reconnaissance, control of the air had become a prerequisite for all air activities. Consequently, specialist fighter aircraft quickly proliferated. When those aircraft then started to use their enhanced performance and offensive capabilities to increasing effect against surface targets, another compelling reason to gain control of the air existed. Few events during the First World War caused more panic and alarm than the attacks on London in the middle of the day by German Gotha bombers in mid-1917. As a direct result of those attacks, within three months the British Government had established what amounted to a strategic bombing unit in France, known as the Independent Force, to conduct reprisal raids against the German homeland; within a year the Royal Air Force had been formed as...
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...Negative impacts of Dinoflagellate algae: economic, ecologic, and human health hazards ABSTRACT Increasing pollution both atmospheric and oceanic are encouraging algal growth and increasing the frequency and geographic range of high density dinoflagellate blooms. Public health and economic impacts, as well as negative ecological effects of the aquatic environment are increasing the scientific research done on toxic dinoflagellate species. Contaminated bivalves are causing paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning in humans (DSP); with the number of cases increasing steadily in the last 40 years. Toxins released by certain species of the phylum dinoflagellate are the cause of this spreading contamination. Algal bloom locations are dictated by water currents and synaptic weather patterns, and their movement makes it difficult to pinpoint the origin of these blooms. Measuring the level of toxins in shellfish is currently the best way to chart the growing density of these blooms, and to prove the masses of algae are of growing concern. In this review the negative impact dinoflagellate algal blooms are having on aquaculture, human health hazards, and reasons for the increasing frequencies/densities of blooms will be covered; additional information on the shortcomings of incomplete scientific data complied on algal blooms and why scientific research is now being sought after will be reviewed. BACKGROUND Few species of phytoplankton produce...
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...EFFICIENCY AND SUCCESS OF GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS LaToya Wallace ac502-01 Regulation December 21, 2011 Efficiency and Success of Government Regulations Introduction Over the years, the US has seen and recovered from major financial setbacks. With the uncovering of each new company scandal, legislation has been swift to put ordinances and laws into place to prevent the same mistake from happening twice. Although some of the events majorly affected every American, some were swiftly and quickly identified which helped offset some of the major repercussions that could have possible be occurred. Three such laws that were implemented due to financial catastrophe include the Securities Act of 1933 & 1034, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, and the Sarbanes - Oxley Act. I. Securities Act of 1933 & 1934 A. Summary of Regulation * Securities Act of 1933 * First major federal legislation to regulate the offer and sale of securities * Created by Congress during the aftermath of the stock market crash of 1929 and during the ensuing Great Depression * Purpose is to make sure that buyers of securities receive complete and accurate information before investing (Graham, Hazarika, & Narasimhan, 2011) * Securities Act of 1934 * Created to provide governance of securities transactions on the secondary market (after issue) and regulate the exchanges and broker-dealers in order to protect public investors ...
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...“I have decided, or rather I decided several months before it started, or may be several years say, not to write propaganda in this war at all. I am willing to go to it and will send my kids to it and will give what money I have to it but I want to write just what I believe all the way through it and after it. It was the writers in the last war who wrote propaganda that finished themselves off that way. There is plenty of stuff that you believe absolutely that you can write which is useful enough without having to write propaganda….If we are fighting for what we believe in we might as well always keep on believing in what we have believed, and for me this is to write nothing that I do not think is the absolute truth.” -To Maxwell Perkins, Finca Vigia, Cuba, May 30, 1942 It would be nice to designate the Second World War with a factual title, such as The Good War, or The Best War Ever, but in retrospect neither of these titles would be an honest opinion to the military or the civilian victims of the war. Historians and journalists alike, being that one cannot be the other and therefore should never be confused but for the instance of the following should be entitled to the same mistakes, insinuate that the portrayal of the Second World War was an accurate one without the tremendous censorship and propaganda that transpired out of the First World War. Undoubtedly, to believe such an apparent statement of propaganda would be to dismiss the actions and the transformation of...
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...33 CHAPTER Newswriting basics Ready to write a simple news story? This chapter introduces you to the concepts and formulas all reporters have learned to rely upon. IN THIS CHAPTER: 34 Just the facts Be aware of what’s factual — and what’s opinion. 36 The five W’s The essentials: who, what, when, where, why. 38 The inverted pyramid How to write stories so the key facts come first. 40 Writing basic news leads Putting your opening paragraphs to work in the most informative, appealing way. 42 Beyond the basic news lead Not every story needs to start with a summary of basic facts; you have other options. 44 Leads that succeed A roundup of the most popular and dependable categories of leads. 46 After the lead . . . what next? A look at nut grafs, briefs, brites — and ways to outline and organize stories efficiently. 48 Story structure How to give an overall shape to your story, from beginning to middle to end. 50 Rewriting First you write. Then you rethink, revise, revamp and refine until you run out of time. 52 Editing Reporters have a love-hate relationship with editors. But here’s why you need them. 54 Newswriting style Every newsroom adapts its own rules when it comes to punctuation, capitalization, etc. 56 Making deadline When you’re a reporter, you live by the clock. How well will you handle the pressure? 58 66 newswriting tips A collection of rules, guidelines and helpful advice to make your stories more professional. ...
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...Study Unit Improving Your Writing When you complete this study unit, you’ll be able to • Identify your audience, medium, and purpose • Focus your ideas • Organize your material • Plan both informal and formal writing projects • Use words, punctuation, and sentences to achieve the effect you want • Revise, edit, and proofread to make your final copy accurate, professional, and attractive Preview Preview Writing a strong letter to apply for a job or putting together a convincing argument for a business report requires more than a collection of nouns, verbs, and punctuation. Good communication skills include the basics, of course, but proper planning, a pleasant style, and close attention to detail also count. This study unit is designed to help you make the best use of the writing tools you already have by making them work for you as you plan, develop, revise, and present your work. iii 1 Prewriting Organizing Your Material Patterns of Organization Outline Options Developing an Outline The Formal Outline 2 6 6 9 11 16 WRITING YOUR DOCUMENT 21 Types of Writing Key Considerations Writing the First Draft STRENGTHENING YOUR STYLE How to Give Your Writing Punch Choosing the Right Words Informality and Formality Using Words Properly REVISING, EDITING, AND PROOFREADING Revising Your Writing Editing Your Work Proofreading the Final Draft Presenting Your Work 21 25 33 36 36 ...
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...THE KING OF TERROR A Doc Savage Adventure by Kenneth Robeson · Chapter I. THE PICTURE OF DEATH · Chapter II. FRAULINO JONES · Chapter III. TWO GOOD MEN · Chapter IV. SLIP OF THE FOOT · Chapter V. THE MASTER OF MEN'S DESTINIES · Chapter VI. REPEAT PERFORMANCE · Chapter VII. IMPOSTOR · Chapter VIII. THE HANDSOME MAYFAIR · Chapter IX. PO PIKI · Chapter X. THE FRIGHTENING FACES · Chapter XI. THE UNDECIDED WOMAN · Chapter XII. TWO TO HELP · Chapter XIII. TERROR FOR HIDALGO · Chapter XIV. THE REPEAT DEVIL · Chapter XV. AGAIN AND AGAIN Chapter I. THE PICTURE OF DEATH THEY killed Doc Savage on Saturday. It was chilly that afternoon, with a little snow falling, and the snow as hard as salt particles. The wind had a hissing strength; it pounced on pedestrians and shook their overcoats and flapped their hat brims. Soldiers on the streets, and sailors in their winter-issue peajackets, blew steam on their fingers. The man with the red hat and the blue armband with the yellow cross was not used to the cold, or to the bite that winter has in New York, close to the sea. He cursed the weather fluently, with the slightly accented voice of a man who can speak several languages. His red hat and blue-yellow-cross armband, incidentally, was his own idea of a disguise. Dress in a bizarre outfit, he believed, and people wouldn't be able to recognize you when you dressed in ordinary clothes. He crossed Fifth Avenue and went into a restaurant, one of...
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...Contents Preface Acknowledgments Introduction 1 BRAIN POWER Myth #1 Most People Use Only 10% of Their Brain Power Myth #2 Some People Are Left-Brained, Others Are Right-Brained Myth #3 Extrasensory Perception (ESP) Is a Well-Established Scientific Phenomenon Myth #4 Visual Perceptions Are Accompanied by Tiny Emissions from the Eyes Myth #5 Subliminal Messages Can Persuade People to Purchase Products 2 FROM WOMB TO TOMB Myth #6 Playing Mozart’s Music to Infants Boosts Their Intelligence Myth #7 Adolescence Is Inevitably a Time of Psychological Turmoil Myth #8 Most People Experience a Midlife Crisis in | 8 Their 40s or Early 50s Myth #9 Old Age Is Typically Associated with Increased Dissatisfaction and Senility Myth #10 When Dying, People Pass through a Universal Series of Psychological Stages 3 A REMEMBRANCE OF THINGS PAST Myth #11 Human Memory Works like a Tape Recorder or Video Camera, and Accurate Events We’ve Experienced Myth #12 Hypnosis Is Useful for Retrieving Memories of Forgotten Events Myth #13 Individuals Commonly Repress the Memories of Traumatic Experiences Myth #14 Most People with Amnesia Forget All Details of Their Earlier Lives 4 TEACHING OLD DOGS NEW TRICKS Myth #15 Intelligence (IQ) Tests Are Biased against Certain Groups of People My th #16 If You’re Unsure of Your Answer When Taking a Test, It’s Best to Stick with Your Initial Hunch Myth #17 The Defining Feature of Dyslexia Is Reversing Letters Myth #18 Students Learn Best When Teaching Styles Are Matched to...
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