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Wheaton College History

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Although the numbers of women entering science increased exponentially in between 1940s and 1950s, the overall percentage of women among college students remained low due to the extraordinary number of men receiving degrees through the GI Bill for education for returning veterans (Bailey, 1994, p. 230-254). After the war, the number of women earning doctorates continued to climb, but the job market for women scientists in the 1950s and 1960s was still difficult, due to social pressures (such as the postwar emphasis on women’s domestic roles) and a decreased labor need (due to the availability of more male scientists), especially in the higher-level research positions (Gornick, 2009, p. 55). In this social and economic climate, women who held …show more content…
It was neither coeducational nor affiliated with any other institution. Its resources included two hundred acres of land; forty-six buildings; productive funds of over a million dollars, to which no condition was attached except that they be used for educational purposes; and a background of one hundred and nine years of educational service (“Wheaton College,” 1943, p. 10-15). It occupied the vantage ground of being both an old and a new institution. The enrollment at Wheaton was between four hundred and fifty and five hundred, and it was proposed to limit it to about this number in 1943 when Mary Ellen Avery started her freshman year for a reason that is unknown (“Mary Ellen Avery,” …show more content…
Avery’s pioneering research efforts helped lead to the discovery of the main cause of respiratory distress syndrome in premature babies (“Changing the Face of Medicine,” n.d.). During her career in academic medicine, Dr. Avery had a strong interest in training young physicians, particularly in pulmonary disease and neonatology (“In Memoriam: Mary Ellen Avery,” n.d.). She was a role model and advocate for women entering the medical profession. She contributed significantly to the field of medicine as a researcher, educator, clinician, and administrator. She was the Vice Chairman of Board of Trustees in 1980 at Wheaton College and the first woman to be appointed physician in chief at Boston Children’s Hospital; the first woman to head a clinical department at Harvard Medical School; the first woman to be chosen president of the Society for Pediatric Research; and the first pediatrician to lead the American Association for the Advancement of Science (“Changing the Face of Medicine,”

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